Banking & Business, MIG-NRW
From central banks and credit systems to startups and sprawling corporations, banking and business shape how capital is raised, risk is managed, and economies grow.
Banking & Business Encyclopedia Articles By Title
migrant labour
migrant labour, casual and unskilled workers who move about systematically from one region to another offering......
MillerCoors
MillerCoors, American brewing company formed in 2008 through the merger of SABMiller PLC and Molson Coors. In addition......
minimum wage
Minimum wage laws and collective bargaining agreements establish the lowest hourly pay workers can receive, setting......
mint
mint, in economics, a place where coins are made according to exact compositions, weights, dimensions, and tolerances,......
mise
mise, in medieval England, any outlay of money and in particular the payment of taxation. The mise rolls (rotuli......
Mississippi Bubble
Mississippi Bubble, a financial scheme in 18th-century France that triggered a speculative frenzy and ended in......
Missouri Pacific Railroad Company
Missouri Pacific Railroad Company, former American railroad founded to build the first rail line west of the Mississippi......
Mitsubishi Group
Mitsubishi Group, loose consortium of independent Japanese companies that were created out of the giant, family-owned......
Mitsubishi Tokyo Financial Group
Mitsubishi Tokyo Financial Group, major Japanese banking and financial institution, headquartered in Tokyo, that......
Mitsui Group
Mitsui Group, loose consortium of independent Japanese companies that were created out of the giant, family-owned......
Mixue
Mixue Bingcheng, commonly known as Mixue, is a Chinese fast-food company specializing in ice cream, tea-based drinks,......
Mizuho Financial Group, Inc.
Mizuho Financial Group, Inc., Japanese bank holding company, one of the largest in the world in terms of assets,......
Mobil Corporation
Mobil is a former American petroleum and chemical company that merged with Exxon in 1999 to form Exxon Mobil Corporation.......
Moderna, Inc.
Moderna, Inc. is a biotechnology company specializing in messenger RNA (mRNA) medicines and is known for developing......
Molasses Act
Molasses Act, (1733), in American colonial history, a British law that imposed a tax on molasses, sugar, and rum......
Molly Maguires
Molly Maguires, secret organization of coal miners supposedly responsible for acts of terrorism in the coalfields......
MondelÄz International
MondelÄz International is an American global snack manufacturer spun off from Kraft Foods in 2012. A leader in......
monetary policy
monetary policy, measures employed by governments to influence economic activity, specifically by manipulating......
monetary union
monetary union, agreement between two or more states creating a single currency area. A monetary union involves......
money
money, a commodity accepted by general consent as a medium of economic exchange. It is the medium in which prices......
money market
money market, a set of institutions, conventions, and practices, the aim of which is to facilitate the lending......
money order
money order, order on the issuer to pay a certain sum of money upon demand to the person named in the money order.......
Money supply
Money supply is the total amount of spendable funds available in a countryâs economy. This typically refers to......
Monsanto
Monsanto was an American corporation and a leading producer of chemical, agricultural, and biochemical products.......
Monster
Monster, American online employee-recruitment company, with headquarters in Maynard, Mass., and New York, N.Y.......
Monument Records: Roy Orbisonâs Musical Landmarks
Roy Orbisonâs sequence of nine Top Ten hits for Monument Recordsâfrom âOnly the Lonelyâ in 1960 to âOh, Pretty......
Morgan Stanley
Morgan Stanley is a legacy American financial institution founded in 1935 and headquartered in New York City. The......
mortgage-backed security
mortgage-backed security (MBS), a financial instrument created by securitizing a pool of mortgage loans. Typically,......
most-favoured-nation treatment
most-favoured-nation treatment (MFN), guarantee of trading opportunity equal to that accorded to the most-favoured......
Motion Picture Patents Company
Motion Picture Patents Company, trust of 10 film producers and distributors who attempted to gain complete control......
motor vehicle insurance
motor vehicle insurance, a contract by which the insurer assumes the risk of any loss the owner or operator of......
Motorola, Inc.
Motorola, Inc., American manufacturer and one of the historic brands of wireless communications and electronic......
Motown
Motown, recording company founded by Berry Gordy, Jr., in Detroit in January 1959 that became one of the most successful......
MS NOW
MS NOW is an American cable television news and political commentary channel launched in 1996 as MSNBC. MS NOW......
MTV
The Bugglesâ âVideo Killed the Radio Star,â the first music video broadcast on MTV (Music TeleVision) when it debuted......
MTV
MTV is a cable television network that began as a 24-hour channel for music videos. SKYD MTV debuted just after......
multinational corporation
multinational corporation (MNC), any corporation that is registered and operates in more than one country at a......
Munn v. Illinois
Munn v. Illinois, (1877), case in which the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the power of government to regulate private......
Muscovy Company
Muscovy Company, body of English merchants trading with Russia. The company was formed in 1555 by the navigator......
mutual fund
mutual fund, company that invests the funds of its subscribers in diversified securities and in return issues units......
Nabisco
Nabisco, former U.S. snack food and bakery product company. The National Biscuit Company was formed in 1898 when......
naira
naira, monetary unit of Nigeria. The naira is divided into 100 kobo. The naira was introduced in 1973, when the......
Napster
Napster, music file-sharing computer service created by American college student Shawn Fanning in 1999. Napster......
national bank
national bank, in the United States, any commercial bank chartered and supervised by the federal government and......
National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development
National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD), leading development bank in India, established in......
National Broadcasting Co., Inc.
National Broadcasting Co., Inc. (NBC), major American commercial broadcasting company, since 2004 the television......
National Coal Board
National Coal Board (NCB), former British public corporation, created on January 1, 1947, which operated previously......
National Intergroup, Inc.
National Intergroup, Inc. (NII), American holding company established in 1983 to facilitate the diversification......
National Labor Union
National Labor Union (NLU), in U.S. history, a political-action movement that from 1866 to 1873 sought to improve......
National Recovery Administration
National Recovery Administration (NRA), U.S. government agency established by Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt to stimulate......
National Stock Exchange of India
The National Stock Exchange of India (NSE), established in 1992, is Indiaâs leading stock exchange and one of the......
National Union of Journalists
The National Union of Journalists (NUJ) is a trade union representing journalists in the United Kingdom and Ireland.......
National Westminster Bank
National Westminster Bank, former British bank holding company with branches and subbranches in the United Kingdom......
Nationalization
Nationalization, alteration or assumption of control or ownership of private property by the state. It is historically......
natural resource management
natural resource management, ways in which societies manage the supply of or access to the natural resources upon......
Navistar International Corporation
Navistar International Corporation, leading American producer of medium- and heavy-duty trucks and for many years......
NBCUniversal
NBCUniversal, global media and entertainment company that develops, produces, and markets news and entertainment......
NCR Voyix Corporation
NCR Voyix Corporation, NCR Voyix is an American e-commerce company known for its digital banking and point-of-service......
NDTV
New Delhi Television Limited (NDTV) is an Indian news media company and publicly listed broadcaster controlled......
NEC Corporation
NEC Corporation, major Japanese multinational corporation, producer of telecommunications equipment and related......
Needletrades, Industrial and Textile Employees, Union of
Union of Needletrades, Industrial and Textile Employees (UNITE), North American trade union formed in 1995 by the......
negotiable instrument
negotiable instrument, Transferable document (e.g., a bank note, check, or draft) containing an unconditional promise......
Neiman Marcus
Neiman Marcus, prestigious department-store chain. It was founded in Dallas, Texas, in 1907, and from the beginning......
Nestlé SA
Nestlé SA, multinational manufacturer of food products. It is headquartered in Vevey, Switzerland, and operates......
net asset value (NAV)
Net asset value (NAV) is the value of a fundâs assets minus its liabilities divided by the total number of shares......
Netflix
Netflix, Inc. is a media company based in Los Gatos, California, founded in 1997 by American entrepreneurs Reed......
Netscape Communications Corp.
Netscape Communications Corp. , American developer of Internet software with headquarters in Mountain View, California.......
networking
networking, the development, maintenance, or use of social or professional contacts for the purpose of exchanging......
New England, Council for
Council for New England, in British American colonial history, joint stock company organized in 1620 by a charter......
New York Central Railroad Company
New York Central Railroad Company, one of the major American railroads that connected the East Coast with the interior.......
New York Stock Exchange
New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), one of the worldâs largest marketplaces for securities and other exchange-traded......
New York, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad Company
New York, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad Company, American railroad that began operations between Buffalo, N.Y.,......
New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad Company
New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad Company, American railroad operating in southern New England and New......
New Zealand Company
New Zealand Company, (1839â58), British joint-stock company responsible for much of the early settlement of New......
New Zealand Labour Party
New Zealand Labour Party, political party established in 1916 in a merger of various socialist and trade-union......
News Corporation
News Corporation (âNews Corpâ) is a multinational media and information services conglomerate that was originally......
NewsGuild
NewsGuild, North American labor union representing journalists and other media professionals. While some early......
Nike, Inc.
Nike, Inc., is one of the largest and best-recognized global sports and athleticwear brands. Its extensive lineup......
Nikkatsu Motion Picture Company
Nikkatsu Motion Picture Company, Japanâs oldest motion-picture company. Established as an independent company in......
Nikkei
Nikkei, Japanâs most widely respected daily business-oriented newspaper. It deals principally with commerce, industry,......
Nintendo
Nintendo Co., Ltd., began in the late 19th century as a small Japanese workshop making playing cards. Over more......
Nippon HĆsĆ KyĆkai
Nippon HĆsĆ KyĆkai (NHK), public radio and television system of Japan. It operates two television and three radio......
Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation
Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT), Japanese telecommunications company that almost monopolizes Japanâs......
Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. is a Japanese industrial corporation that manufactures automobiles, trucks, and buses under......
NKK Corporation
NKK Corporation, major Japanese industrial company and one of the countryâs largest steelmakers. Headquarters are......
Nobel Foundation
Nobel Foundation, private institution founded in 1900 to coordinate the various provisions of the will of Alfred......
Nonimportation Agreements
Nonimportation Agreements, (1765â75), in U.S. colonial history, attempts to force British recognition of political......
Nonpartisan League
Nonpartisan League, in U.S. history, alliance of farmers to secure state control of marketing facilities by endorsing......
Norfolk and Western Railway Company
Norfolk and Western Railway Company was an American railroad that originated as an eight-mile single-track line......
North West Company
North West Company, Canadian fur-trading company, once the chief rival of the powerful Hudsonâs Bay Company. The......
Northern Pacific Railway Company
Northern Pacific Railway Company, one of the northern transcontinental railroads of the United States, operating......
Northrop Grumman Corporation
Northrop Grumman Corporation, major American manufacturer specializing in defense and commercial aerospace, electronics,......
Northwest Airlines, Inc.
Northwest Airlines, Inc., American airline founded in 1926 as Northwest Airways, Inc., and incorporated on April......
notional value
In financial instruments, the notional value (also called the notional amount and the principal amount) is the......
Novartis AG
Novartis AG, Swiss company that is one of the worldâs largest manufacturers of pharmaceuticals. It was formed in......
Novo Nordisk
Novo Nordisk A/S is an international pharmaceutical research, development, and manufacturing corporation established......
NRW.BANK
NRW.BANK, major German commercial and investment bank. Its owners (guarantors) are the state of North RhineâWestphalia,......