Banking & Business, SEC-SUN
From central banks and credit systems to startups and sprawling corporations, banking and business shape how capital is raised, risk is managed, and economies grow.
Banking & Business Encyclopedia Articles By Title
securitization
securitization, the practice of pooling together various types of debt instruments (assets) such as mortgages and......
security
security, in business economics, written evidence of ownership conferring the right to receive property not currently......
Sega Corporation
Sega Corporation, software and hardware company created in the United Statesâbut now based in Japanâthat developed......
seigniorage
seigniorage, the charge over and above the expenses of coinage (making into coins) that is deducted from the bullion......
Self-Employed Womenâs Association
Self-Employed Womenâs Association (SEWA), trade union based in India that organized women for informal employment......
Selfridges
Selfridges, department store located in Birmingham, England, that was designed by the architecture firm Future......
serfdom
serfdom, condition in medieval Europe in which a tenant farmer was bound to a hereditary plot of land and to the......
serial bond
serial bond, in finance, bond in an issue for which the maturity dates are spread over a period of years so that......
ServiceMaster Company, The
The ServiceMaster Company, American holding company specializing in home and commercial services such as lawn care......
SGI
SGI, former American manufacturer of high-performance computer workstations, supercomputers, and advanced graphics......
Shakespeare and Company
Shakespeare and Company, bookstore that was established on the Left Bank in Paris in 1919 by Sylvia Beach. In addition......
Shell PLC
Shell PLC is a publicly traded global energy and petrochemical company with operations in more than 70 countries......
sheqel
sheqel, monetary unit of Israel. The sheqel (plural: sheqalim) is divided into 100 agorot. Israelâs current monetary......
shift work
shift work, arrangement of working hours that differs from the standard daylight working hours (i.e., 8:00 am to......
shilling
shilling, former English and British coin, nominally valued at one-twentieth of a pound sterling, or 12 pence.......
ShintĆhĆ Motion Picture Company
ShintĆhĆ Motion Picture Company, Japanese motion-picture studio that was known for its production of war films......
ship money
ship money, in British history, a nonparliamentary tax first levied in medieval times by the English crown on coastal......
shopping centre
shopping centre, 20th-century adaptation of the historical marketplace, with accommodation made for automobiles.......
ShĆchiku Co., Ltd.
ShĆchiku Co., Ltd., leading Japanese motion-picture studio, the films of which are usually home-centred dramas......
Siemens AG
...
sign
sign, in marketing and advertising, device placed on or before a premises to identify its occupant and the nature......
Signal Companies, Inc., The
The Signal Companies, Inc., former American conglomerate corporation engaged mostly in automotive and aerospace......
silent trade
silent trade, specialized form of barter in which goods are exchanged without any direct contact between the traders.......
Silk Road
Silk Road, ancient trade route, linking China with the West, that carried goods and ideas between the two great......
silver standard
silver standard, monetary standard under which the basic unit of currency is defined as a stated quantity of silver......
Silver Thursday
Silver Thursday, dramatic fall in the price of silver on March 27, 1980, following an attempt to corner the market......
Sinclair, Inc.
Sinclair, Inc. (SBGI), commonly known as Sinclair Broadcast Group, is an American telecommunications conglomerate......
Singer Company
...
single tax
single tax, originally a tax upon land values proposed as the sole source of government revenues, intended to replace......
sinking fund
sinking fund, fund accumulated and set aside by a corporation or government agency for the purpose of periodically......
SK Group
SK Group is a South Korean multinational conglomerate that operates more than 150 companies in industries including......
SKU
SKU, a code number, typically used as a machine-readable bar code, assigned to a single item of inventory. As part......
Sky News
Sky News, British satellite, broadcast, and streaming news service that is owned by the British media and telecommunications......
Skydance Corporation
Skydance Corporation is a U.S.-based media and entertainment company that owns film and television studios, streaming......
slave trade
slave trade, the capturing, selling, and buying of enslaved persons. Slavery has existed throughout the world since......
slavery
slavery, condition in which one human being was owned by another. A slave was considered by law as property, or......
- Introduction
- African, Colonial, Abolition
- Forced Labor, Oppression, Inequality
- Colonialism, Abolition, Resistance
- Transatlantic, Abolition, Trafficking
- Abolition, Resistance, Emancipation
- Legal, Social, Economic
- Master-Slave, Legal, Relationships
- Family, Property, Ownership
- Manumission, Abolition, Laws
- Forced Labor, Abolition, Resistance
- Plantation, Labor, Coercion
- Resistance, Abolition, Protest
- African Heritage, Resistance, Legacy
Smith & Wesson
...
so
so, in early Japan, a land tax levied by the central government per unit of allotted land. It was introduced during......
Social entrepreneurship
The goal of most businesses is to make money, but social entrepreneurs have another goal as well: to address a......
Social Gospel
Social Gospel, religious social reform movement prominent in the United States from about 1870 to 1920. Advocates......
social insurance
social insurance, public insurance program that provides protection against various economic risks (e.g., loss......
Société Générale
Société Générale, major French commercial bank operating a general-banking and foreign-exchange business worldwide.......
Société Nationale des Chemins de Fer Français
Société Nationale des Chemins de Fer Français (SNCF), state-owned railroad system of France, formed in 1938. The......
soft skills
soft skills, nontechnical and non-industry-specific skills applicable to a wide range of tasks across many roles......
SoftBank Group
SoftBank Group Corp. is a Tokyo-based multinational investment holding company that was founded in 1981 by Son......
sole proprietorship
A sole proprietorship is the most common and simplest form of business ownership. You own and run the business......
Solidarity
Solidarity, Polish trade union that in the early 1980s became the first independent labour union in a country belonging......
Sony
Sony, major Japanese manufacturer of consumer electronics products whose diverse activities have included films,......
Sothebyâs
Sothebyâs, one of the worldâs leading auction firms, founded in London in 1744. It originally handled sales of......
SoundCloud
SoundCloud, music streaming service where users upload and promote their own music and audio content. SoundCloud......
South Sea Bubble
South Sea Bubble, the speculation mania that ruined many British investors in 1720. The bubble, or hoax, centred......
Southern Overland Mail Company
Southern Overland Mail Company, organization awarded (1858) the U.S. government contract to deliver mail to the......
Southern Pacific Railroad
Southern Pacific Railroad, one of the great American railroad systems, established in 1861 by the âbig fourâ of......
Southern Railway Company
Southern Railway Company was a railroad system in the southern United States that incorporated almost 150 prior......
Southern Student Organizing Committee
Southern Student Organizing Committee (SSOC), organization of students from predominantly white colleges and universities......
Southwest Airlines Co.
Southwest Airlines Co., American airline founded by Herbert Kelleher and Rollin King in 1966 and incorporated in......
Sovereign wealth funds: How nations invest for the future
A sovereign wealth fund (SWF) is a state-owned investment fund that governments use to invest surplus revenues......
spam
spam, unsolicited electronic messages sent to large groups of people. Although e-mail is the most common means......
special economic zone
special economic zone (SEZ), any of several localities in which foreign and domestic trade and investment are conducted......
Specialty Records: Little Richard, Lloyd Price, and a Los Angeles Label
Art Rupe, a graduate of the University of California, Los Angeles, started out by recording local black artists......
Specie Circular
Specie Circular, (July 11, 1836), in U.S. history, an executive order issued by President Andrew Jackson requiring......
specie payment
specie payment, the redemption of U.S. paper money by banks or the Treasury in metallic (usually gold) coin. (Read......
spice trade
spice trade, the cultivation, preparation, transport, and merchandising of spices and herbs, an enterprise of ancient......
sportswashing
sportswashing, the use of an athletic event by an individual or a government, a corporation, or another group to......
spot price
Spot price is the current price at which you can buy or sell an asset for immediate delivery and settlement. Also......
Spotify
Spotify is an audio streaming service that offers users access to music tracks, podcasts, and other media through......
Square Deal
Square Deal , description by U.S. Pres. Theodore Roosevelt (served 1901â09) of his personal approach to current......
Stamp Act
Stamp Act, (1765), in U.S. colonial history, first British parliamentary attempt to raise revenue through direct......
Standard Oil
Standard Oil was an American company and corporate trust that from 1870 to 1911 was the industrial empire of John......
Starbucks
Starbucks is an American company that operates the largest coffeehouse chain and one of the most recognizable brands......
start-up company
start-up company, a business at the initial stages of its life cycle. It is typically characterized by an innovative......
State Bank of India
State Bank of India (SBI), state-owned commercial bank and financial services company, nationalized by the Indian......
statute labour
statute labour, unpaid work on public projects that is required by law. Under the Roman Empire, certain classes......
Stax Records
Founded in Memphis, Tennessee, in 1960 by country music fiddle player Jim Stewart and his sister Estelle Axton,......
Stellantis
Stellantis is a multinational automotive company formed in 2021 by the merger of Fiat Chrysler and PSA Group (known......
sterling area
sterling area, formerly, a group of countries that kept most of their exchange reserves at the Bank of England......
Steuben Glass Company
Steuben Glass Company, glassworks founded in 1903 by T.G. Hawkes and Frederick Carder at Corning, New York. It......
Stiff Records: Do-It-Yourself Daring
Independent labels have given voice to music otherwise ignored or rebuffed by the major labels. Stiff was set up......
stock
In finance, stock is the subscribed capital of a corporation or limited-liability company (LLC), usually divided......
stock exchange
stock exchange, organized market for the sale and purchase of securities such as shares, stocks, and bonds. In......
stock option
A stock option is a contract that enables the holder to buy or sell a security at a designated price (called the......
StockX
StockX is an online marketplace and resale platform founded in 2015 as an e-commerce site for die-hard sneaker......
strategic planning
strategic planning, disciplined effort to produce decisions and actions that shape and guide an organizationâs......
Straus family
Straus family, Jewish American immigrant family whose members prospered as owners of Macyâs department store in......
strike
strike, collective refusal by employees to work under the conditions required by employers. Strikes arise for a......
Structuralism
Structuralism is a school of economic thought originating in Latin America in the 1950s that sought to understand......
Studio Ghibli
Studio Ghibli is an acclaimed Japanese animation film studio that was founded in 1985 by animators and directors......
Subsidiary
A subsidiary is a company owned or controlled by another business firm, known as a parent company or holding company.......
Subway
Subway is a restaurant chain specializing in made-to-order âsubmarineâ sandwichesâsplit Italian rolls filled with......
Succession plan
Whoâs going to run things after youâre goneâor if something happens to you? Thatâs the question a succession plan......
Sugar Act
Sugar Act, (1764), in U.S. colonial history, British legislation aimed at ending the smuggling trade in sugar and......
Sugar Hill Records: âRapperâs Delightâ
Launched in 1979 by industry veterans Sylvia and Joe Robinson as a label for rap music (at that time a new genre),......
Sukhoi
Sukhoi, Russian aerospace design bureau that is the countryâs second most important producer of military aircraft......
Sumitomo Group
Sumitomo Group, a keiretsu (consortium) of independent Japanese companies that were created out of the giant, family-owned......
Sun Microsystems
Sun Microsystems, former American manufacturer of computer workstations, servers, and software. In 2010 the company......
Sun Records: Sam Phillipsâs Memphis Recording Service
Former radio engineer Sam Phillips opened the Memphis Recording Service at 706 Union Avenue in 1950. Among his......
Sunoco, Inc.
Sunoco, Inc., American petroleum company primarily focused on refining and distributing oil in the United States.......