Banking & Business, FEA-GMB
From central banks and credit systems to startups and sprawling corporations, banking and business shape how capital is raised, risk is managed, and economies grow.
Banking & Business Encyclopedia Articles By Title
featherbedding
featherbedding, labour union practices that require the employer to pay for the performance of what he considers......
federal funds rate
federal funds rate, interest rate used for overnight interbank lending in the United States. It is also the interest......
Federal Reserve System
Federal Reserve System, central banking authority of the United States. It acts as a fiscal agent for the U.S.......
Federal Trade Commission
The Federal Trade Commission is an independent agency of the U.S. federal government charged with preventing unfair......
Federal Trade Commission Act
Federal Trade Commission Act (FTCA), federal legislation that was adopted in the United States in 1914 to create......
Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry
Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI), association of Indian business organizations, dedicated......
Federation of Labour Exchanges
Federation of Labour Exchanges, federation of French workersâ organizations (bourses) established in 1892. The......
FedEx Corp.
FedEx Corp. is a global leader in transportation, e-commerce, and logistics; the company started by introducing......
Fendi
Fendi, Italian luxury fashion house founded in Rome in 1925 and known for its fur, leather goods, and fashion.......
Ferrero Group
Ferrero is a private multinational manufacturer of branded chocolate and confectionery products. Founded and headquartered......
Ferrovie dello Stato
Ferrovie dello Stato (FS), largest railway system of Italy. FS operates lines on the mainland and also on the islands......
Fiat
Fiat, major Italian manufacturer of automobiles that is a subsidiary of the multinational automobile manufacturer......
fiat money
fiat money, in a broad sense, all kinds of money that are made legal tender by a government decree or fiat. The......
Fidelity Investments
Fidelity Investments is one of the largest asset managers in the United States. Headquartered in Boston, it is......
Fileneâs
Fileneâs, a Boston department store that pioneered a number of retailing innovations. It was founded in 1881 by......
finance
finance, the process of raising funds or capital for any kind of expenditure. Consumers, business firms, and governments......
finance company
finance company, specialized financial institution that supplies credit for the purchase of consumer goods and......
Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA)
Financial markets move fast and often involve complicated financial products, which makes oversight and investor......
Financial literacy: Making sense of money, credit, and debt
The term financial literacy is often thought of as simply being good with money. But itâs more than ending the......
financial market
financial market, arena in which prices form to enable the exchange of financial assets to be executed. Given the......
financial statement
financial statement, any report of the financial condition or of the financial results of the operations of a business,......
Financial Times
Financial Times, newspaper edited in London that traditionally had strong influence on the financial policies of......
FINCA International
FINCA International, nongovernmental organization (NGO) that provides financial services for the worldâs poorest......
fire insurance
fire insurance, provision against losses caused by fire, lightning, and the removal of property from premises endangered......
First Bank System, Inc.
First Bank System, Inc., American bank holding company. Its major subsidiary is the First National Bank of Minneapolis.......
First Interstate Bancorp
First Interstate Bancorp, once one of the largest American multibank holding corporations. The corporation was......
First National Bank of Boston
First National Bank of Boston, major American commercial bank with branch and representative offices in the United......
First National Bank of Chicago
First National Bank of Chicago, major American commercial bank formed in 1863, leading subsidiary of First Chicago......
First National Bank of Minneapolis
First National Bank of Minneapolis, major U.S. commercial bank founded in 1864, now the main subsidiary of First......
FirstCity
FirstCity (FCFC), American financial-services company founded in 1950 as the bank holding company First City Bancorporation......
fiscal crisis
fiscal crisis, inability of the state to bridge a deficit between its expenditures and its tax revenues. Fiscal......
fiscal federalism
fiscal federalism, financial relations between units of governments in a federal government system. Fiscal federalism......
fiscal year
fiscal year (FY), in finance and government, an annual accounting period for which an institutionâs financial statements......
flat tax
flat tax, a tax system that applies a single tax rate to all levels of income. It has been proposed as a replacement......
Flea market
Flea market, event where vendors sell used and antique goods. Flea markets often take place outside or in large......
Flick Group
Flick Group, former diversified industrial and manufacturing company founded in Germany in the early 1920s by Friedrich......
flowchart
flowchart, graphical representation of a process, such as a manufacturing operation or computer operation, indicating......
food desert
food desert, an impoverished area where residents lack access to healthy foods. Food deserts may exist in rural......
Forbes
Forbes, American business magazine owned by Forbes, Inc. Published biweekly, it features original articles on finance,......
forced labour
forced labour, labour performed involuntarily and under duress, usually by relatively large groups of people. Forced......
Ford Motor Company
Ford Motor Company is an American automotive corporation that was founded in 1903 by Henry Ford and 11 associate......
foreign exchange market
foreign exchange market (forex, or FX, market), institution for the exchange of one countryâs currency with that......
foreign workers
foreign workers, Those who work in a foreign country without initially intending to settle there and without the......
forint
forint, monetary unit of Hungary. The Hungarian National Bank (Magyar Nezmeti Bank), which has the sole authority......
Form 1099-DIV: Dividends and Distributions
If you received more than $10 in dividends or capital gain distributions during the tax year, your brokerage, mutual......
Form 1099-G: Certain Government Payments
If you received payments from a federal, state, or local government agency during the tax year, you may receive......
Form 1099-INT: Interest Income
If you earned more than $10 in interest during the tax year, your bank, credit union, brokerage, or other financial......
Form 1099-K: Payment Card and Third-Party Network Transactions
If you received payments for goods or services through credit cards, debit cards, payment apps, or online marketplaces......
Form 1099-MISC: Miscellaneous Information
If you received payments that arenât reported on other Forms 1099, you may receive Form 1099-MISC. Businesses and......
Form 1099-NEC: Nonemployee Compensation
If you provide services to a business as an independent contractor rather than an employee, the money you earn......
Form 1099-R: Retirement Plan Distributions
If you received money from a pension plan, annuity, individual retirement account (IRA), 401(k), or other retirement......
Form 1099-S: Real Estate Transactions
If you sold real estate or exchanged property during the tax year, you may receive Form 1099-S, one of several......
Fortnum & Mason
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Fortune
Fortune is an American business magazine, known for its in-depth reporting and for its annual ranking of Americaâs......
Fortune 500
Fortune 500, annual list published by Fortune magazine ranking 500 of the largest companies incorporated and operated......
Fortune Brands, Inc.
Fortune Brands, Inc., U.S. industrial conglomerate headquartered in Deerfield, Ill. Its corporate history began......
Fox Broadcasting Company
Fox Broadcasting Company is an American television broadcasting company founded in 1986 by media magnate Rupert......
Fox Corporation
Fox Corporation is an American mass media company formed in 2019 after The Walt Disney Company acquired most of......
Fox News Channel
Fox News Channel, American cable television news and political commentary channel launched in 1996. The network......
Foxconn
Foxconn is one of the worldâs largest electronics contract manufacturing companies, known for making such devices......
franc
franc, originally a French coin but now the monetary unit of a number of countries, notably Switzerland, most French......
France, Banque de
Banque de France, national bank of France, created in 1800 to restore confidence in the French banking system after......
Freddie Mac
Freddie Mac (FHLMC), federally chartered private corporation created by the U.S. Congress in 1970 to provide continuous......
free market
free market, an unregulated system of economic exchange, in which taxes, quality controls, quotas, tariffs, and......
free trade
Free trade is a policy by which a government does not discriminate against imports or interfere with exports by......
free-trade zone
free-trade zone, an area within which goods may be landed, handled, manufactured or reconfigured, and reexported......
Freedmanâs Bank
Freedmanâs Bank, bank chartered by the U.S. Congress in March 1865 to provide a place for formerly enslaved people......
Freier Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund
Freier Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (FDGB), East German trade union federation. Controlled by the Socialist Unity......
French Confederation of Christian Workers
French Confederation of Christian Workers, French labour-union federation that was founded in 1919 by Roman Catholic......
French Democratic Confederation of Labour
French Democratic Confederation of Labour, French trade union federation that evolved from the French Confederation......
French East India Company
French East India Company, any of the French trading companies established in the 17th and 18th centuries to oversee......
Frescobaldi Family
Frescobaldi Family, family of medieval bankers who were prominent in Florentine business and politics and who financed......
friendly society
friendly society, mutual-aid organization formed voluntarily by individuals to protect members against debts incurred......
fringe benefit
fringe benefit, any nonwage payment or benefit (e.g., pension plans, profit-sharing programs, vacation pay, and......
Fruehauf Trailer Corporation
Fruehauf Trailer Corporation, American corporation engaged in the manufacture and sale of truck trailers. Headquarters......
Fugger family
Fugger family, German mercantile and banking dynasty that dominated European business during the 15th and 16th......
Fuji Bank
Fuji Bank, former Japanese bank, and one of Japanâs largest commercial banks, that had built a network of offices,......
Fujitsu Limited
Fujitsu Limited, Japanese electronics, computers, information technology, and telecommunications company, with......
futures
futures, commercial contract calling for the purchase or sale of specified quantities of a commodity at specified......
gabelle
gabelle, form of tax in France before the Revolution of 1789âin particular, from the 15th century onward, the tax......
Gannett Co., Inc.
Gannett Co., Inc., one of the largest newspaper publishers in the United States, with interests in newspaper Web......
Gender Pay Gap Across the United States
The infographic contains a bar graph showing what a woman in each U.S. state, Washington, D.C., and the country......
gender wage gap
gender wage gap, in many industrialized countries, systemic differences between the average wages or salaries of......
General Confederation of Labour
General Confederation of Labour, French labour union federation. Formed in 1895, the CGT united in 1902 with the......
General Confederation of Labour
General Confederation of Labour, major labour-union federation in Argentina. The CGT was formed in 1930. Its leadership......
General Confederation of LabourâWorkersâ Force
General Confederation of LabourâWorkersâ Force, French labour-union federation that is most influential among white-collar......
General Dynamics Corp.
General Dynamics Corp., major American defense contractor. The companyâs headquarters are in Falls Church, Va.......
General Electric
General Electric Company (GE) is a multinational conglomerate headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts, that was......
General Foods Corporation
General Foods Corporation, former American manufacturer of packaged grocery and meat products. Since 1989, General......
General Italian Confederation of Labour
General Italian Confederation of Labour , Italyâs largest trade-union federation. It was organized in Rome in 1944......
General Mills, Inc.
General Mills, Inc., leading American producer of packaged consumer foods, especially flour, breakfast cereals,......
General Motors
General Motors is an American corporation that was the worldâs largest motor-vehicle manufacturer for much of the......
general store
general store, retail store in a small town or rural community that carries a wide variety of goods, including......
general strike
general strike, the stoppage of work by a substantial proportion of workers in a range of industries in an organized......
Geographical indication
Geographical indication, sign designating a product derived from a specific geographic area and often denoting......
George Philip and Son
George Philip and Son, British publishing house, one of the oldest in the United Kingdom, located in London. The......
German Salaried Employeesâ Union
German Salaried Employeesâ Union, white-collar labour organization in Germany. The DAG was organized in 1945, shortly......
German Trade Union Federation
German Trade Union Federation, dominant union organization in Germany. The DGB was founded in Munich in 1949 and......
gift tax
gift tax, a levy imposed on gratuitous transfers of propertyâi.e., those made without compensation. Provisions......
GMB
GMB, one of the largest trade unions in Great Britain and one of the two giant general unions (the other being......