Banking & Business, DEP-FAS
From central banks and credit systems to startups and sprawling corporations, banking and business shape how capital is raised, risk is managed, and economies grow.
Banking & Business Encyclopedia Articles By Title
deposit insurance
deposit insurance, special type of insurance, under which depositors are guaranteed against loss in the event of......
depreciation
depreciation, in accounting, the allocation of the cost of an asset over its economic life. Depreciation covers......
derivatives
In finance, a derivative is a security whose value is derived from, or dependent upon, the value of another security.......
Deutsche Bahn AG
Deutsche Bahn AG, the railway system of Germany created in 1994 by the merger of the Deutsche Bundesbahn (German......
Deutsche Bank AG
Deutsche Bank AG, German banking house founded in 1870 in Berlin and headquartered since 1957 in Frankfurt am Main.......
Deutsche Welle
Deutsche Welle is a German news and information broadcaster focused on the international market. It broadcasts......
devaluation
devaluation, reduction in the exchange value of a countryâs monetary unit in terms of gold, silver, or foreign......
development bank
development bank, national or regional financial institution designed to provide medium- and long-term capital......
Diageo
Diageo PLC may not be a name thatâs as recognizable as those of its brands, but its products are everywhere. The......
Did Lucille Times Boycott Buses Before Rosa Parks?
On December 1, 1955, 42-year-old Rosa Parks, an African American woman, refused to surrender her seat to a white......
Digital Equipment Corporation
Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), American manufacturer that created a new line of low-cost computers, known......
dinar
dinar, monetary unit used in several Middle Eastern countries, including Algeria, Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait,......
discount rate
discount rate, interest rate charged by a central bank for loans of reserve funds to commercial banks and other......
discount store
discount store, in merchandising, a retail store that sells products at prices lower than those asked by traditional......
Disney Company
Walt Disney Company is an American corporation best known as a purveyor of family entertainment. During the 20th......
dividend
dividend, an individual share of earnings distributed among stockholders of a corporation or company in proportion......
Dolce & Gabbana
...
dollar
dollar, originally, a silver coin that circulated in many European countries; in modern times, the name of the......
dollar sign
dollar sign, $, symbol that represents the dollar, the name of the standard monetary unit used in the United States,......
Doordarshan
Doordarshan (DD), Indiaâs public service television broadcaster, founded by the government in 1959. The word Doordarshan,......
double taxation
double taxation, in economics, situation in which the same financial assets or earnings are subject to taxation......
Dow, Inc.
Dow Inc. (formerly Dow Chemical Company) is an American chemical and plastics manufacturer that is one of the worldâs......
drachma
drachma, silver coin of ancient Greece, dating from about the mid-6th century bc, and the former monetary unit......
DreamWorks Animation
DreamWorks Animation, American entertainment company producing animated feature films, original TV series and shorts,......
Dresdner Bank AG
Dresdner Bank AG, commercial bank based in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, with operations in more than 70 countries.......
dropshipping
dropshipping, an e-commerce business model in which the vendor does not hold the product inventory but serves as......
DSM
DSM, state-owned Dutch chemical company. Until 1975 the company was known as DSM NV Nederlandse Staatsmijnen (the......
due diligence
due diligence, a standard of vigilance, attentiveness, and care often exercised in various professional and societal......
Duke and Peacock Records
A decade before the ascendance of Motown, Houstonâs Duke and Peacock record labels flourished as an African-American-owned......
DuMont Television Network
The DuMont Television Network was an American television network of the 1940s and â50s, established in 1946 by......
Dunlop Holdings PLC
Dunlop Holdings PLC, subsidiary company of BTR PLC, and the major British manufacturer of tires and other rubber......
DuPont Company
DuPont Company, American corporation engaged primarily in biotechnology and the manufacture of chemicals and pharmaceuticals.......
Dutch East India Company
Dutch East India Company, trading company founded in the Dutch Republic (present-day Netherlands) in 1602 to protect......
Dutch West India Company
Dutch West India Company, Dutch trading company, founded in 1621 mainly to carry on economic warfare against Spain......
DĆmei
DĆmei, Japanâs second largest labour union federation until it disbanded in 1987. DĆmei was formed in 1964 by a......
e-commerce
e-commerce, maintaining relationships and conducting business transactions that include selling information, services,......
Ealing Studios
Ealing Studios, English motion-picture studio, internationally remembered for a series of witty comedies that reflected......
East India Company
East India Company, English company formed for the exploitation of trade with East and Southeast Asia and India,......
Eastern Air Lines, Inc.
Eastern Air Lines, Inc., former American airline that served the northeastern and southeastern United States. Founded......
Eastman Kodak Company
Eastman Kodak Company (KODK) is an American manufacturer of film and photographic supplies and provider of digital......
eBay
eBay Inc. is a global online marketplace founded by American entrepreneur Pierre Omidyar in 1995. Auctions constitute......
EBITDA
EBITDA is an acronym that stands for earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization. By removing......
economic integration
economic integration, process in which two or more states in a broadly defined geographic area reduce a range of......
Economist, The
The Economist, weekly magazine of news and opinion published in London and generally regarded as one of the worldâs......
ecu
ecu, a notional unit of exchange, conceived in 1979, based on a âbasket,â or weighted combination, of the currencies......
eHarmony
eHarmony, American company providing online personal-relationship and matchmaking services. Founded in 2000 by......
El Al Israel Airlines
El Al Israel Airlines, Israeli airline founded by Israel in November 1948 after the establishment of the new nation.......
Electronic Arts
...
electronic banking
Electronic banking is the use of computers, phones, and other technologies to facilitate banking transactions rather......
electronic product environmental assessment tool
electronic product environmental assessment tool (EPEAT), online evaluation and procurement tool that helps consumers......
Elektra Records: Village Folk to âRiders on the Stormâ
Formed in 1950 by Jac Holzman, who initially ran it from his dormitory at St. Johnâs College, in Annapolis, Maryland,......
Elf Aquitaine
Elf Aquitaine, former French petroleum and natural resources group that was acquired by Totalfina in 2000 to create......
Eli Lilly and Company
Eli Lilly and Company is one of the worldâs largest pharmaceutical companies. Among its best-known products are......
employee association
employee association, in U.S. private industry, an organization of employees that is concerned primarily with welfare......
employee training
employee training, vocational instruction for employed persons. During and after World War II, in-service training......
employment agency
employment agency, an organization to help workers find employment and employers find workers. Employment agencies......
Endesa
Endesa, Spanish energy company that is one of the largest private conglomerates in the world. Headquarters are......
Energia
Energia, Russian aerospace company that is a major producer of spacecraft, launch vehicles, rocket stages, and......
England, Bank of
Bank of England, the central bank of the United Kingdom. Its headquarters are in the central financial district......
Eni
Eni, Italian energy company operating primarily in petroleum, natural gas, and petrochemicals. Established in 1953,......
enterprise unionism
enterprise unionism, the organization of a single trade union within one plant or multiplant enterprise rather......
entrepreneurship
entrepreneurship, the state of being an entrepreneur, or a person who organizes, manages, and assumes the risk......
Erie Railroad Company
Erie Railroad Company, U.S. railroad running between New York City, Buffalo, and Chicago, through the southern......
escalator clause
escalator clause, provision in union or business contracts for automatic adjustment of wages or prices in proportion......
ESPN, Inc.
ESPN, Inc., cable television sports-broadcasting network based in Bristol, Conn. It was launched in 1979 and is......
Estate tax
An estate tax is a levy on the value of property changing hands at the death of the ownerâsuch as cash, investments,......
Etsy
Etsy, American e-commerce company, founded in 2005 by entrepreneur Rob Kalin and partners Chris Maguire and Haim......
Eureka
Eureka, cooperative organization inaugurated in 1985 by 18 European countries and formally established with a secretariat......
euro
The euro is the monetary unit and currency of the European Union (EU). It was introduced as a noncash monetary......
euro sign
euro sign, âŹ, symbol for the euro, the official currency of the European Union and several areas outside the EU,......
Eurodollar
Eurodollar, a United States dollar that has been deposited outside the United States, especially in Europe. Foreign......
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), organization established in 1991 to develop a private......
European Central Bank
European Central Bank (ECB), central banking authority of the euro zone, which consists of the 19 European Union......
European Free Trade Association
European Free Trade Association (EFTA), group of four countriesâIceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerlandâorganized......
European Union
European Union (EU), international organization comprising 27 European countries and governing common economic,......
excess-profits tax
excess-profits tax, a tax levied on profits in excess of a stipulated standard of ânormalâ income. There are two......
exchange control
exchange control, governmental restrictions on private transactions in foreign exchange (foreign money or claims......
exchange rate
exchange rate, the price of a countryâs money in relation to another countryâs money. An exchange rate is âfixedâ......
exchange, bill of
bill of exchange, short-term negotiable financial instrument consisting of an order in writing addressed by one......
Exchequer
Exchequer, in British history, the government department that was responsible for receiving and dispersing the......
exit interview
exit interview, typically a survey given by an employer to a departing employee, though exit interviews can also......
expenditure tax
expenditure tax, tax levied on the total consumption expenditure of an individual. It may be a proportional or......
Export-Import Bank of Japan
Export-Import Bank of Japan, one of the principal government-funded Japanese financial institutions, which provides......
Export-Import Bank of the United States
Export-Import Bank of the United States, one of the principal agencies of the U.S. government in international......
extrinsic value
In options trading, extrinsic valueâalso called time valueâis the current market value of uncertainty in the option......
Exxon Corporation
Exxon was an American oil and natural resources company that merged with Mobil Corporation in 1999 to form Exxon......
ExxonMobil Holdings Corporation
ExxonMobil Holdings Corporation is an American oil and gas company and the publicly traded parent of Exxon Mobil......
Facebook
Facebook, American online social media platform and social network service that is part of the company Meta Platforms.......
Facebook: At a Glance
Facebook is a social media platform owned by Meta Platforms. It was founded in 2004 by Harvard University students......
factoring
factoring, in finance, the selling of accounts receivable on a contract basis by the business holding themâin order......
Factory Records: Manchesterâs 24-Hour Party People
Factory Records emerged in the punk moment of the late 1970s and was the heart of Manchesterâs music scene until......
fair
fair, temporary market where buyers and sellers gather to transact business. A fair is held at regular intervals,......
fair trade
fair trade, global movement to improve the lives of farmers and workers in developing countries by ensuring that......
Fairchild Semiconductor
Fairchild Semiconductor, former American electronics company that shares credit with Texas Instruments Incorporated......
Fannie Mae
Fannie Mae (FNMA), federally chartered private corporation created as a federal agency by the U.S. Congress in......
Fantasy Records: Cosmoâs Factory
Fantasy was founded as a jazz label in San Francisco in 1949 by brothers Sol and Max Weiss. Their artists included......
Far Eastern Economic Review
Far Eastern Economic Review, former weekly newsmagazine covering general, political, and business and financial......
fascio siciliano
fascio siciliano, any of the organizations of workers and peasants founded in Sicily in the early 1890s, reflecting......