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Maistre, Casimir-LĂ©on
Casimir-LĂ©on Maistre was a French soldier and explorer who took part in the first thorough European exploration......
Major Rulers of France
During its long history, France has gone through numerous types of government. Under the Fifth Republic, France’s......
Malawi
Malawi, landlocked country in southeastern Africa. Endowed with spectacular highlands and extensive lakes, it occupies......
Malayan Emergency
Malayan Emergency, (1948–60), period of unrest following the creation of the Federation of Malaya (precursor of......
Malaysia
Malaysia, country of Southeast Asia, lying just north of the Equator, that is composed of two noncontiguous regions:......
Mallory, George
George Mallory was a British explorer and mountaineer who was a leading member of early expeditions to Mount Everest.......
Malta
Malta, island country located in the central Mediterranean Sea. A small but strategically important group of islands,......
Mander, Carel van
Carel van Mander was a Dutch Mannerist painter, poet, and writer whose fame is principally based upon a biographical......
Mantegna, Andrea
Andrea Mantegna was a painter and engraver, the first fully Renaissance artist of northern Italy. His best known......
Manuel I
Manuel I was the king of Portugal from 1495 to 1521, whose reign was characterized by religious troubles (all Moors......
Manuel, Niklaus
Niklaus Manuel was a painter, soldier, writer, and statesman, and a notable Swiss representative of the ideas of......
Maratha Wars
Maratha Wars, (1775–82, 1803–05, 1817–18), three conflicts between the British and the Maratha confederacy, resulting......
Marburg, Colloquy of
Colloquy of Marburg, in Christian history, an important debate on the Lord’s Supper held in Marburg, Germany, on......
Marche, Antoine-Alfred
Antoine-Alfred Marche was a naturalist, explorer, and collector of ethnological artifacts in Africa and the Philippine......
Marina
Marina was a Mexican Native American princess, one of a group of enslaved women given as a peace offering to the......
Markham, Beryl
Beryl Markham was an English professional pilot, horse trainer and breeder, writer, and adventurer, best known......
Marquette, Jacques
Jacques Marquette was a French Jesuit missionary explorer who, with Louis Jolliet, travelled down the Mississippi......
Martin, Luther
Luther Martin was an American lawyer best known for defending Supreme Court Justice Samuel Chase at his impeachment......
Martinique
Martinique, island and overseas territorial collectivity of France, in the eastern Caribbean Sea. It is included......
Maryland
Maryland, constituent state of the United States of America. One of the original 13 states, it lies at the center......
Masaccio
Masaccio was an important Florentine painter of the Early Renaissance whose frescoes in the Brancacci Chapel of......
Maskelyne, Nevil
Nevil Maskelyne was a British astronomer noted for his contribution to the science of navigation. Maskelyne was......
Masolino
Masolino was a painter who achieved a compromise between the International Gothic manner and the advanced early......
Massachusetts
Massachusetts, constituent state of the United States of America. It was one of the original 13 states and is one......
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Massachusetts Bay Colony, one of the original English settlements in present-day Massachusetts, settled in 1630......
Masulipatam, Treaty of
Treaty of Masulipatam, (Feb. 23, 1768), agreement by which the state of Hyderabad, India, submitted to British......
Matteucci, Pellegrino
Pellegrino Matteucci was an Italian explorer who was the first European to traverse the whole of the African continent......
Mauch, Karl
Karl Mauch was an explorer who made geologic and archaeological discoveries in southern Africa, notably goldfields......
Mauritius
Mauritius, island country in the Indian Ocean, located off the eastern coast of Africa. Physiographically, it is......
Mavura
Mavura was an African emperor who was installed as the ruler of the great Mwene Matapa empire by the Portuguese.......
Mawson, Douglas
Douglas Mawson was an Australian geologist and explorer whose travels in the Antarctic earned him worldwide acclaim.......
Mayflower Compact
Mayflower Compact, document signed on the English ship Mayflower on November 21 [November 11, Old Style], 1620,......
McCandless, Christopher
Christopher McCandless was an American adventurer who died from starvation and possibly poisoning, at age 24, while......
McClintock, Sir Francis Leopold
Sir Francis Leopold McClintock was a British naval officer and explorer who discovered the tragic fate of the British......
McClure, Sir Robert John Le Mesurier
Sir Robert John Le Mesurier McClure was an Irish naval officer who discovered a waterway, known as the Northwest......
Medici family
Medici family, Italian bourgeois family that ruled Florence and, later, Tuscany during most of the period from......
Melaka
Melaka, town and port, Peninsular (West) Malaysia, on the Strait of Malacca, at the mouth of the sluggish Melaka......
Melanchthon, Philipp
Philipp Melanchthon was a German author of the Augsburg Confession of the Lutheran church (1530), humanist, reformer,......
Melozzo da ForlĂŹ
Melozzo da ForlĂŹ was an early Renaissance painter whose style was influenced by Andrea Mantegna and Piero della......
Melville, Andrew
Andrew Melville was a scholar and Reformer who succeeded John Knox as a leader of the Scottish Reformed Church,......
Melville, George Wallace
George Wallace Melville was a U.S. explorer and naval engineer who led the sole surviving party from George Washington......
Melville, James
James Melville was a Scottish Presbyterian reformer and educator. Melville studied at the University of St. Andrews,......
member states of the Commonwealth
The 56 member states of the Commonwealth, which is also called Commonwealth of Nations, encompass the United Kingdom......
Mendoza, Pedro de
Pedro de Mendoza was a Spanish soldier and explorer, the first governor of the RĂ­o de la Plata region of Argentina......
Menno Simons
Menno Simons was a Dutch priest and an early leader of the peaceful wing of Dutch Anabaptism, whose followers formed......
Menéndez de Avilés, Pedro
Pedro MenĂ©ndez de AvilĂ©s was a Spaniard who founded St. Augustine, Florida, and was a classic example of the conquistador—intrepid,......
mercantilism
mercantilism, economic theory and practice common in Europe from the 16th to the 18th century that promoted governmental......
Merle d’AubignĂ©, Jean-Henri
Jean-Henri Merle d’AubignĂ© was a Swiss Protestant minister, historian of the Reformation, and advocate of Evangelical......
mesoscaphe
mesoscaphe, diving vessel built by the Swiss scientist Jacques Piccard that suspended itself automatically at predetermined......
Mexia, Ynes Enriquetta Julietta
Ynes Enriquetta Julietta Mexia or Ynes Mexia in short, was a Mexican-American botanical collector and explorer......
Mexico
Mexico, country of southern North America and the third largest country in Latin America, after Brazil and Argentina.......
Miche, Jean-Claude
Jean-Claude Miche was a French Roman Catholic missionary who was instrumental in securing a French protectorate......
Michelangelo
Michelangelo was one of the towering figures of the Italian Renaissance, celebrated as a sculptor, painter, and......
Michelozzo
Michelozzo was an architect and sculptor, notable in the development of Florentine Renaissance architecture. Michelozzo......
Mikkelsen, Ejnar
Ejnar Mikkelsen was a Danish polar explorer and author. Mikkelsen went to sea at the age of 14. He was inspired......
Milner, Alfred Milner, Viscount
Alfred Milner, Viscount Milner was an able but inflexible British administrator whose pursuit of British suzerainty......
Miltiades The Elder
Miltiades The Elder was an Athenian statesman who founded an Athenian colony in the Thracian Chersonese (now Gallipoli......
Mino da Fiesole
Mino da Fiesole was an early Renaissance sculptor notable for his well-characterized busts, which are among the......
Minuit, Peter
Peter Minuit was a Dutch colonial governor of New Amsterdam who is mainly remembered for his “purchase” of Manhattan......
Mitchell, Sir Thomas Livingstone
Sir Thomas Livingstone Mitchell was the surveyor general of New South Wales who explored and surveyed widely in......
Modernismo
Modernismo, late 19th- and early 20th-century Spanish-language literary movement that emerged in the late 1880s......
Molasses Act
Molasses Act, (1733), in American colonial history, a British law that imposed a tax on molasses, sugar, and rum......
Mollien, Gaspard-Théodore
Gaspard-Théodore Mollien was a French explorer and diplomat who was one of the earliest European explorers of the......
Mone, Jean
Jean Mone was a French sculptor who gained fame for the work he produced in Flanders as court sculptor to Holy......
Monmouth, Battle of
Battle of Monmouth, indecisive engagement in the American Revolution, fought on June 28, 1778, at Monmouth, New......
Monroe Doctrine
Monroe Doctrine, (December 2, 1823), cornerstone of U.S. foreign policy enunciated by Pres. James Monroe in his......
Montagna, Bartolomeo
Bartolomeo Montagna was an early Renaissance Italian painter, the most eminent master of the school of Vicenza.......
Montagu-Chelmsford Report
Montagu-Chelmsford Report, set of recommendations made to the British Parliament in 1918 that became the theoretical......
Montesquieu
Montesquieu was a French political philosopher whose principal work, The Spirit of Laws, was a major contribution......
Monteverdi, Claudio
Claudio Monteverdi was an Italian composer in the late Renaissance, the most important developer of the then new......
Montserrat
Montserrat, island and overseas territory of the United Kingdom. The pear-shaped island, part of the Lesser Antilles......
Morgan, William
William Morgan was an Anglican bishop of the Reformation whose translation of the Bible into Welsh helped standardize......
Morison, Samuel Eliot
Samuel Eliot Morison was an American biographer and historian who re-created in vivid prose notable maritime stories......
Moroccan crises
Moroccan crises, (1905–06, 1911), two international crises centring on France’s attempts to control Morocco and......
Moroni, Giovanni Battista
Giovanni Battista Moroni was an Italian Renaissance painter notable for his sober and dignified portraits. Moroni......
Morton, Thomas
Thomas Morton was a contrarian and nonconformist businessman and an early British settler in colonial America.......
Moshoeshoe
Moshoeshoe was the founder and first paramount chief of the Sotho (Basuto, Basotho) nation. One of the most successful......
Mouhot, Henri
Henri Mouhot was a French naturalist and explorer who alerted the West to the ruins of Angkor, the capital of the......
mountain man
mountain man, any of the pioneers of the North American Rocky Mountain West who went to that region first as fur......
Mpezeni
Mpezeni was a Southern African chief, a son of the great Ngoni king Zwangendaba. Mpezeni found himself in the middle......
Mughal dynasty
Mughal dynasty, line of Muslim rulers of Turkic-Mongol origin who ruled most of northern India from the early 16th......
Muhammad Shah
Muhammad Shah was an ineffective, pleasure-seeking Mughal emperor of India from 1719 to 1748. Roshan Akhtar was......
Mumtaz Mahal
Mumtaz Mahal, (born c. 1593—died June 17, 1631, Burhanpur, India), wife of Shah Jahan, Mughal emperor of India......
Munzinger, Werner
Werner Munzinger was a Swiss linguist and explorer particularly noted for his travels in what is now Eritrea. Munzinger......
Muravyov, Nikolay Nikolayevich, Graf Amursky
Nikolay Nikolayevich Amursky, Graf Muravyov was a Russian statesman and explorer whose efforts led to the expansion......
Murray, Sir John
Sir John Murray was a Scottish Canadian naturalist and one of the founders of oceanography, whose particular interests......
Myanmar
Myanmar, country, located in the western portion of mainland Southeast Asia. In 1989 the country’s official English......
Mylius-Erichsen, Ludwig
Ludwig Mylius-Erichsen was a Danish journalist and explorer who led two productive expeditions to Greenland. The......
Mysore Wars
Mysore Wars, four military confrontations (1767–69; 1780–84; 1790–92; and 1799) in India between the British and......
MĂŒntzer, Thomas
Thomas MĂŒntzer was a leading German radical reformer during the Protestant Reformation, a fiery and apocalyptic......
Nachtigal, Gustav
Gustav Nachtigal was an explorer of the Sahara who helped Germany obtain protectorates in western equatorial Africa.......
Naning War
Naning War, (1831–32), disastrous attempt by the British to exact tribute from the Minangkabau people of the Malay......
Nansen, Fridtjof
Fridtjof Nansen was a Norwegian explorer, oceanographer, statesman, and humanitarian who led a number of expeditions......
Napier, John
John Napier was a Scottish mathematician and theological writer who originated the concept of logarithms as a mathematical......
Napier, Robert Napier, 1st Baron
Robert Napier, 1st Baron Napier was a British field marshal who had a distinguished military and civil engineering......
Napoleonic Wars
Napoleonic Wars, series of wars between Napoleonic France and shifting alliances of other European powers that......
NarvĂĄez, PĂĄnfilo de
PĂĄnfilo de NarvĂĄez was a Spanish conquistador and colonial official who was one of the earliest European explorers......
National Geographic Magazine
National Geographic Magazine, monthly magazine of geography, archaeology, anthropology, and exploration, providing......
National Geographic Society
National Geographic Society, American scientific society founded (1888) in Washington, D.C., by a small group of......
National Institute of Standards and Technology
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), agency of the U.S. Department of Commerce responsible for......

Global Exploration Encyclopedia Articles By Title

12 -BAL
BAL-BRU
BRĂ»-CON
CON-DUV
DYN-GAU
GEN-HOM
HON-LA
LA -MAI
MAI-NAT
NAV-PET
PET-ROL
ROM-SOT
SOU-TRI
TUC-ZWI