Global Exploration, CON-DUV
Follow the navigators, expeditions, and encounters that expanded maps, connected continents, and transformed how people understood the wider world.
Global Exploration Encyclopedia Articles By Title
Conway, William Martin Conway, Baron
William Martin Conway, Baron Conway was a British mountain climber, explorer, and art historian whose expeditions......
Cook, Frederick Albert
Frederick Albert Cook was an American physician and explorer whose claim that he had discovered the North Pole......
Cook, James
James Cook was a British naval captain, navigator, and explorer who sailed the seaways and coasts of Canada (1759......
Coolidge, William Augustus Brevoort
William Augustus Brevoort Coolidge was an American-born British historian and mountaineer who, in the course of......
Coote, Sir Eyre
Sir Eyre Coote was a tempestuous yet effective British soldier who served as commander of the East India Company......
Cork, Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of
Richard Boyle, 1st earl of Cork was an English colonizer of Munster (southwestern Ireland) who became one of the......
Coronado, Francisco VĂĄzquez de
Francisco VĂĄzquez de Coronado was a Spanish explorer of the North American Southwest whose expeditions resulted......
Correggio
Correggio was the most important Renaissance painter of the school of Parma, whose late works influenced the style......
Correspondence, Committees of
Committees of Correspondence, groups appointed by the legislatures in the 13 British American colonies to provide......
Cortés, Hernån
HernĂĄn CortĂ©s was a Spanish conquistador who overthrew the Aztec empire (1519â21) and won Mexico for the crown......
Cossa, Francesco del
Francesco del Cossa was an early Renaissance painter of the Ferrarese school who, through his seven yearsâ residence......
Costa Rica
Costa Rica, country of Central America. Its capital is San José. Of all the Central American countries, Costa Rica......
- Introduction
- Indigenous, Mestizo, Immigrants
- Spanish, Indigenous, English
- Population, Migration, Diversity
- Resources, Power, Ecology
- Roads, Airports, Telecoms
- Health, Welfare, Ecology
- Surfing, Hiking, Wildlife
- Independence, Democracy, Nature
- Democracy, Peace, Stability
- Nature, Economy, Politics
- Nature, Economy, Politics
Counter-Reformation
Counter-Reformation, in the history of Christianity, the Roman Catholic efforts directed in the 16th and early......
Cousteau, Jacques
Jacques Cousteau was a French naval officer, ocean explorer, and co-inventor of the Aqua-Lung, known for his extensive......
Coverdale, Miles
Miles Coverdale was the bishop of Exeter, Eng., who translated (rather freely; he was inexpert in Latin and Greek)......
CovilhĂŁ, PĂȘro da
PĂȘro da CovilhĂŁ was an early Portuguese explorer of Africa, who established relations between Portugal and Ethiopia.......
Cowpens, Battle of
Battle of Cowpens, battle in the American Revolution fought on January 17, 1781, a brilliant American victory over......
Cox, Richard
Richard Cox was an Anglican bishop of Ely and a leading advocate in England of the Protestant Reformation. Appointed......
Cranmer, Thomas
Thomas Cranmer was the first Protestant archbishop of Canterbury (1533â56), adviser to the English kings Henry......
Creacionismo
Creacionismo, (Spanish: âCreationismâ), short-lived experimental literary movement among Spanish writers in France,......
Crispi, Francesco
Francesco Crispi was an Italian statesman who, after being exiled from Naples and Sardinia-Piedmont for revolutionary......
Cromwell, Thomas
Thomas Cromwell was the principal adviser (1532â40) to Englandâs Henry VIII, chiefly responsible for establishing......
Cronaca, Il
Il Cronaca was an Italian Renaissance architect whose sober style emphasizes planes and linear design. He was not......
Cuba
Cuba, country of the West Indies, the largest single island of the archipelago, and one of the more-influential......
- Introduction
- Soils, Climate, Agriculture
- Spanish, Haitian Creole, Sign Language
- Migration, Population, Economy
- Farming, Crops, Fisheries
- Trade, Economy, Exports
- Local Gov, Provinces, Municipalities
- Political System, Elections, Constitution
- Music, Art, Cuisine
- Art, Music, Dance
- Museums, Music, Cuisine
- Slavery, Sugarcane, Caribbean
- Filibustering, Struggle, Independence
- Caribbean, Revolution, Communism
- Revolution, Communism, Fidel Castro
- Revolution, Economy, Politics
Culpeperâs Rebellion
Culpeperâs Rebellion, (1677â79), early popular uprising against proprietary rule in the Albemarle section of northern......
Culture System
Culture System, revenue system in the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia) that forced farmers to pay revenue to the treasury......
current U.S. governors
Each U.S. state is headed by a governor who serves as its chief executive. They are directly elected and share......
Cushing, William
William Cushing was an American jurist who was the first appointee to the U.S. Supreme Court. Cushing graduated......
Cyprus
Cyprus, island in the eastern Mediterranean Sea renowned since ancient times for its mineral wealth, superb wines......
- Introduction
- Greek, Turkish, Mediterranean
- Economy, Tourism, Agriculture
- Manufacturing, Textiles, Food
- Politics, Divisions, EU
- Culture, Religion, Cuisine
- Mediterranean, Conflict, Independence
- Turkey, Greece, Conflict
- Byzantine Empire, Mediterranean, Divided Island
- Ottoman Rule, Conflict, Divisions
- Mediterranean, Divided, Island
- Reunification, Negotiations, Conflict
Cyrene
Cyrene, ancient Greek colony in Libya, founded c. 631 bce by a group of emigrants from the island of Thera in the......
CĂŁo, Diogo
Diogo CĂŁo was a Portuguese navigator and explorer. CĂŁo was the first European to discover the mouth of the Congo......
CĂbola, Seven Cities of
Seven Cities of CĂbola, legendary cities of splendor and riches sought in the 16th century by Spanish conquistadores......
Dacke War
Dacke War, (1542â43), a Swedish peasant revolt against the autocratic Reformation policies of Gustav I Vasa (ruled......
Daddi, Bernardo
Bernardo Daddi was a Florentine painter of the early Italian Renaissance who was a pupil of Giotto and was influenced......
Dalhousie, James Andrew Broun Ramsay, Marquess and 10th Earl of
James Andrew Broun Ramsay, marquess and 10th earl of Dalhousie was a British governor-general of India from 1847......
Dampier, William
William Dampier was a buccaneer who later explored parts of the coasts of Australia, New Guinea, and New Britain......
Dana, James D.
James D. Dana was an American geologist, mineralogist, and naturalist who, in explorations of the South Pacific,......
Danelaw
Danelaw, the northern, central, and eastern region of Anglo-Saxon England colonized by invading Danish armies in......
Daret, Jacques
Jacques Daret was an early French Renaissance painter of Tournai whose work shows the strong influence of the Master......
Dartmouth, William Legge, 2nd earl of, Viscount Lewisham, Baron Dartmouth of Dartmouth
William Legge, 2nd earl of Dartmouth was a British statesman who played a significant role in the events leading......
Darwin, Charles
Charles Darwin was an English naturalist whose scientific theory of evolution by natural selection became the foundation......
Davenport, John
John Davenport was a Puritan clergyman and cofounder of the New Haven Colony (now New Haven, Conn.). Davenport......
David
David, marble sculpture executed from 1501 to 1504 by the Italian Renaissance artist Michelangelo depicting the......
Davis, John
John Davis was an English navigator who attempted to find the Northwest Passage through the Canadian Arctic to......
De La Warr, Thomas West, 12th Baron
Thomas West, 12th Baron De La Warr was one of the English founders of Virginia, for whom Delaware Bay, the Delaware......
De Long, George Washington
George Washington De Long was an American explorer whose disastrous Arctic expedition gave evidence of a continuous......
dead reckoning
dead reckoning, determination without the aid of celestial navigation of the position of a ship or aircraft from......
Decken, Karl Klaus von der
Karl Klaus von der Decken was a German explorer in eastern Africa and the first European to attempt to scale Mount......
Declaration of Independence
Declaration of Independence, in U.S. history, document that was approved by the Continental Congress on July 4,......
Declaratory Act
Declaratory Act, (1766), declaration by the British Parliament that accompanied the repeal of the Stamp Act. It......
Decoux, Jean
Jean Decoux was the governor-general of French Indochina for the provisional (Vichy) French government during World......
Delamere, Hugh Cholmondeley, 3rd Baron
Hugh Cholmondeley, 3rd Baron Delamere was a leader of European colonists in British East Africa Protectorate (now......
Delaware
Delaware, constituent state of the United States of America. The first of the original 13 states to ratify the......
Delhi, Siege of
The British armyâs siege and recapture of Delhi from rebel Indian forces between June 8 and September 21, 1857,......
della Robbia, Andrea
Andrea della Robbia was a Florentine sculptor who assumed control of the family workshop after his uncleâs death......
della Robbia, Giovanni
Giovanni della Robbia was a Florentine sculptor, son of Andrea della Robbia and grandnephew of Luca della Robbia......
della Robbia, Luca
Luca della Robbia was a sculptor, one of the pioneers of Florentine Renaissance style, who was the founder of a......
Denck, Hans
Hans Denck was a German theologian and Reformer who opposed Lutheranism in favour of Anabaptism, the Reformation......
Denham, Dixon
Dixon Denham was an English soldier who became one of the early explorers of western Africa. After serving in the......
Devawongse Varoprakar, Prince
Prince Devawongse Varoprakar was the foreign minister of Siam from 1885 to 1923, whose policies enabled the kingdom......
Deventer, Conrad Theodor van
Conrad Theodor van Deventer was a Dutch jurist and statesman whose article âEen eereschuldâ (âA Debt of Honourâ)......
Dezhnyov, Semyon Ivanov
Semyon Ivanov Dezhnyov was a Russian explorer, the first European known to have sailed through the Bering Strait.......
Dias, Bartolomeu
Bartolomeu Dias was a Portuguese navigator and explorer who led the first European expedition to round the Cape......
Dias, DinĂs
DinĂs Dias was a Portuguese navigator and explorer, one of the sea captains sent along the Atlantic coast of northern......
Dickinson, John
John Dickinson was an American statesman often referred to as the âpenman of the Revolution.â Born in Maryland,......
Diemen, Anthony van
Anthony van Diemen was a colonial administrator who, as governor-general of the Dutch East Indian settlements (1636â45),......
Diet of Worms
Diet of Worms, meeting of the Diet (assembly) of the Holy Roman Empire held at Worms, Germany, in 1521, made famous......
Dinshaway Incident
Dinshaway Incident, confrontation in 1906 between residents of the Egyptian village of Dinshaway (DinshawÄy) and......
Diodati, Giovanni
Giovanni Diodati was a Swiss Calvinist pastor known for his translation of the Bible into Italian. Born of a refugee......
direction finder
direction finder, radio receiver and antenna system for determining the direction of the source of a radio signal.......
distance-measuring equipment
distance-measuring equipment (DME), in aerial navigation, equipment for measuring distance by converting the time......
diving bell
diving bell, small diving apparatus that is used to transport divers between the seafloor or lower depths and the......
Dixon, George
George Dixon was an English navigator whose exploration of the western coast of North America helped to establish......
Dodds, Alfred-Amédée
Alfred-Amédée Dodds was a French military figure who played a leading role in French colonial expansion in West......
Dollond, George
George Dollond was a British optician who invented a number of precision instruments used in astronomy, geodesy,......
Dollond, Peter
Peter Dollond was a British optician who, though lacking a theoretical background, invented the triple achromatic......
Domenico Veneziano
Domenico Veneziano was an early Italian Renaissance painter, one of the protagonists of the 15th-century Florentine......
Dominica
Dominica, island country of the Lesser Antilles in the eastern Caribbean Sea. It lies between the French islands......
Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic, country of the West Indies that occupies the eastern two-thirds of Hispaniola, the second largest......
dominion
dominion, the status, prior to 1939, of each of the British Commonwealth countries of Canada, Australia, New Zealand,......
Donatello
Donatello was a master of sculpture in both marble and bronze, one of the greatest of all Italian Renaissance artists.......
Dongan, Thomas, 2nd Earl Of Limerick
Thomas Dongan, 2nd earl of Limerick was a British colonial governor of New York under Charles II and James II.......
Doria, Giacomo
Giacomo Doria was an Italian naturalist and explorer who in 1867 founded the civic museum of natural history in......
Dosso Dossi
Dosso Dossi was a late Italian Renaissance painter and leader of the Ferrarese school in the 16th century. Very......
Doudart de Lagrée, Ernest-Marc-Louis
Ernest-Marc-Louis Doudart de Lagrée was a French explorer and diplomat who secured French hegemony over Cambodia.......
Doughty, Charles Montagu
Charles Montagu Doughty was a British traveler and writer who is widely regarded as one of the greatest of all......
Douglas, David
David Douglas was a Scottish botanist who was a traveler and botanical collector in North America and for whom......
Drake, Sir Francis
Sir Francis Drake was an English admiral who circumnavigated the globe (1577â80) and was the most renowned seaman......
Draper, Charles Stark
Charles Stark Draper was an American aeronautical engineer, educator, and science administrator. Draperâs laboratory......
Drygalski, Erich Dagobert von
Erich Dagobert von Drygalski was a German geographer and glaciologist who led an expedition to the Antarctic (1901â03)......
Du Sable, Jean-Baptist-Point
Jean-Baptist-Point Du Sable was a pioneer trader who founded the settlement that later became the city of Chicago.......
Dudley, Sir Robert
Sir Robert Dudley was an English sailor, engineer, and titular duke of Northumberland and earl of Warwick who wrote......
Dudley, Thomas
Thomas Dudley was a British colonial governor of Massachusetts, for many years the most influential man in the......
Dufferin and Ava, Frederick Temple Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of, Earl Of Ava, Earl Of Dufferin, Viscount Clandeboye, Baron Clandeboye, Baron Dufferin And Clan[d]eboye Of Ballyleidy And Killyleagh
Frederick Temple Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st marquess of Dufferin and Ava was a British diplomat who was a distinguished......
DuLhut, Daniel Greysolon, Sieur
Daniel Greysolon, Sieur DuLhut was a French soldier and explorer who was largely responsible for establishing French......
Dumont dâUrville, Jules-SĂ©bastien-CĂ©sar
Jules-SĂ©bastien-CĂ©sar Dumont dâUrville was a French navigator who commanded voyages of exploration to the South......
Dupleix, Joseph-François
Joseph-François Dupleix was a colonial administrator and governor-general of the French territories in India, who......
Dupré, Marie-Jules
Marie-Jules Dupré was a French naval officer who served as governor of French Cochinchina (southern Vietnam) in......
Duston, Hannah Emerson
Hannah Emerson Duston was an American colonial heroine who survived capture by Native Americans, escaping through......
Duveyrier, Henri
Henri Duveyrier was a French explorer of the Sahara whose observations of the Tuareg people contributed to African......