Banking & Business, ASS-BRO
From central banks and credit systems to startups and sprawling corporations, banking and business shape how capital is raised, risk is managed, and economies grow.
Banking & Business Encyclopedia Articles By Title
assignat
assignat, paper bill issued in France as currency from 1789 to 1796, during the French Revolution. A financial......
Association of Caribbean States
Association of Caribbean States (ACS), trading bloc composed of 25 countries of the Caribbean basin. Responding......
AstraZeneca
AstraZeneca is a British-Swedish biopharmaceutical company with medicine sales in more than 130 countries, making......
Asylum Records and the Sound of Southern California
The driving force behind Asylum Records, the musical embodiment of the âMe Decadeâ (writer Tom Wolfeâs characterization......
at the money
At the money (ATM) is a term used in options trading to describe an option whose strike price is equal toâor very......
AT&T Corporation
...
Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway Company, The
Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway Company, former railway that was one of the largest in the United States.......
Atlantic Richfield Company
Atlantic Richfield Company (ARCO), former American petroleum corporation that was headquartered in Los Angeles......
Auburn University
Auburn University, public, coeducational institution of higher education located in Auburn, Alabama, U.S. The university......
auction
auction, the buying and selling of real and personal property through open public bidding. The traditional auction......
auditing
auditing, examination of the records and reports of an enterprise by specialists other than those responsible for......
Augmentations, Court of
Court of Augmentations, in Reformation England, the most important of a group of financial courts organized during......
aureus
aureus, basic gold monetary unit of ancient Rome and the Roman world. It was first named nummus aureus (âgold moneyâ),......
Australian Council of Trade Unions
Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU), the dominant association and governing body of the trade union movement......
Aventis
Aventis, former French pharmaceutical company founded in 1999 through the merger of the German firm Hoechst and......
Average
Average, in maritime law, loss or damage, less than total, to maritime property (a ship or its cargo), caused by......
B.F. Goodrich Company
B.F. Goodrich Company, major American brand and manufacturing company of the 20th century, for 90 years a maker......
Babson College
Babson College, private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Wellesley, Massachusetts, U.S. Business......
BAE Systems
BAE Systems, major British manufacturer of aircraft, missiles, avionics, and other aerospace and defense products.......
baht
baht, monetary unit of Thailand. Each baht is subdivided into 100 satang. The Bank of Thailand has the exclusive......
balance of payments
balance of payments, systematic record of all economic transactions between residents of one country and residents......
balance of trade
The balance of trade represents the difference in value over a period of time between a countryâs imports and exports......
balance sheet
balance sheet, Financial statement that describes the resources under a companyâs control on a specified date and......
Banco Santander, SA
Banco Santander, SA, leading financial group in Spain and one of the largest in Europe. It offers services in traditional......
bank
bank, an institution that deals in money and its substitutes and provides other money-related services. In its......
- Introduction
- Deposits, Loans, Interest
- Financial Services, History, Regulation
- Loans, Deposits, Services
- Asset Management, Investment, Funds
- Liabilities, Risk, Management
- Regulation, Supervision, Oversight
- Cash Reserves, Regulation, Banking System
- Central Banking, Regulation, Reserve System
- Central Banking, Monetary Policy, Regulation
- Banking Trends, Regulation, History
bank holiday
bank holiday, in the United Kingdom, any of several days designated as holidays by the Bank Holidays Act of 1871......
Bank of America
Bank of America, one of the largest banking and financial services brands and corporations in the United States.......
Bank of Boston Corporation
Bank of Boston Corporation, former American bank holding company that was acquired by Fleet Financial Group in......
Bank of New York Company, Inc., The
The Bank of New York Company, Inc., major American bank holding company, headquartered in New York City. The original......
Bank of the United States
Bank of the United States, central bank chartered in 1791 by the U.S. Congress at the urging of Alexander Hamilton......
Bank One
...
Bank Secrecy Act
Bank Secrecy Act, U.S. legislation, signed into law in 1970 by Pres. Richard Nixon, that requires banks and other......
Barclays PLC
Barclays PLC is a multinational financial institution formed in England in 1896, with roots that date back to goldsmith......
Baring family
Baring family, British family whose banking and commercial house played a principal role in British overseas lending......
Barings Bank, bankruptcy of
bankruptcy of Barings Bank, collapse of Barings Bank, Britainâs oldest merchant bank, on February 27, 1995, when......
barter
barter, the direct exchange of goods or servicesâwithout an intervening medium of exchange or moneyâeither according......
BASF Aktiengesellschaft
BASF Aktiengesellschaft, (German: BASF Limited-liability Company), German chemical and plastics manufacturing company......
Bayer
Bayer AG is a German chemical and pharmaceutical company founded in 1863 by Friedrich Bayer (1825â80), a chemical......
bazaar
bazaar, originally, a public market district of a Persian town. From Persia the term spread to Arabia (the Arabic......
BBVA SA
BBVA SA, Spanish financial group with its strength lying in the traditional business of retail banking, asset management,......
bear market
In financial markets, a bear market is a period during which prices fall consistently. The term most often refers......
beggar-thy-neighbor policy
In international trade, a beggar-thy-neighbor economic policy is one that benefits the country that implements......
Belmont family
Belmont family, family prominent in American banking and finance, politics, and patronage of the arts. The familyâs......
Bendix Corporation
Bendix Corporation, former American corporation founded in 1924 to manufacture automobile brake systems. In 1983......
benevolence
benevolence, in English history, any sum of money, disguised as a gift, extorted by various English kings, from......
Beretta SpA
Beretta SpA, Italian-based manufacturer of sporting, military, and personal firearms, one of the worldâs oldest......
Berkshire Hathaway
Berkshire Hathaway is an American holding company based in Omaha, Nebraska. Long led by billionaire investor Warren......
Bertelsmann
...
Bethlehem Steel Corporation
Bethlehem Steel Corporation was once the United Statesâ second-largest steelmaker, supplying the beams, ships,......
Better Business Bureau
Better Business Bureau, any of several American and Canadian organizations formed to protect consumers against......
BHP Billiton
BHP Billiton, international natural resources company, formed in 2001 by the merger of BHP Ltd. and Billiton PLC.......
Bilderberg Meetings
Bilderberg Meetings, annual meetings attended by 120 to 150 political leaders, government officials, and experts......
billboard
billboard, advertising structure composed of wood, metal, paper, or a variety of other durable materials, situated......
Billingsgate
Billingsgate, former London market (closed 1982). It was situated in the City of London at the north end of London......
bimetallism
bimetallism, monetary standard or system based upon the use of two metals, traditionally gold and silver, rather......
Bing
Bing, search engine launched in 2009 by the American software company Microsoft Corporation. Microsoftâs previous......
Biograph Company
Biograph Company, one of the major American motion-picture studios in the early days of filmmaking, founded as......
Bitcoin
Bitcoin is the first, most-traded, and best-known cryptocurrency. The digital currency was created by an anonymous......
Black Entertainment Television
Black Entertainment Television is an American cable television network with programming developed primarily for......
Black Friday
Black Friday, in U.S. history, a securities market panic that occurred on September 24, 1869, as a result of plummeting......
Black Friday
Black Friday is a term commonly used to refer to the Friday after Thanksgiving, when retailers have traditionally......
black market
black market, trading in violation of publicly imposed regulations such as rationing laws, laws against certain......
Black Monday
Black Monday, global stock market crash that occurred on October 19, 1987. There have been several Black Mondays......
Blackbirding
Blackbirding, the 19th- and early 20th-century practice of enslaving (often by force and deception) South Pacific......
BlackRock, Inc.
BlackRock, Inc. is the worldâs largest asset manager. Headquartered in New York City, it manages more than $14......
blockchain
blockchain, database technology that relies on a ledger that is distributed throughout a computer network and whose......
Bloomberg News
Bloomberg News, news service based in New York City, New York, known for providing business and economic news to......
blue chip
blue chip, stock of a large, long-established, and well-financed company, regarded as a sound investment and usually......
Blue Origin
Blue Origin, the American aerospace company founded in 2000 by billionaire tech entrepreneur Jeff Bezos, was the......
Bluesky
Bluesky is a social media app where users post short messages of up to 300 characters, known as microblogging (similar......
BMW
BMW, German automaker noted for quality sports sedans and motorcycles and one of the most prominent brands in the......
BNP Paribas
BNP Paribas, French banking, financial services, and insurance company created through the 1999 merger of Banque......
Boeing Company
Boeing is an American aerospace manufacturer and a leading producer of commercial aircraft. It also produces military......
bolĂvar fuerte
bolĂvar fuerte, monetary unit of Venezuela. Each bolĂvar fuerte is divided into 100 cĂ©ntimos (cents). The bolĂvar......
Bombardier Inc.
Bombardier Inc. is a Canadian aerospace manufacturer headquartered in Montreal. Founded in 1942 by inventor Joseph-Armand......
Bon Marché
Bon MarchĂ©, (French: âGood Buyâ), department store in Paris, founded as a small shop in the early 19th century.......
bond
bond, in finance, a loan contract issued by local, state, or national governments and by private corporations specifying......
book club
book club, marketing service whereby potential book buyers subscribe to free periodicals describing available books,......
bookkeeping
bookkeeping, the recording of the monetary values of the transactions of a business. Bookkeeping provides the information......
Bosch GmbH
Bosch GmbH, German company that is Europeâs largest auto-parts brand manufacturer and one of the worldâs leading......
Boston and Maine Corporation
Boston and Maine Corporation, largest of the New England railroads, operating in central and northern Massachusetts,......
Boston Tea Party
Boston Tea Party, (December 16, 1773), incident in which 342 chests of tea belonging to the British East India......
Boycott
Boycott, collective and organized ostracism applied in labour, economic, political, or social relations to protest......
BP PLC
BP PLC is a British energy company and one of the worldâs largest oil and gas producers. Headquartered in London,......
Bracero Program
Bracero Program, series of agreements between the U.S. and Mexican governments to allow temporary labourers from......
brand (marketing)
brand (marketing), a set of words, images, and associations that represent and distinguish a product or service......
Braniff
Braniff, American airline and one of the worldâs major airlines from 1930 to 1982. The airline can be traced to......
Brasil, Banco do
Banco do Brasil, government-owned Brazilian bank, operating primarily in Brazil but with offices in more than 20......
Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, American biopharmaceutical company resulting from a merger in 1989 and dating to......
British Airways PLC
British Airways PLC, British air transport company formed in April 1974 in the fusion of British Overseas Airways......
British Broadcasting Corporation
British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), publicly financed broadcasting system in Great Britain, operating under......
British Leyland Motor Corporation, Ltd.
British Leyland Motor Corporation, Ltd., historic British automotive corporation. It was formed through the 1968......
British Railways
British Railways, former national railway system of Great Britain, created by the Transport Act of 1947, which......
British South Africa Company
British South Africa Company (BSAC, BSACO, or BSA Company), mercantile company based in London that was incorporated......
British Steel Corporation PLC
British Steel Corporation PLC, former British corporation that merged with Dutch steel firm Koninklijke Hoogovens......
Broadcom Inc.
Broadcom Inc., like many computer chipmakers, has benefited from the increasing use and demand for artificial intelligence......
broker-dealer
A broker-dealer is typically a firm whose business is buying and selling stocks, bonds, and funds for itself and......