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Global Exploration Encyclopedia Articles By Title

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BrĂ»lĂ©, Étienne
Étienne BrĂ»lĂ© was a French-born Canadian explorer who emigrated in 1608 and was the first recorded European in......
Bucer, Martin
Martin Bucer was a Protestant reformer, mediator, and liturgical scholar best known for his ceaseless attempts......
Buch, Leopold, Freiherr von
Leopold, Baron von Buch was a geologist and geographer whose far-flung wanderings and lucid writings had an inestimable......
Bullinger, Heinrich
Heinrich Bullinger was a convert from Roman Catholicism who first aided and then succeeded the Swiss reformer Huldrych......
Burckhardt, Jacob
Jacob Burckhardt was one of the first great historians of art and culture, whose Die Kultur der Renaissance in......
Burckhardt, Johann Ludwig
Johann Ludwig Burckhardt was the first European in modern times to visit the ancient city of Petra and to arrive......
Burgers, Thomas François
Thomas François Burgers was a theologian and controversial president (1871–77) of the Transvaal who in 1877 allowed......
Burgkmair, Hans, The Elder
Hans Burgkmair, the Elder was a painter and woodcut artist, one of the first German artists to show the influence......
Burke, Edmund
Edmund Burke was a British statesman, parliamentary orator, and political thinker prominent in public life from......
Burke, Robert O’Hara
Robert O’Hara Burke was an explorer who led the first expedition known to attempt the crossing of Australia from......
Burnes, Sir Alexander
Sir Alexander Burnes was a British explorer and diplomat who gained renown for his explorations in what are now......
Burton, Sir Richard
Sir Richard Burton was an English scholar-explorer and Orientalist who was the first European to discover Lake......
Button, Sir Thomas
Sir Thomas Button was an English navigator and naval officer and an early explorer of Canada. The son of Miles......
Byrd, Richard E.
Richard E. Byrd was a U.S. naval officer, pioneer aviator, and polar explorer best known for his explorations of......
Byrd, William, of Westover
William Byrd of Westover was a Virginia planter, satirist, and diarist who portrayed colonial life on the southern......
BĂ©lain, Pierre, sieur d’Esnambuc
Pierre BĂ©lain, sieur d’Esnambuc was a French trader who expanded French colonization into the Caribbean and in......
BĂ©thencourt, Jean de
Jean de BĂ©thencourt was a Norman-French explorer, known as the conqueror of the Canary Islands. BĂ©thencourt set......
Cabot, John
John Cabot was a navigator and explorer who by his voyages in 1497 and 1498 helped lay the groundwork for the later......
Cabot, Sebastian
Sebastian Cabot was a navigator, explorer, and cartographer who at various times served the English and Spanish......
Cabral, Pedro Álvares
Pedro Álvares Cabral was a Portuguese navigator who is generally credited as the first European to reach Brazil......
Cabrillo, Juan RodrĂ­guez
Juan RodrĂ­guez Cabrillo was a soldier and explorer in the service of Spain, chiefly known as the discoverer of......
Cadillac, Antoine Laumet de La Mothe
Antoine Laumet de La Mothe Cadillac was a French soldier, explorer, and administrator in French North America,......
Caillié, René-Auguste
René-Auguste Caillié was the first European to survive a journey to the West African city of Timbuktu (Tombouctou).......
Calvert, Leonard
Leonard Calvert was the first governor of Maryland colony. Leonard Calvert was the younger brother of Cecilius......
Calvin, John
John Calvin was a theologian and ecclesiastical statesman. He was the leading French Protestant reformer and the......
Calvinism
Calvinism , the theology advanced by John Calvin, a Protestant reformer in the 16th century, and its development......
Cambridge Agreement
Cambridge Agreement, (Aug. 26, 1629), pledge made in Cambridge, Eng., by English Puritan stockholders of the Massachusetts......
Camerarius, Joachim
Joachim Camerarius was a German classical scholar and Lutheran theologian who mediated between Protestants and......
Cameron, Duncan
Duncan Cameron was a fur trader who became involved in a rivalry with the Hudson’s Bay Company over the settlement......
Cameron, Verney Lovett
Verney Lovett Cameron was a British explorer, the first to cross equatorial Africa from sea to sea. Cameron entered......
Canada
Canada, the second largest country in the world in area (after Russia), occupying roughly the northern two-fifths......
Canada Company
Canada Company, organization instrumental in colonizing much of the western part of Upper Canada (now Ontario).......
Candide
Candide, satirical novel published in 1759 that is the best-known work by Voltaire. It is a savage denunciation......
Canisius, St. Peter
St. Peter Canisius ; canonized 1925; feast day December 21) was a 16th-century Jesuit scholar and a strong opponent......
Cape Colony
Cape Colony, British colony established in 1806 in what is now South Africa. With the formation of the Union of......
Capellen, Godert Alexander Gerard Philip, baron van der
Godert Alexander Gerard Philip, baron van der Capellen was the governor-general of the Dutch East Indies (1816–26)......
Capito, Wolfgang Fabricius
Wolfgang Fabricius Capito was a Christian humanist and Roman Catholic priest who, breaking with his Roman faith,......
Carnarvon, Henry Howard Molyneux Herbert, 4th earl of
Henry Howard Molyneux Herbert, 4th earl of Carnarvon was a British statesman, a liberally inclined member of Conservative......
Carnatic Wars
Carnatic Wars, series of military contests during the 18th century between the British, the French, the Marathas,......
Carnesecchi, Pietro
Pietro Carnesecchi was a controversial Italian humanist and religious reformer executed because of his sympathy......
Caroe, Sir Olaf
Sir Olaf Caroe was a British administrator who served as governor of the North-West Frontier Province of India......
Carpaccio, Vittore
Vittore Carpaccio was the greatest early Renaissance narrative painter of the Venetian school. Carpaccio may have......
Carroll, Charles
Charles Carroll was an American patriot leader, the longest- surviving signer of the Declaration of Independence,......
Carson, Kit
Kit Carson was an American frontiersman, trapper, soldier, and Indian agent who made an important contribution......
Carteret, Sir George, Baronet
Sir George Carteret, Baronet was a British Royalist politician and colonial proprietor of New Jersey. A British......
Cartier, Jacques
Jacques Cartier was a French mariner whose explorations of the Canadian coast and the St. Lawrence River (1534,......
Carver, John
John Carver was the first governor of the Pilgrim settlement at Plymouth in New England. Originally a prosperous......
Carver, Jonathan
Jonathan Carver was an early explorer of North America and author of one of the most widely read travel and adventure......
Castagno, Andrea del
Andrea del Castagno was one of the most influential 15th-century Italian Renaissance painters, best known for the......
Castro, Américo
Américo Castro was a Spanish philologist and cultural historian who explored the distinctive cultural roots of......
Cavite Mutiny
Cavite Mutiny, (January 20, 1872), brief uprising of 200 Filipino troops and workers at the Cavite arsenal, which......
Cayley, Sir George
Sir George Cayley was an English pioneer of aerial navigation and aeronautical engineering and designer of the......
Ca’ da Mosto, Alvise
Alvise Ca’ da Mosto was a Venetian traveler and nobleman, who wrote one of the earliest known accounts of western......
Cela, Camilo José
Camilo José Cela was a Spanish writer who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1989. He is perhaps best known......
celestial navigation
celestial navigation, use of the observed positions of celestial bodies to determine a navigator’s position. At......
Celsius, Anders
Anders Celsius was an astronomer who invented the Celsius temperature scale (often called the centigrade scale).......
Central America
Central America, geographic region of the Americas, comprising Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador,......
Chalmers, James
James Chalmers was a Scottish Congregationalist missionary who explored the southwest Pacific, where he became......
Chamberlain, Joseph
Joseph Chamberlain was a British businessman, social reformer, radical politician, and ardent imperialist. At the......
Champlain, Samuel de
Samuel de Champlain was a French explorer, acknowledged founder of the city of Quebec (1608), and consolidator......
Charles III
Charles III was the king of Spain (1759–88) and king of Naples (as Charles VII, 1734–59), one of the “enlightened......
Chemnitz, Martin
Martin Chemnitz was a leading German theologian who was known, with reference to Martin Luther, as “the second......
Cherokee wars and treaties
Cherokee wars and treaties, series of battles and agreements around the period of the U.S. War of Independence......
Chesney, Francis Rawdon
Francis Rawdon Chesney was a British soldier, explorer, and Middle East traveler whose fame rests on his projects......
Chichester, Arthur Chichester, Baron
Arthur Chichester, Baron Chichester was an English lord deputy of Ireland from 1604 to 1614, who developed the......
Chile
Chile, long, narrow country stretching along the western edge of South America, bordered by the Andes Mountains......
Chirikov, Aleksey Ilich
Aleksey Ilich Chirikov was an explorer, second in command on the Arctic expeditions of Vitus Bering, whose discovery......
Chouteau, Auguste
Auguste Chouteau was a wealthy fur trader, cofounder of St. Louis, and leading citizen of the Missouri Territory.......
Christianity
Christianity, major religion stemming from the life, teachings, and death of Jesus of Nazareth (the Christ, or......
Christmas Island
Christmas Island, island in the Indian Ocean, about 224 miles (360 km) south of the island of Java and 870 miles......
Chulalongkorn
Chulalongkorn was the king of Siam who avoided colonial domination and embarked upon far-reaching reforms. Chulalongkorn......
Claiborne, William
William Claiborne was an American colonial trader and public official. Claiborne immigrated to Virginia in 1621......
Clapperton, Hugh
Hugh Clapperton was a Scottish explorer and naval officer who was the first European in West Africa to return with......
Clark, Abraham
Abraham Clark was an American patriot and signer of the Declaration of Independence. Though he had little formal......
Clark, Kenneth Mackenzie Clark, Baron
Kenneth Mackenzie Clark, Baron Clark was a British art historian who was a leading authority on Italian Renaissance......
Clark, William
William Clark was an American frontiersman who won fame as an explorer by sharing with Meriwether Lewis the leadership......
classical scholarship
classical scholarship, the study, in all its aspects, of ancient Greece and Rome. In continental Europe the field......
Clauzel, Bertrand, Comte
Bertrand, Count Clauzel was a marshal of France and governor of Algeria (1835–37). After service in the eastern......
Clive, Robert
Robert Clive was a soldier and the first British administrator of Bengal, who was one of the creators of British......
Clouet, François
François Clouet was a French painter who immortalized in his portraits the society of the court of the royal house......
Clouet, Jean
Jean Clouet was a Renaissance painter of portraits celebrated for the depth and delicacy of his characterization.......
coastline paradox
coastline paradox, a mathematical concept showing that the measured length of a coastline is not a definite quantity......
Cochinchina
Cochinchina, the southern region of Vietnam during the French colonial period, known in precolonial times as Nam......
Cochlaeus, Johannes
Johannes Cochlaeus was a German Humanist and a leading Roman Catholic opponent of Martin Luther. Educated at the......
Cocos Islands
Cocos Islands, external territory of Australia in the eastern Indian Ocean. The islands lie 2,290 miles (3,685......
Coddington, William
William Coddington was a colonial governor and religious dissident who founded Newport, Rhode Island, in 1639.......
Coen, Jan Pieterszoon
Jan Pieterszoon Coen was the chief founder of the Dutch commercial empire in the East Indies. As the fourth governor-general......
Colombia
Colombia, country of northwestern South America. Its 1,000 miles (1,600 km) of coast to the north are bathed by......
colonialism, Western
Western colonialism, a political-economic phenomenon whereby various European nations explored, conquered, settled,......
Colonization of Australia
Colonization of Australia, establishment and expansion of British hegemony over the Australian continent and Torres......
Colter, John
John Colter was an American trapper-explorer, the first white man to have seen and described (1807) what is now......
Columbus, Bartholomew
Bartholomew Columbus was an Italian explorer, brother of Christopher Columbus, accomplished cartographer and cosmographer,......
Columbus, Christopher
Christopher Columbus was a master navigator and admiral whose four transatlantic voyages (1492–93, 1493–96, 1498–1500,......
Common Sense
On January 10, 1776, Thomas Paine’s, Common Sense was published and became America’s first best-seller with some......
Commonwealth
Commonwealth, a free association of sovereign states comprising the United Kingdom and a number of its former dependencies......
compass
compass, in navigation or surveying, the primary device for direction-finding on the surface of the Earth. Compasses......
Congo Free State
Congo Free State, former state in Africa that occupied almost all of the Congo River basin, coextensive with the......
Connecticut
Connecticut, constituent state of the United States of America. It was one of the original 13 states and is one......
Conquistador
Conquistador, any of the leaders in the Spanish conquest of America, especially of Mexico and Peru, in the 16th......
Continental Congress
Continental Congress, in the period of the American Revolution, the body of delegates who spoke and acted collectively......

Global Exploration Encyclopedia Articles By Title

12 -BAL
BAL-BRU
BRĂ»-CON
CON-DUV
DYN-GAU
GEN-HOM
HON-LA
LA -MAI
MAI-NAT
NAV-PET
PET-ROL
ROM-SOT
SOU-TRI
TUC-ZWI