Global Exploration, GEN-HOM
Follow the navigators, expeditions, and encounters that expanded maps, connected continents, and transformed how people understood the wider world.
Global Exploration Encyclopedia Articles By Title
Gender Issues in Malawi
In Malawi, the male-female ratio in schools, universities, and higher positions in public service and industry......
Gentil, Ămile
Ămile Gentil was a French colonial administrator who explored the areas of the present Congo (Brazzaville), Central......
George III
George III was the king of Great Britain and Ireland (1760â1820) and elector (1760â1814) and then king (1814â20)......
Georgia
Georgia, constituent state of the United States of America. Ranking fourth among the U.S. states east of the Mississippi......
Gerlache de Gomery, Adrien-Victor-Joseph, baron de
Adrien-Victor-Joseph, baron de Gerlache de Gomery was a Belgian naval officer who led the first Antarctic expedition......
German East Africa
German East Africa, former dependency of imperial Germany, corresponding to present-day Rwanda and Burundi, the......
Gessi, Romolo
Romolo Gessi was an Italian soldier and explorer who served in the Egyptian Sudan under Gen. Charles George Gordon......
Ghana
Ghana, country of western Africa, situated on the coast of the Gulf of Guinea. Although relatively small in area......
- Introduction
- Soils, Climate, Agriculture
- Wildlife, Forests, Savannahs
- Traditional, Christianity, Islam
- Trade, Agriculture, Mining
- Resources, Power, Economy
- Labour, Taxation, Economy
- Politics, Constitution, Democracy
- Urban, Rural, Housing
- Culture, Traditions, Cuisine
- Colonialism, Independence, Gold Coast
- Trade, Colonialism, Independence
- Independence, Gold Coast, Kwame Nkrumah
Ghiberti, Lorenzo
Lorenzo Ghiberti was an early Italian Renaissance sculptor celebrated for his mastery of pictorial space and lifelike......
Ghirlandaio, Domenico
Domenico Ghirlandaio was an early Renaissance painter of the Florentine school noted for his detailed narrative......
Gibraltar
Gibraltar, British overseas territory occupying a narrow peninsula of Spainâs southern Mediterranean coast, just......
Gilbert, Humphrey
Humphrey Gilbert was an English soldier and navigator who devised daring and farseeing projects of overseas colonization.......
Gilpin, Bernard
Bernard Gilpin was an English cleric, one of the most conscientious and broad-minded upholders of the Elizabethan......
Giocondo, Fra Giovanni
Fra Giovanni Giocondo was an Italian humanist, architect, and engineer, whose designs and written works signal......
Giorgione
Giorgione was an extremely influential Italian painter who was one of the initiators of a High Renaissance style......
Giotto
Giotto was the most important Italian painter of the 14th century, whose works point to the innovations of the......
Gist, Christopher
Christopher Gist was an American colonial explorer and military scout who wrote highly informative journals describing......
Giulio Romano
Giulio Romano was a late Renaissance painter and architect, the principal heir of Raphael, and one of the initiators......
Godwin, Francis
Francis Godwin was a bishop and historian who wrote the first story of space travel in English literature, The......
Goes, Hugo van der
Hugo van der Goes was one of the greatest Flemish painters of the second half of the 15th century, whose strange,......
Golconda
Golconda, historic fortress and ruined city lying 5 miles (8 km) west of Hyderabad in western Telangana state,......
Goldie, Sir George
Sir George Goldie was a British colonial administrator, organizer of a chartered company (1886) that established......
Golovnin, Vasily Mikhaylovich
Vasily Mikhaylovich Golovnin was a Russian naval officer and seafarer. Golovnin graduated from the Naval Academy......
Gombert, Nicolas
Nicolas Gombert was one of the leading Flemish composers of the Renaissance, whose work forms a link between that......
Gomes, Diogo
Diogo Gomes was a Portuguese explorer sent by Prince Henry the Navigator to investigate the West African coast......
Good Hope, Cape of
Cape of Good Hope, rocky promontory at the southern end of Cape Peninsula, Western Cape province, South Africa.......
Good Neighbor Policy
Good Neighbor Policy, popular name for the Latin American policy pursued by the administration of the U.S. president......
Gorges, Sir Ferdinando
Sir Ferdinando Gorges was a British proprietary founder of Maine, who promoted, though unsuccessfully, the colonization......
Gosnold, Bartholomew
Bartholomew Gosnold was an English explorer and colonizer. The eldest son of an English country squire, Bartholomew......
Gossart, Jan
Jan Gossart was a Netherlandish painter who was one of the first artists to introduce the style of the Italian......
GotĆ Shimpei
GotĆ Shimpei was a statesman, who, together with General Kodama GentarĆ, successfully modernized the Taiwanese......
government
government, the political system by which a country or community is administered and regulated. Most of the key......
Gozzoli, Benozzo
Benozzo Gozzoli was an early Italian Renaissance painter whose masterpiece, a fresco cycle in the chapel of the......
GPS
GPS, space-based radio-navigation system that broadcasts highly accurate navigation pulses to users on or near......
Graaff, Simon de
Simon de Graaff was a Dutch statesman who, as colonial minister (1919â25), reorganized the administration of the......
grace
grace, in Christian theology, the spontaneous, unmerited gift of the divine favour in the salvation of sinners,......
Grafton, Augustus Henry Fitzroy, 3rd duke of
Augustus Henry Fitzroy, 3rd duke of Grafton was the 3rd duke of Grafton and a British prime minister (1768â70).......
Grant, James Augustus
James Augustus Grant was a Scottish soldier and explorer who accompanied John Hanning Speke in the search for and......
Gray, Robert
Robert Gray was the captain of the first U.S. ship to circumnavigate the globe and explorer of the Columbia River.......
Great Awakening
Great Awakening, religious revival in the British American colonies mainly between about 1720 and the 1740s. It......
great circle route
great circle route, the shortest course between two points on the surface of a sphere. It lies in a plane that......
Great Northern Expedition
Great Northern Expedition, (1733â42), in Russian history, the continuation of an enterprise initially conceived......
Grebel, Konrad
Konrad Grebel was the chief founder of the Swiss Brethren, an Anabaptist movement centred on ZĂŒrich. His humanist......
Greco, El
El Greco was a master of Spanish painting, whose highly individual dramatic and expressionistic style met with......
Greely, Adolphus Washington
Adolphus Washington Greely was a U.S. Army officer whose scientific expedition to the Arctic resulted in the exploration......
Greene, Nathanael
Nathanael Greene was an American army general in the American Revolution (1775â83). After managing a branch of......
Grenada
Grenada, island country of the West Indies. It is the southernmost island of the north-south arc of the Lesser......
Grenfell, George
George Grenfell was an English Baptist missionary and West African explorer. In 1874 the Baptist Missionary Society......
Grenville, George
George Grenville was an English politician whose policy of taxing the American colonies, initiated by his Sugar......
Grey, Henry George Grey, 3rd Earl
Henry George Grey, 3rd Earl Grey was a British statesman who, as secretary of state for war and the colonies (1846â52),......
Grijalba, Juan de
Juan de Grijalba was a Spanish explorer, nephew of the conquistador Diego VelĂĄzquez; he was one of the first to......
Guadeloupe
Guadeloupe, overseas département and overseas region of France consisting of a group of islands in the Lesser Antilles......
Guatemala
Guatemala, country of Central America. The dominance of an Indigenous culture within its interior uplands distinguishes......
Guianas, The
The Guianas, region of South America, located on the continentâs north-central coast and covering an area of about......
Guilford Courthouse, Battle of
Battle of Guilford Courthouse, battle in the American Revolution fought in South Carolina on March 15, 1781, a......
Gun War
Gun War, (1880â81), Southern African war in which the Sotho (also Basuto or Basotho) people of Basutoland (present-day......
gunpowder empires
What started with firecrackers and signal flares became an explosive force that played a significant role in shaping......
Gustav I Vasa
Gustav I Vasa was the king of Sweden (1523â60), founder of the Vasa ruling line, who established Swedish sovereignty......
Guyana
Guyana, country located in the northeastern corner of South America. Indigenous peoples inhabited Guyana prior......
gyrocompass
gyrocompass, navigational instrument which makes use of a continuously driven gyroscope to accurately seek the......
Haiti
Haiti, country in the Caribbean Sea that includes the western third of the island of Hispaniola and such smaller......
Haitian Revolution
Haitian Revolution, series of conflicts between 1791 and 1804 between Haitian slaves, colonists, the armies of......
Hakluyt, Richard
Richard Hakluyt was an English geographer noted for his political influence, his voluminous writings, and his persistent......
Haldimand, Sir Frederick
Sir Frederick Haldimand was a British general who served as governor of Quebec province from 1778 to 1786. Haldimand......
Hall, Charles Francis
Charles Francis Hall was an American explorer who made three Arctic expeditions. Hall spent his early life in Ohio,......
Haller, Bertold
Bertold Haller was a Swiss religious Reformer who was primarily responsible for bringing the Reformation to Bern.......
Halley, Edmond
Edmond Halley was an English astronomer and mathematician who was the first to calculate the orbit of a comet later......
Hamilton, William Thomas
William Thomas Hamilton was a mountain man, trapper, and scout of the American West. Brought to America at age......
Hancock, John
John Hancock was an American statesman who was a leading figure during the Revolutionary War and the first signer......
Hanno
Hanno was a Carthaginian who conducted a voyage of exploration and colonization to the west coast of Africa sometime......
Hanotaux, Gabriel
Gabriel Hanotaux was a statesman, diplomat, and historian who directed a major French colonial expansion in Africa......
Hanson, John
John Hanson was an American Revolutionary leader and president under the U.S. Articles of Confederation. A member......
Hartog, Dirck
Dirck Hartog was a Dutch merchant captain who made the first recorded exploration of the western coast of Australia.......
Hastings, Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st marquess of
Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st marquess of Hastings was a British soldier and colonial administrator. As governor-general......
Hastings, Warren
Warren Hastings was the first and most famous of the British governors-general of India, who dominated Indian affairs......
Hat Act
Hat Act, (1732), in U.S. colonial history, British law restricting colonial manufacture and export of hats in direct......
Hayes, Isaac Israel
Isaac Israel Hayes was an American physician and Arctic explorer who sought to prove the existence of open seas......
Hazard, Paul
Paul Hazard was a French educator, historian of ideas, and scholar of comparative literature. Hazard studied at......
Hearne, Samuel
Samuel Hearne was an English seaman, fur trader, and explorer, the first European to make an overland trip to the......
Hedin, Sven Anders
Sven Anders Hedin was a Swedish explorer who led a series of expeditions through Central Asia that resulted in......
Heemskerck, Jacob van
Jacob van Heemskerck was a Dutch naval commander and merchant remembered for his voyage in the Barents Sea region......
Helgesen, Paul
Paul Helgesen was a Danish Humanist and champion of Scandinavian Roman Catholicism who opposed the Lutheran Reformation......
Henderson, Alexander
Alexander Henderson was a Scottish Presbyterian clergyman primarily responsible for the preservation of the presbyterian......
Hennepin, Louis
Louis Hennepin was a Franciscan missionary who, with the celebrated explorer René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La......
Henry the Navigator
Henry the Navigator was a Portuguese prince noted for his patronage of voyages of discovery among the Madeira Islands......
Henry VIII
Henry VIII was the king of England (1509â47) who presided over the beginnings of the English Renaissance and the......
Henry, Patrick
Patrick Henry was a brilliant orator and a major figure of the American Revolution, perhaps best known for his......
Henson, Matthew Alexander
Matthew Alexander Henson was an African American explorer who accompanied Robert E. Peary on most of his expeditions,......
Heyerdahl, Thor
Thor Heyerdahl was a Norwegian ethnologist and adventurer who organized and led the famous Kon-Tiki (1947) and......
High Commission, Court of
Court of High Commission, English ecclesiastical court instituted by the crown in the 16th century as a means to......
Hillary, Edmund
Edmund Hillary was a New Zealand mountain climber and Antarctic explorer who, with the Nepali-Indian Sherpa mountaineer......
Hilliard, Nicholas
Nicholas Hilliard was the first great native-born English painter of the Renaissance. His lyrical portraits raised......
Himilco
Himilco was, like Hanno, a Carthaginian explorer of the 5th century bc, mentioned first by Pliny the Elder (1st......
Hind, Henry Youle
Henry Youle Hind was an English-born Canadian educator, geologist, and explorer whose expedition to the Northwest......
Hoare, Sir Samuel, 2nd Baronet
Sir Samuel Hoare, 2nd Baronet was a British statesman who was a chief architect of the Government of India Act......
Hofmann, Melchior
Melchior Hofmann was a German mystic and lay preacher noted for contributing a zealous eschatology (doctrine of......
Hofmeister, Sebastian
Sebastian Hofmeister was a Swiss religious Reformer who was a prominent figure in the debates of the early Reformation.......
Hogendorp, Dirk van
Dirk van Hogendorp was a Dutch statesman and official of the Dutch East India Company who tried to incorporate......
Holland
Holland, historical region of the Netherlands, divided since 1840 into the provinces of Noord-Holland (North Holland)......
Home Rule League
Home Rule League, either of two short-lived organizations of the same name in India established in April and September......