Economics & Economic Systems, WOR-ŠIK
Economic system, any of the ways in which humankind has arranged for its material provisioning. One would think that there would be a great variety of such systems, corresponding to the many cultural arrangements that have characterized human society.
Economics & Economic Systems Encyclopedia Articles By Title
World Federation of Trade Unions
World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU), leftist-oriented international labour organization founded in 1945 by......
world’s fair
world’s fair, large international exhibition of a wide variety of industrial, scientific, and cultural items that......
Writers’ Union of the U.S.S.R.
Writers’ Union of the U.S.S.R., organization formed in 1932 by a decree of the Central Committee of the Communist......
Yellen, Janet
Janet Yellen is an American economist, who was the chair (2014–18) of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve......
Yellow-dog contract
Yellow-dog contract, agreement between an employer and an employee in which the employee agrees, as a condition......
yen
yen, monetary unit of Japan. The yen was divided into 100 sen and into 1,000 rin until 1954, when these tiny denominations......
yield curve
yield curve, in economics and finance, a curve that shows the interest rate associated with different contract......
Young America Movement
Young America Movement, philosophical, economic, spiritual, and political concept in vogue in the United States......
Yunus, Muhammad
Muhammad Yunus is a Bangladeshi economist and founder of the Grameen Bank, an institution that provides microcredit......
za
za, in feudal Japan, any of the mercantile or craft guilds that flourished about 1100–1590. They did not become......
zaibatsu
zaibatsu, (Japanese: “wealthy clique”), any of the large capitalist enterprises of Japan before World War II, similar......
zakat
zakat, an obligatory tax required of Muslims, one of the five Pillars of Islam. The zakat is levied on five categories......
zamindar
zamindar, in India, a holder or occupier (dār) of land (zamīn). The root words are Persian, and the resulting name......
Zhang Juzheng
Zhang Juzheng was a powerful Chinese minister during the years of the reign (1566/67–72) of the emperor Muzong......
Zhao Ziyang
Zhao Ziyang was the premier of China (1980–87) and general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (1987–89).......
Zhivkov, Todor
Todor Zhivkov was the first secretary of the ruling Bulgarian Communist Party’s Central Committee (1954–89) and......
Zhou Enlai
Zhou Enlai was a leading figure in the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and premier (1949–76) and foreign minister......
Zhou Xiaochuan
Zhou Xiaochuan is a Chinese economist, banking executive, and government official who served as the governor of......
Zhu De
Zhu De was one of China’s greatest military leaders and the founder of the Chinese communist army. Born into a......
Zhu Rongji
Zhu Rongji was a Chinese politician who was a leading economic reformer in the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). He......
Zinovyev, Grigory Yevseyevich
Grigory Yevseyevich Zinovyev was a revolutionary who worked closely with Lenin in the Bolshevik Party before the......
zloty
zloty, monetary unit of Poland. Each zloty (spelled złoty in Polish) is divided into 100 groszy. The National Bank......
Zoning
Zoning, the legislative method of controlling land use by regulating such considerations as the type of buildings......
Zubatov, Sergey Vasilyevich
Sergey Vasilyevich Zubatov was a tsarist colonel of the Russian gendarmes known for his establishment of a system......
Zyuganov, Gennady Andreyevich
Gennady Andreyevich Zyuganov is a Russian politician who served as leader of the Communist Party of the Russian......
Çiller, Tansu
Tansu Çiller is a Turkish economist and politician, who was Turkey’s first female prime minister (1993–96). Çiller......
Ōkita Saburo
Ōkita Saburo was a Japanese economist and government official who was instrumental in developing the plan that......
Šik, Ota
Ota Šik was a Czech economist who laid the economic groundwork for the reforms of the Prague Spring of 1968. Šik......