Banking & Business, 123-ASS
From central banks and credit systems to startups and sprawling corporations, banking and business shape how capital is raised, risk is managed, and economies grow.
Banking & Business Encyclopedia Articles By Title
123Movies
123Movies, defunct movie and television show streaming website that enabled users to watch and download media for......
20 Under 40: Young Shapers of the Future (Business and Entrepreneurship)
The future is unwritten. It is also right around the corner, and, if, as science fiction author William Gibson......
20th Century Studios
20th Century Studios, major American film studio formed in 1935 by the merger of Twentieth Century Pictures and......
3M Company
3M Company, diversified American corporation manufacturing a wide range of products, including abrasives, adhesive......
5 Fast Facts About the East India Company
The British East India Company was a private corporation formed in December 1600 to establish a British presence......
5 of the Worldâs Most Devastating Financial Crises
Many of us still remember the collapse of the U.S. housing market in 2006 and the ensuing financial crisis that......
5 Quizzes That Will Tell You Whether You Should Have Been a Scientist
Marie Curie, Albert Einstein, Donna Stricklandâall of them proved their worth as scientists by winning a Nobel......
50 Years of Medicare
In 2015 Medicareâsigned into law on July 30, 1965, by U.S. Pres. Lyndon B. Johnsonâreached its 50th anniversary.......
6 Questions About the History of Money and Banking Answered
Earlier versions of these questions and answers first appeared in The Handy Personal Finance Answer Book by Paul......
7-Eleven
7-Eleven is a retailer that traces its origin to 1927 and operates more than 60,000 convenience stores, mostly......
A Brief (and Fascinating) History of Money
Money. People worry about it, think of ways to get more of it, and dream about how to spend it. But how much do......
A24
A24, independent film and television production and distribution company based in New York City and founded in......
ABN AMRO Holding NV
ABN AMRO Holding NV, holding company of the Dutch bank ABN AMRO Bank NV. Headquarters are in Amsterdam. Its origins......
Aboriginal Peoples Television Network
Aboriginal Peoples Television Network (APTN) is a national Canadian broadcaster providing Indigenous content for......
absolute advantage
absolute advantage, economic concept that is used to refer to a partyâs superior production capability. Specifically,......
Accenture
Accenture PLC is a global professional services company providing consulting and information technology (IT) services.......
Acceptance
Acceptance, short-term credit instrument consisting of a written order requiring a buyer to pay a specified sum......
account payable
account payable, any amount owed by a company as the result of a purchase of goods or services from another company......
account receivable
account receivable, any amount owed to a business by a customer as a result of a purchase of goods or services......
accounting
accounting, systematic development and analysis of information about the economic affairs of an organization. This......
- Introduction
- Assets, Liabilities, Equity
- Cash Flow, Financials, Statements
- Measurement, Standards, GAAP
- Financial Reporting, Assets, Liabilities
- Measurement, Limitations, Reporting
- International Standards, Convergence, Harmonization
- Cost, Budgeting, Analysis
- Cost Finding, Analysis, Budgeting
- Cost, Profit, Analysis
- Financial Reporting, Auditing, Budgeting
Activision Blizzard, Inc.
Activision Blizzard is an American developer and manufacturer of electronic games. The company was formed in 2008......
actuary
actuary, one who calculates insurance risks and premiums. Actuaries compute the probability of the occurrence of......
ad valorem tax
ad valorem tax, any tax imposed on the basis of the monetary value of the taxed item. Literally the term means......
Adair v. United States
Adair v. United States, case in which on Jan. 27, 1908, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld âyellow dogâ contracts forbidding......
adaptive management
adaptive management, iterative approach by which resource managers work toward ecological restoration goals while......
Adidas
Adidas (styled as âadidasâ since 1949) is a prominent German manufacturer of athletic shoes and apparel, identified......
Adobe Inc.
Adobe Inc., American developer of printing, publishing, and graphics software. Adobe was instrumental in the creation......
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (AMD) is an American semiconductor designer and global supplier of computing and graphics......
advertisement
advertisement, a public announcementâgenerally print, audio, or videoâmade to promote a commodity, service, or......
advertising
advertising, the techniques and practices used to bring products, services, opinions, or causes to public notice......
AEG AG
AEG AG, former German electronics and electrical-equipment company. As one of Germanyâs leading industrial companies......
Aer Lingus
Aer Lingus, Irish international air carrier that originated as the national airline of Ireland and resulted from......
Aeroflot
Aeroflot, Russian airline that was formerly the national airline of the Soviet Union. The Soviet state airline......
AFLâCIO
AFLâCIO, American federation of autonomous labour unions formed in 1955 by the merger of the AFL (founded 1886),......
African Development Bank
African Development Bank (AfDB), African organization established in 1964, operational beginning in 1966, and dedicated......
African Trade Union Unity, Organization of
Organization of African Trade Union Unity (OATUU), labour organization founded in 1973 at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,......
agency shop
agency shop, place of employment where union members pay union dues and other workers pay service fees to the union......
Agfa-Gevaert NV
Agfa-Gevaert NV, Belgian corporate group established in 1964 in the merger of Agfa AG of Leverkusen, West Germany,......
Agribusiness
Agribusiness, agriculture regarded as a business; more specifically, that part of a modern national economy devoted......
aid
aid, a tax levied in medieval Europe, paid by persons or communities to someone in authority. Aids could be demanded......
Air Canada
Air Canada, airline established by the Canadian Parliament in the Trans-Canada Air Lines Act of April 10, 1937.......
Air France
Air France, French international airline originally formed in 1933 and today serving all parts of the globe. With......
Air India
Air India, airline founded in 1932 (as Tata Airlines) that grew into the flagship international airline of India;......
Air New Zealand Limited
Air New Zealand Limited, New Zealand international airline founded in 1939 (as Tasman Empire Airways Limited, or......
Airbnb
Airbnb, Inc. is an American company that operates a service for booking short-term stays in private homes, apartments,......
Airbus
Airbus, major European aerospace company that builds commercial and military aircraft, space systems, propulsion......
Airbus Industrie
Airbus Industrie, European aircraft-manufacturing consortium formed in 1970 to fill a market niche for short- to......
AkzoNobel
AkzoNobel, diversified Dutch manufacturer of paints, coatings, and chemicals. The company was formed from the merger......
Alberti Family
Alberti Family, wealthy Florentine merchant banking family that was influential in European politics in the second......
Albertsons Companies, Inc.
Albertsons Companies, Inc. is an American grocery retailer that operates more than 20 supermarket chains, including......
Alcan Aluminium Limited
Alcan Aluminium Limited, Canadian multinational company that was incorporated in 1928 (as Aluminium Limited) and,......
Alcoa
Alcoa, American corporation founded in 1888 that, during the 20th century, grew to become a leading producer of......
Alfa Romeo SpA
Alfa Romeo SpA, Italian manufacturer of high-priced sports cars and other vehicles. The company was operated by......
Alibaba
Alibaba is a Chinese multinational conglomerate that operates across e-commerce, cloud computing, digital media,......
AlitaliaâLinee Aeree Italiane
AlitaliaâLinee Aeree Italiane, Italian international airline founded in 1946 and, by the early 21st century, serving......
All India Radio
All India Radio (AIR), Indiaâs national public radio broadcaster, officially called Akashvani (âvoice from the......
All Nippon Airways Co., Ltd.
All Nippon Airways Co., Ltd. (ANA), the largest domestic air carrier in Japan, and one of the largest in the world.......
All-India Trade Union Congress
All-India Trade Union Congress (AITUC), Indiaâs second largest trade union federation after the Indian National......
AlliedSignal
AlliedSignal, former American corporation that became a leading manufacturer of aerospace systems and components......
Alphabet, Inc.
Alphabet Inc. is an American technology conglomerate and holding company formed in 2015 as a strategic restructuring......
Altria Group
Altria Group, American holding company founded in 1985, the owner of several major American companies with interests......
Amalgamated Clothing and Textile Workers Union
Amalgamated Clothing and Textile Workers Union (ACTWU), former union of garment and apparel workers in the United......
Amalgamated Engineering and Electrical Union
Amalgamated Engineering and Electrical Union (AEEU), the leading trade union in the manufacturing sector of the......
Amazon.com
Amazon.com is a Seattle, Washingtonâbased e-commerce and cloud computing giant whose humble beginnings can be traced......
American Airlines
American Airlines is a major U.S. airline based in Fort Worth, Texas. It is the principal airline of American Airlines......
American Association of Retired Persons
American Association of Retired Persons (AARP), nonprofit, nonpartisan organization that works to address the needs......
American Broadcasting Company
American Broadcasting Company (ABC) is a major American television network that is a division of the Disney Company......
American Express
American Express is an American financial services company best known for its charge and credit cards. The company......
American Federation of Labor
American Federation of Labor (AFL), federation of North American labour unions that was founded in 1886 under the......
American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees
American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME), American union representing a wide variety......
American Federation of Teachers
American Federation of Teachers (AFT), U.S. trade union for classroom educators, school personnel, and public employees.......
American Fur Company
American Fur Company, enterprise incorporated in New York state (April 6, 1808) by John Jacob Astor, which dominated......
American Tobacco Company
American Tobacco Company, American industrial conglomerate that was once the worldâs largest cigarette maker. The......
Americaâs Best Comics
Americaâs Best Comics (ABC), American comic book imprint launched in 1999 by comic creator Alan Moore. An imprint......
Amoco Corporation
Amoco Corporation, former American oil company, one of the largest producers and marketers of petroleum products......
amortization
amortization, in finance, the systematic repayment of a debt; in accounting, the systematic writing off of some......
Amtrak
Amtrak, federally supported corporation that operates nearly all intercity passenger trains in the United States.......
amusement tax
amusement tax, impost on the general admission charges to recreational and entertainment events. The tax may be......
Anaconda Company
Anaconda Company, former American mining company, for much of the 20th century one of the largest mining companies......
Andean Community
Andean Community, South American organization founded to encourage industrial, agricultural, social, and trade......
Anduril Industries
Anduril Industries is an American defense technology company that designs, builds, and manufactures autonomous......
Anheuser-Busch Companies, LLC
Anheuser-Busch Companies, LLC is one of the largest brewers in the world, producing beer under the Budweiser, Bud......
Anheuser-Busch InBev
Anheuser-Busch InBev (AB InBev) is an international brewing company created by the 2008 merger of Anheuser-Busch......
Ansett Transport Industries Limited
Ansett Transport Industries Limited, former Australian conglomerate founded in 1936 (as Ansett Airways Proprietary......
Anthropic, PBC
Anthropic PBC is an artificial intelligence (AI) company headquartered in San Francisco. Founded in 2021 by former......
AOL
AOL was one of the largest Internet-access subscription service companies in the United States, introducing millions......
Apple Inc.
Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company that revolutionized the technology sector through its......
apprenticeship
apprenticeship, training in an art, trade, or craft under a legal agreement that defines the duration and conditions......
Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa
Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa, bank created by the Arab League summit conference in Algiers in November......
Arab Monetary Fund
Arab Monetary Fund, fund that aims to assist its participants, nearly all of the members of the Arab League, by......
ArcelorMittal
ArcelorMittal, steelmaking company that, when formed from the merger of the Arcelor and Mittal steel companies......
Armco Inc.
Armco Inc., American corporation first incorporated, as the American Rolling Mill Company, on Dec. 2, 1899. It......
Art Center College of Design
Art Center College of Design, private coeducational institution of higher learning in Pasadena, California, U.S.,......
Art market
Art market, physical or figurative venue in which art is bought and sold. At its most basic, an art market requires......
- Introduction
- Renaissance, Collectors, Auctions
- Renaissance, Collectors, Auctioneers
- Rome, Renaissance, Collectors
- 18th Century, Europe, Auction Houses
- London, Globalization, Investment
- Antiques, Collectors, Investment
- Auction, Investment, Collecting
- 20th Century, Globalization, Investment
- Globalization, Investment, Collectors
- Investment, Value, Appreciation
Arthur Andersen
Arthur Andersen, Arthur Andersen LLP was one of the largest public accounting firms in the 1990s, with more than......
Asian Development Bank
Asian Development Bank (ADB), organization that provides loans and equity investments for development projects......
asiento de negros
asiento de negros, between the early 16th and the mid-18th century, an agreement between the Spanish crown and......
assessment
assessment, process of setting a value on real or personal property, usually for the purpose of taxation. In most......
asset
An asset is a resourceâwhether physical or intangibleâthat has earning power or some economic value. Assets owned......