Business & Marketing, MON-REB
Learn about the different types of companies and business structures, as well as sales, advertising, and other facets of marketing.
Business & Marketing Encyclopedia Articles By Title
Monument Records: Roy Orbisonâs Musical Landmarks
Roy Orbisonâs sequence of nine Top Ten hits for Monument Recordsâfrom âOnly the Lonelyâ in 1960 to âOh, Pretty......
Morgan Stanley
Morgan Stanley is a legacy American financial institution founded in 1935 and headquartered in New York City. The......
Motion Picture Patents Company
Motion Picture Patents Company, trust of 10 film producers and distributors who attempted to gain complete control......
Motorola, Inc.
Motorola, Inc., American manufacturer and one of the historic brands of wireless communications and electronic......
Motown
Motown, recording company founded by Berry Gordy, Jr., in Detroit in January 1959 that became one of the most successful......
MS NOW
MS NOW is an American cable television news and political commentary channel launched in 1996 as MSNBC. MS NOW......
MTV
MTV is a cable television network that began as a 24-hour channel for music videos. SKYD MTV debuted just after......
MTV
The Bugglesâ âVideo Killed the Radio Star,â the first music video broadcast on MTV (Music TeleVision) when it debuted......
multinational corporation
multinational corporation (MNC), any corporation that is registered and operates in more than one country at a......
Nabisco
Nabisco, former U.S. snack food and bakery product company. The National Biscuit Company was formed in 1898 when......
National Broadcasting Co., Inc.
National Broadcasting Co., Inc. (NBC), major American commercial broadcasting company, since 2004 the television......
National Intergroup, Inc.
National Intergroup, Inc. (NII), American holding company established in 1983 to facilitate the diversification......
National Recovery Administration
National Recovery Administration (NRA), U.S. government agency established by Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt to stimulate......
Nationalization
Nationalization, alteration or assumption of control or ownership of private property by the state. It is historically......
Navistar International Corporation
Navistar International Corporation, leading American producer of medium- and heavy-duty trucks and for many years......
NBCUniversal
NBCUniversal, global media and entertainment company that develops, produces, and markets news and entertainment......
NCR Voyix Corporation
NCR Voyix Corporation, NCR Voyix is an American e-commerce company known for its digital banking and point-of-service......
NEC Corporation
NEC Corporation, major Japanese multinational corporation, producer of telecommunications equipment and related......
Neiman Marcus
Neiman Marcus, prestigious department-store chain. It was founded in Dallas, Texas, in 1907, and from the beginning......
Nestlé SA
Nestlé SA, multinational manufacturer of food products. It is headquartered in Vevey, Switzerland, and operates......
Netflix
Netflix, Inc. is a media company based in Los Gatos, California, founded in 1997 by American entrepreneurs Reed......
Netscape Communications Corp.
Netscape Communications Corp. , American developer of Internet software with headquarters in Mountain View, California.......
New Economic Policy
New Economic Policy (NEP), the economic policy of the government of the Soviet Union from 1921 to 1928, representing......
New York Central Railroad Company
New York Central Railroad Company, one of the major American railroads that connected the East Coast with the interior.......
New York, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad Company
New York, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad Company, American railroad that began operations between Buffalo, N.Y.,......
New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad Company
New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad Company, American railroad operating in southern New England and New......
News Corporation
News Corporation (âNews Corpâ) is a multinational media and information services conglomerate that was originally......
Nike, Inc.
Nike, Inc., is one of the largest and best-recognized global sports and athleticwear brands. Its extensive lineup......
Nikkatsu Motion Picture Company
Nikkatsu Motion Picture Company, Japanâs oldest motion-picture company. Established as an independent company in......
Nintendo
Nintendo Co., Ltd., began in the late 19th century as a small Japanese workshop making playing cards. Over more......
Nippon HĆsĆ KyĆkai
Nippon HĆsĆ KyĆkai (NHK), public radio and television system of Japan. It operates two television and three radio......
Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation
Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT), Japanese telecommunications company that almost monopolizes Japanâs......
Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. is a Japanese industrial corporation that manufactures automobiles, trucks, and buses under......
NKK Corporation
NKK Corporation, major Japanese industrial company and one of the countryâs largest steelmakers. Headquarters are......
Norfolk and Western Railway Company
Norfolk and Western Railway Company was an American railroad that originated as an eight-mile single-track line......
North West Company
North West Company, Canadian fur-trading company, once the chief rival of the powerful Hudsonâs Bay Company. The......
Northern Pacific Railway Company
Northern Pacific Railway Company, one of the northern transcontinental railroads of the United States, operating......
Northrop Grumman Corporation
Northrop Grumman Corporation, major American manufacturer specializing in defense and commercial aerospace, electronics,......
Northwest Airlines, Inc.
Northwest Airlines, Inc., American airline founded in 1926 as Northwest Airways, Inc., and incorporated on April......
Novartis AG
Novartis AG, Swiss company that is one of the worldâs largest manufacturers of pharmaceuticals. It was formed in......
Novo Nordisk
Novo Nordisk A/S is an international pharmaceutical research, development, and manufacturing corporation established......
NVIDIA
NVIDIA is a semiconductor company and a leading global manufacturer of high-end graphics processing units (GPUs).......
Occidental Petroleum Corporation
Occidental Petroleum Corporation, major American petroleum-producing company. Headquarters are in Los Angeles.......
Olympic Airlines
Olympic Airlines, Greek airline, formerly known as Olympic Airways, founded on April 6, 1957, by the Greek shipowner......
Opel AG
Opel AG, German automotive company, a wholly owned subsidiary of Stellantis NV, specializing in the manufacture......
OpenAI
OpenAI is an American artificial intelligence company known for developing ChatGPT and other products that helped......
Oracle Corp.
Oracle is global corporation that develops and markets software applications for business. The company is best......
Orange SA
Orange SA (formerly France TĂ©lĂ©com) is a Paris-based telecommunications company that held a monopoly in Franceâs......
Palantir Technologies, Inc.
Palantir Technologies is an American-based software company specializing in big data analytics. Headquartered in......
Pan American World Airways, Inc.
Pan American World Airways, Inc., former American airline that was founded in 1927 and, up until the final two......
Panama Papers
Panama Papers, documents from the database of the Panama-based law firm Mossack Fonseca that were made public in......
Panasonic
Panasonic Holdings is a major Japanese manufacturer of electric appliances, consumer electronics, rechargeable......
Paramount Global
Paramount Global was one of the largest media and entertainment conglomerates in the United States. It was formed......
Paramount Pictures
Paramount Pictures is one of the first and most successful of the Hollywood film studios. It became a subsidiary......
partnership
A partnership is a business owned by two or more people who agree to share its profits and losses. Each partner......
patent troll
patent troll, pejorative term for a company, found most often in the American information technology industry,......
pawnbroking
pawnbroking, business of advancing loans to customers who have pledged household goods or personal effects as security......
PayPal
PayPal is an American financial technology company headquartered in San Jose, California, that provides digital......
Pechiney
Pechiney, French state-owned, multinational holding company formed in December 1971 as Pechiney Ugine Kuhlmann......
Penguin Random House
Penguin Random House, publishing house formed by the merger of Penguin and Random House in 2013. It is one of the......
Pennsylvania Railroad Company
Pennsylvania Railroad Company, largest of the trunkline railroads that connected the East Coast of the United States......
Pennzoil Company
Pennzoil Company, American petroleum corporation that became an important producer of crude oil and natural gas......
PepsiCo, Inc.
PepsiCo, Inc., based in Purchase, New York, is one of the worldâs largest food and beverage companies. PepsiCo......
Perplexity AI
Perplexity AI is a conversational search engine that uses large language models (LLMs) to provide direct answers......
Peruzzi Family
Peruzzi Family, leading family of medieval Italian financiers whose bankruptcy in the 14th century contributed......
Petrobras
Petrobras, Brazilian oil and gas company that was founded in 1953 to engage in the exploration, production, refining,......
Petrofina SA
Petrofina SA, former Belgian petroleum conglomerate that was acquired in 1999 by Total, a French oil firm, to create......
PetrĂłleos de Venezuela, SA
PetrĂłleos de Venezuela, SA, state-owned Venezuelan company created through the nationalization of the petroleum......
PetrĂłleos Mexicanos
PetrĂłleos Mexicanos, state-owned Mexican company, a producer, refiner, and distributor of crude oil, natural gas,......
Pfizer Inc.
Pfizer Inc. is one of the worldâs largest research-based pharmaceutical and biomedical companies, known for developing,......
Philadelphia International Records: The Sound of Philadelphia
The Sound of Philadelphia in the 1970s was the bridge between Memphis soul and international disco and between......
Philips
...
Phillips Petroleum Company
Phillips Petroleum Company, former U.S. petroleum company that merged with Conoco in August 2002 to form ConocoPhillips.......
Pillsbury Company
Pillsbury Company, former American flour miller and food products manufacturer that was acquired by its rival,......
Pirelli SpA
Pirelli SpA, international holding company and major Italian manufacturer of tires and other rubber products. It......
Pixar
Pixar, motion-picture studio, from 2006 a wholly owned subsidiary of the Disney Company, that was instrumental......
Polaroid Corporation
Polaroid Corporation, American manufacturer of cameras, film, and optical equipment founded by Edwin Herbert Land......
Polymarket
Polymarket is a blockchain-based prediction market platform that allows users to speculate on the outcome of real-world......
PPG Industries, Inc.
PPG Industries, Inc., a leading American and international producer of coatings, flat glass, chemicals, and chemical......
Pritzker family
Pritzker family, American family prominent in business and philanthropy during the later 20th century. The familyâs......
privatization
privatization, transfer of government services or assets to the private sector. State-owned assets may be sold......
Profile Records: âRun This Wayâ
Hip-hop was scorned by the established music industry as a novelty idiom until 1986, when Run-D.M.C. enrolled Aerosmithâs......
PSA Group
PSA Group, major French automotive manufacturer and holding company that was formed from the merger of Peugeot......
public company
public company, a company that issues shares of stock to be traded on a public exchange or an unlisted securities......
public enterprise
public enterprise, a business organization wholly or partly owned by the state and controlled through a public......
QVC, Inc.
QVC, Inc. is an American television network and multimedia retailer; its name stands for quality, value, and convenience.......
R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, American manufacturer of tobacco products. The origins of the R.J. Reynolds Tobacco......
RAG Aktiengesellschaft
RAG Aktiengesellschaft, German company that was created in order to consolidate all coal-mining activities in the......
RAK Records
For a long time, London pop was cynical, inept, or ironic. In the early 1970s a new generation of producersâheedful......
Ralston Purina Company
Ralston Purina Company, former American manufacturer of cereals, packaged foods, pet food, and livestock feed.......
RCA Corporation
RCA Corporation, major American electronics and broadcasting conglomerate that is a unit of General Electric Company.......
REA Express, Inc.
REA Express, Inc., American company that at one time operated the nationâs largest ground and air express services,......
Reading Company
Reading Company, American railroad in Pennsylvania, New York, and Delaware, absorbed into the Consolidated Rail......
rebate
rebate, retroactive refund or credit given to a buyer after he has paid the full list price for a product or for......