Global Exploration, DYN-GAU
Follow the navigators, expeditions, and encounters that expanded maps, connected continents, and transformed how people understood the wider world.
Global Exploration Encyclopedia Articles By Title
dynasty
dynasty, a family or line of rulers, a succession of sovereigns of a country belonging to a single family or tracing......
DĂaz de SolĂs, Juan
Juan DĂaz de SolĂs was the chief pilot of the Spanish navy and one of the first explorers to enter the RĂo de la......
DĂaz del Castillo, Bernal
Bernal DĂaz del Castillo was a Spanish soldier and author, who took part in the conquest of Mexico. In 1514 he......
DĂŒrer, Albrecht
Albrecht DĂŒrer was a painter and printmaker generally regarded as the greatest German Renaissance artist. His vast......
Earth exploration
Earth exploration, the investigation of the surface of the Earth and of its interior. By the beginning of the 20th......
East India Company
East India Company, English company formed for the exploitation of trade with East and Southeast Asia and India,......
Eaton, Theophilus
Theophilus Eaton was a merchant who was cofounder and colonial governor of New Haven colony. As a youth, Eaton......
Eck, Johann
Johann Eck was a German theologian who was Martin Lutherâs principal Roman Catholic opponent. Early in his career......
Ecuador
Ecuador, country of northwestern South America. Ecuador is one of the most environmentally diverse countries in......
- Introduction
- Tropical, Coastal, Andes
- Indigenous, Mestizo, Afro-Ecuadorian
- Quechua, Spanish, Shuar
- Crops, Livestock, Fisheries
- Trade, Exports, Imports
- Local Govt, Provinces, Cantons
- Education, Literacy, Schools
- Culture, Cuisine, Traditions
- Art, Music, Dance
- Media, Publishing, Culture
- Colonial History, Spanish Rule, Indigenous Peoples
- Garcia Moreno, Reforms, Catholicism
- Independence, Revolution, Quito
- Ecuador from the late 20th century
Egypt
Egypt, country located in the northeastern corner of Africa. Egyptâs heartland, the Nile River valley and delta,......
- Introduction
- Nile, Deserts, Pyramids
- Oases, Monasteries, Deserts
- Soils, Deserts, Agriculture
- Desert, Nile, Wildlife
- Ancient, Coptic, Bedouin
- Arabic, Coptic, Nubian
- Nile, Delta, Oases
- Rural Settlements, Nile Valley, Oases
- Population, Migration, Urbanization
- Agriculture, Fishing, Nile
- Resources, Power, Nile
- Manufacturing, Textiles, Industries
- Trade, Nile, Deserts
- Transportation, Telecommunications, Infrastructure
- Politics, Society, Economy
- Local Gov, Provinces, Districts
- Politics, Constitution, Elections
- Housing, Architecture, Nile Valley
- Culture, Religion, Cuisine
- Art, Architecture, Music
- Ancient, Pyramids, Temples
- Islamic Conquest, Pharaohs, Nile
- Caliphate, Nile, Pyramids
- Tulunid Dynasty, Cairo, Nile
- Fatimid, Cairo, Nile
- Ayyubid Dynasty, Cairo, Nile
- Mamluk, Ottoman, 1250-1800
- Arabic Culture, Nile Valley, Ancient Civilization
- Ottoman, Nile, Civilization
- Ottoman Rule, Nile Delta, Deserts
- French Occupation, British Rule, 1882
- Muhammad Ali, Successors, 1805-82
- Abbas I, Said, 1848-63
- European Intervention, Colonization, Revolt
- Abbas Hilmi II, Ottoman Rule, Modernization
- WWI, Independence, Revolution
- Interwar, Nationalism, Revolution
- WWII, Aftermath, Revolution
- Revolution, Republic, Nile
- Sadat, Revolution, Arabism
- Mubarak, Politics, Revolution
- Unrest, Revolution, 2011
- Revolution, Democracy, Elections
- June 30 Revolution, Arab Spring, Tahrir Square
- Autocracy, Revolution, Repression
Ehrenberg, Christian Gottfried
Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg was a German biologist, microscopist, scientific explorer, and a founder of micropaleontologyâthe......
Eielson, Carl Ben
Carl Ben Eielson was an American aviator and explorer who was a pioneer of air travel in Alaska and the polar regions.......
El Salvador
El Salvador, country of quickly shifting terrain of volcanoes, fertile valleys, and Pacific shores in the heart......
Eliot, Sir Charles
Sir Charles Eliot was a diplomat and colonial administrator who initiated the policy of white supremacy in the......
Ellenborough, Edward Law, earl of, Viscount Southam of Southam, Baron Ellenborough of Ellenborough
Edward Law, earl of Ellenborough was a British governor-general of India (1842â44), who also served four times......
Ellsworth, Lincoln
Lincoln Ellsworth was an American explorer, engineer, and scientist who led the first trans-Arctic (1926) and trans-Antarctic......
Emblems of Australia
Australia has a federal form of government, with a central government and six constituent statesâNew South Wales,......
Emboabas, War of the
War of the Emboabas, (1708â09), conflict in the Captaincy of Minas Gerais, Brazil, between the original settlers......
Emin Pasha, Mehmed
Mehmed Emin Pasha was a physician, explorer, and governor of the Equatorial province of Egyptian Sudan who contributed......
empire
empire, major political unit in which the metropolis, or single sovereign authority, exercises control over territory......
Endecott, John
John Endecott was a colonial governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and cofounder of Salem, Mass., under whose......
England
England, predominant constituent unit of the United Kingdom, occupying more than half of the island of Great Britain.......
- Introduction
- Rivers, Coastline, Estuaries
- Celts, Anglo-Saxons, Normans
- Regions, Counties, History
- Midlands, Cities, Culture
- Manufacturing, Services, Agriculture
- Resources, Power, Economy
- Politics, Monarchy, Parliament
- Counties, Geography, History
- Justice, Law, Courts
- Housing, Urbanization, Architecture
- Culture, Traditions, Heritage
- Arts, Culture, Heritage
- Architecture, Gothic, Norman
- Art, Architecture, Landscape
- Theatre, Music, Dance
- Music, Folk, Choral
- Cultural Institutions
- Anglo-Saxon, Normans, Tudors
Enlightenment
Enlightenment, a European intellectual movement of the 17th and 18th centuries in which ideas concerning God, reason,......
Erasmus
Erasmus was a Dutch humanist who was the greatest scholar of the northern Renaissance, the first editor of the......
Erastus, Thomas
Thomas Erastus was a Swiss physician and religious controversialist whose name is preserved in Erastianism, a doctrine......
Erik the Red
Erik the Red was the founder of the first European settlement on Greenland (c. 985) and the father of Leif Erikson,......
Erskine, John
John Erskine was a Scottish lord of Dun and Calvinist Reformer. Erskine came of a wealthy and powerful family.......
Escalante, Silvestre VĂ©lez de
Silvestre VĂ©lez de Escalante was a Spanish Franciscan missionary-explorer, who in 1776â77 with his superior Francisco......
Essex, Walter Devereux, 1st earl of, Viscount Hereford, Lord Ferrers, Lord Bourchier
Walter Devereux, 1st earl of Essex was an English soldier who led an unsuccessful colonizing expedition to the......
Estéban de Dorantes
Estéban de Dorantes was an enslaved Moroccan man who was a member of the Narvåez expedition to the Gulf Coast and......
Ethical Policy
Ethical Policy, in Indonesian history, a program introduced by the Dutch in the East Indies at the turn of the......
Eudoxus Of Cyzicus
Eudoxus Of Cyzicus was a Greek navigator and explorer who made the first known attempt to circumnavigate Africa......
Europe
Europe, second smallest of the worldâs continents, composed of the westward-projecting peninsulas of Eurasia (the......
- Introduction
- Geology, Tectonics, Plate Boundaries
- Hercynian, Orogenic, Belt
- Cenozoic, Igneous, Provinces
- Geography, Climate, People
- Mediterranean, Balkan, Iberian
- Climate, Regions, Weather
- Flora, Fauna, Ecosystems
- Wildlife, Fauna, Ecosystems
- Migration, Ethnicity, Religion
- Religions, Faiths, Beliefs
- Trade, Manufacturing, Services
- Resources, Power, Geography
- Manufacturing, Industries, Trade
- Tourism, Culture, History
European exploration
European exploration, exploration of regions of Earth for scientific, commercial, religious, military, and other......
Evans, George William
George William Evans was an English surveyor and explorer notable for his discoveries in the interior of New South......
Eyre, Edward John
Edward John Eyre was an English explorer in Australia for whom Lake Eyre and the Eyre Peninsula (both in South......
Faidherbe, Louis
Louis Faidherbe was the governor of French Senegal in 1854â61 and 1863â65 and a major founder of Franceâs colonial......
Falconetto, Giovanni Maria
Giovanni Maria Falconetto was an Italian painter and architect. His father, Giacomo Falconetto, a brother, Giovanni......
Falkland Islands
Falkland Islands, internally self-governing overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the South Atlantic Ocean.......
Famous Books During the Mughal Empire
The literary culture of the Mughal Empire was among the most productive in the early modern world, and its surviving......
Farel, Guillaume
Guillaume Farel was a reformer and preacher primarily responsible for introducing the Reformation to French-speaking......
Farnese, Palazzo
Palazzo Farnese, Roman palace that serves as an important example of High Renaissance architecture. It was designed......
Fashoda Incident
Fashoda Incident, (September 18, 1898), the climax, at Fashoda, Egyptian Sudan (now Kodok, South Sudan), of a series......
Febvre, Lucien Paul Victor
Lucien Paul Victor Febvre was a French historian of the early modern period and organizer of major national and......
Fernandes, AntĂłnio
AntĂłnio Fernandes was a Portuguese explorer in central Africa. Fernandes, a carpenter by trade, was exiled to Africa......
Fernandes, JoĂŁo
JoĂŁo Fernandes was a Portuguese traveler to West Africa whose seven-month stay among the nomads of RĂo de Oro (later......
Fernandes, Ălvaro
Ălvaro Fernandes was a Portuguese sea captain, one of Prince Henry the Navigatorâs explorers of West Africa. In......
FernĂĄndez, Juan
Juan FernĂĄndez was a navigator in the service of Spain who in 1563 sailed from Callao, Peru, to ValparaĂso, Chile,......
Ferry, Jules
Jules Ferry was a French statesman of the early Third Republic, notable both for his anticlerical education policy......
Fiennes, Sir Ranulph
Sir Ranulph Fiennes is a British adventurer, pioneering polar explorer, and writer, who, among his many exploits,......
Fiji
Fiji, country and archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean. It surrounds the Koro Sea about 1,300 miles (2,100 km)......
Filarete
Filarete was an architect, sculptor, and writer, who is chiefly important for his Trattato dâarchitettura (âTreatise......
Filchner, Wilhelm
Wilhelm Filchner was a scientist and explorer who led the German Antarctic expedition of 1911â12. In 1900 Filchner......
Films Set in the Mughal Era
The Mughal era (1526â1857) has been a particularly enduring wellspring of narratives told and retold on the big......
First Battle of Panipat
First Battle of Panipat, one of the three conflicts that took place between 1526 and 1761 at Panipat (now in Haryana,......
Flacius Illyricus, Matthias
Matthias Flacius Illyricus was a Lutheran Reformer, pioneer in church historical studies, and theological controversialist......
Flegel, Eduard Robert
Eduard Robert Flegel was a German explorer in Africa who was the first European to reach the source of the Benue......
Flinders, Matthew
Matthew Flinders was an English navigator who charted much of the Australian coast. Flinders entered the Royal......
Floating Instrument Platform
Floating Instrument Platform (FLIP), oceanographic study platform developed in the United States. It combines the......
Floris, Cornelis II
Cornelis II Floris was a Flemish sculptor, engraver, and medalist whose Antwerp workshop contributed significantly......
Flémalle, Master of
Master of Flémalle was a leading artist of the northern Renaissance, whose work is characterized by naturalistic......
Fontenelle, Bernard Le Bovier, sieur de
Bernard Le Bovier, sieur de Fontenelle was a French scientist and man of letters, described by Voltaire as the......
Forrest, Sir John
Sir John Forrest was an explorer and statesman who led pioneer expeditions into Australiaâs western interior. As......
Fort Stanwix, Treaties of
Treaties of Fort Stanwix, (1768, 1784), cessions by the Iroquois Confederacy of land in what are now western Pennsylvania,......
Fortune, Robert
Robert Fortune was a Scottish botanist and traveler. He was employed by the Edinburgh Botanical Garden and afterward......
Fourteen Points
Fourteen Points, (January 8, 1918), declaration by U.S. Pres. Woodrow Wilson during World War I outlining his proposals......
Foxe, John
John Foxe was an English Puritan preacher and author of The Book of Martyrs, a graphic and polemic account of those......
France
France, country of northwestern Europe. Historically and culturally among the most important nations in the Western......
- Introduction
- Alps, Mediterranean, Atlantic
- Hercynian Massifs
- Lowlands, Rivers, Climate
- Alps, Pyrenees, Plains
- Rivers, Alps, Mediterranean
- Soils, Climate, Geology
- Climate, Mediterranean, Atlantic
- Flora, Fauna, Alps
- Ethnicity, Immigration, Language
- Religion, Catholicism, Secularism
- Urbanization, Regions, Departments
- Population, Migration, Ageing
- Immigration, Multiculturalism, Integration
- Population, Regions, Ethnicity
- Urbanization, Regions, Migration
- Manufacturing, Agriculture, Tourism
- Farming, Crops, Livestock
- Resources, Power, Economy
- Manufacturing, Automotive, Textiles
- Economy, Banking, Taxation
- Trade, Manufacturing, Agriculture
- Services, Infrastructure, Economy
- Labour, Taxation, Economy
- Railways, Highways, Airports
- Politics, Regions, Culture
- Parliament, Composition, Functions
- Regional, Local Gov't
- Justice, Legal System, Civil Law
- Politics, Constitution, Elections
- Security, Military, Geopolitics
- Healthcare, Social Security, Quality of Life
- Education, Literacy, Schools
- Culture, Cuisine, Arts
- Cuisine, Culture, Language
- Art, Culture, History
- Art, Culture, History
- Dance, Ballet, Folk
- Cinema, Film, Directors
- Cultural Institutions
- Sports, Recreation, Culture
- Media, Publishing, Culture
- Revolution, Monarchy, Republic
- Roman Conquest, Gaul, Franks
- Gaul, Roman Empire, 250-400
- Roman Gaul, 400-500
- Merovingian, Carolingian, Monarchy
- Merovingians, Gauls, Franks
- Merovingians, Franks, Charlemagne
- Clovis, Merovingians, Franks
- Reunification, Merovingians, Franks
- Carolingian Dynasty, Charlemagne, Merovingians
- Charlemagne, Franks, Gauls
- Louis I, Monarchy, Revolution
- Partition, Carolingian, Empire
- Franks, Charlemagne, Gauls
- Institutions, Politics, Economy
- Economy, Manufacturing, Agriculture
- Religion, Catholicism, Monasteries
- Carolingian Literature, Arts
- Revolution, Monarchy, Republic
- Medieval, Capetian, Monarchy
- Provence, Languedoc, Aquitaine
- Monarchy, Revolution, Republic
- Medieval, Feudalism, Monarchy
- Urbanization, Prosperity, Culture
- Rural Life, Agriculture, Cuisine
- Religion, Culture, Heritage
- Cathedrals, Scholasticism, Monasteries
- Art, Cuisine, Education
- Medieval, Monarchy, Feudalism
- Louis IX, Monarchy, Crusades
- Later Capetians, Monarchy, Revolution
- EU, Diplomacy, Trade
- Hundred Years War, Medieval Europe, Monarchy
- Philip VI, Monarchy, Revolution
- John the Good, Monarchy, Revolution
- Charles V, Monarchy, Renaissance
- Charles VI, Monarchy, Revolution
- Charles VII, Monarchy, Hundred Years' War
- Reunification, Hundred Years War, Joan of Arc
- Military Reforms
- 14th Century, 15th Century, Feudalism
- Renaissance, Monarchy, Revolution
- Professionalism, Bureaucracy, Governance
- Reformation, Religion, Culture
- Wars, Religion, Conflict
- Politics, Ideology, Revolution
- Absolutism, Religious Conflict, Louis XIII
- Louis XIII, Monarchy, Absolutism
- Fronde, Civil War, Nobles
- Monarchy, Revolution, Culture
- Louis' Religious Policy
- Absolutism, Louis XIV, Monarchy
- European Union, Diplomacy, Sovereignty
- Baroque, Enlightenment, Revolution
- Revolution, Monarchy, Enlightenment
- History, Culture, Politics
- Cultural Transformation, Revolution, Enlightenment
- Politics, Revolution, Reform
- Foreign Policy, Financial Crisis
- Reform, Politics, Economy
- Tax Reform, Economy, Politics
- Parlements, Politics, Revolution
- Monarchy, Parlements, Revolution
- Revolution, Monarchy, Equality
- Revolution, Napoleon, 1789-1815
- Parisian Revolt, Revolution, 1871
- Peasant Insurgencies
- Abolition, Feudalism, Revolution
- Revolution, Republic, Napoleon
- Restructuring, Politics, Economy
- Discord, Revolution, Republic
- Religious Tensions
- Political Tensions, Revolution, Republic
- Revolution, Republic, Napoleon
- Revolution, Republic, Crisis
- Girondins, Montagnards, Revolution
- Revolution, Terror, Guillotine
- Jacobin Dictatorship, Revolution, Republic
- Army, Republic, Revolution
- Thermidorian Reaction, Revolution, Republic
- Revolution, Directory, Monarchy
- Revolution, Empire, Napoleon
- Revolution, Napoleon, Republic
- Revolution, Equality, Liberty
- Campaigns, Conquests, 1797-1807
- Continental System, Napoleonic Wars, Blockade
- Conscription, Military, Draft
- Revolution, Napoleon, Empire
- Revolution, Empire, Republic
- Charles X, Bourbon, Revolution
- Revolution, 1830, Monarchy
- July Monarchy, Revolution, Napoleon
- Revolution, Napoleon, Republic
- Revolution, Republic, Monarchy
- Napoleon III, Revolution, Unification
- Revolution, Republic, Politics
- Commune, Paris, Revolution
- Industrialization, Republic, Revolution
- Constitution, Third Republic, Politics
- Opportunist, Control, Revolution
- Dreyfus Affair, Anti-Semitism, Politics
- European Union, Diplomacy, Sovereignty
- Prewar, Politics, Economy
- WWI, Battlefields, Armistice
- Interwar, Politics, Economy
- Leftist Politics, Unrest, Revolution
- Great Depression, Political Crises
- German Aggressions
- Education, Politics, Culture
- Culture, Science, Attainments
- Postwar Recovery, EU, Culture
- Resistance, WWII, Liberation
- Politics, Constitution, Revolution
- Politics, Culture, Economy
- Politics, Economy, Culture
- Socialist, Presidency, Economy
- Politics, Economy, Culture
- Euro Zone Crisis, Socialist Resurgence
- Hollande, Reforms, Economy
- Modernization, Immigration, EU
- Art, Cuisine, History
- Kings, Revolution, Napoleon
Francesco di Giorgio
Francesco di Giorgio was an early Italian Renaissance painter, sculptor, architect, and designer. Remarkably versatile,......
Francia
Francia was an Italian Renaissance artist and the major Bolognese painter of the late 15th century. He is considered......
Franciabigio
Franciabigio was an Italian Renaissance painter, best known for his portraits and religious paintings. His style......
Francis, Sir Philip
Sir Philip Francis was an English politician and pamphleteer, known as an antagonist of Warren Hastings, the first......
Franck, Sebastian
Sebastian Franck was a German Protestant Reformer and theologian who converted from Roman Catholicism to Lutheranism......
Franklin expedition
Franklin expedition, British expedition (1845â48), led by Sir John Franklin, to find the Northwest Passage through......
Franklin, Benjamin
Benjamin Franklin was an American printer and publisher, author, inventor and scientist, and diplomat. One of the......
Franklin, Sir John
Sir John Franklin was an English rear admiral and explorer who led an ill-fated expedition (1845) in search of......
Fraser, Simon
Simon Fraser was a Canadian fur trader and explorer who discovered the Fraser River in British Columbia. Fraser,......
French and Indian War
French and Indian War, American phase of a worldwide nine yearsâ war (1754â63) fought between France and Great......
French Equatorial Africa
French Equatorial Africa, collectively, four French territories in central Africa from 1910 to 1959. In 1960 the......
French Guiana
French Guiana, overseas territorial collectivity of France, situated on the northeastern coast of South America.......
French West Africa
French West Africa, administrative grouping under French rule from 1895 until 1958 of the former French territories......
Freshfield, Douglas
Douglas Freshfield was a British mountaineer, explorer, geographer, and author who advocated the recognition of......
Freycinet, Louis-Claude de Saulces de
Louis-Claude de Saulces de Freycinet was a French naval officer and cartographer who explored portions of Australia......
Frobisher, Sir Martin
Sir Martin Frobisher was an English navigator and early explorer of Canadaâs northeast coast. Frobisher went on......
Frontenac, Louis de Buade, comte de
Louis de Buade, comte de Frontenac was a French courtier and governor of New France (1672â82 and 1689â98) who,......
Frémont, John C.
John C. Frémont was an American military officer and an early explorer and mapmaker of the American West, who was......
Fuchs, Vivian
Vivian Fuchs was an English geologist and explorer who led the historic British Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition......
Gabrieli, Andrea
Andrea Gabrieli was an Italian Renaissance composer and organist, known for his madrigals and his large-scale choral......
Gadifer de La Salle
Gadifer de La Salle was a Poitevin adventurer who, with Jean de BĂ©thencourt, began the conquest of the Canary Islands.......
Gallican Confession
Gallican Confession, Christian statement of faith adopted in 1559 in Paris by the first National Synod of the Reformed......
Galloway, Joseph
Joseph Galloway was a distinguished American colonial attorney and legislator who remained loyal to Great Britain......
Galton, Francis
Francis Galton was an English explorer, anthropologist, and eugenicist known for his pioneering studies of human......
Gama, Vasco da
Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese navigator whose voyages to India (1497â99, 1502â03, 1524) opened up the sea route......
Gambia, The
The Gambia, country in western Africa situated on the Atlantic coast and surrounded by the neighbouring country......
Garnier, Francis
Francis Garnier was a French naval officer, colonial administrator, and explorer. Garnier, the son of an army officer,......
Gaspee, Burning of the
Burning of the Gaspee, (June 10, 1772), in U.S. colonial history, act of open civil defiance of British authority......
Gates of Paradise
Gates of Paradise, the pair of gilded bronze doors (1425â52) designed by the sculptor Lorenzo Ghiberti for the......
Gates, Horatio
Horatio Gates was an English-born American general in the American Revolution (1775â83) whose victory over the......
Gattamelata
Gattamelata, bronze statue of the Venetian condottiere Erasmo da Narni (popularly known as Gattamelata, meaning......
Gaulle, Charles de
Charles de Gaulle was a French soldier, writer, statesman, and architect of Franceâs Fifth Republic. De Gaulle......