- Byname of:
- Arjumand Banu
- Also called:
- Arjumand Banu Begum
- House / Dynasty:
- Mughal dynasty
- Notable Family Members:
- spouse Shah Jahan
- son Aurangzeb
Mumtaz Mahal
Mumtaz Mahal, (born c. 1593—died June 17, 1631, Burhanpur, India), wife of Shah Jahan, Mughal emperor of India (1628–58). Having died at a young age only a few years into her husband’s reign, her memory inspired the construction of the Taj Mahal, where she is entombed.
Life, family, and marriage
Born Arjumand Banu, she was a member of a family that came to command the inner court of the Mughal dynasty in the 17th century. Her family’s high status was secured when her aunt Mehr un-Nissa married Shah Jahan’s father, Jahangir, in 1611 (and thereafter she was known as Nur Jahān). Arjumand’s grandfather Mirza Ghiyas Beg (known also as Itimad ud-Daulah, “Pillar of the State”), who had entered the royal court during the reign of Akbar (reigned 1556–1605), was then appointed the grand vizier of the empire. Aṣaf Khan, Arjumand’s father and Nur Jahan’s brother, also attained a high rank within the court and later became grand vizier under Shah Jahan.
Arjumand was betrothed to Prince Khurram (the pre-regnal name of Shah Jahan) in 1607, but it was not until 1612—the date chosen by the court astrologers—that they were permitted to marry. In the meantime, he had taken another wife, and Arjumand thus became his second wife. She bore 14 children during their marriage, seven of whom survived to adulthood. Their third son was Aurangzeb, the last great Mughal emperor (1658–1707).
Legacy
Shah Jahan acceded the throne in 1628 and conferred on Arjumand the title of Mumtaz Mahal (“Chosen One of the Palace”). Though she did not assert authority to the extent her aunt had done, she used her position to promote humanitarian programs for the needy. In 1631, though pregnant, she accompanied Shah Jahan on a military campaign in the Deccan. While in Burhanpur, she gave birth to their 14th child and soon after died from hemorrhaging. She was buried temporarily in Burhanpur, until her body was transferred to Agra in January 1632. That same month, construction began on the Taj Mahal over the site of her burial.