The Modern World, KLU-LIS
Industrialization, nationalism, world war, decolonization, and technological change have made the modern world a time of staggering disruption and reinvention. Explore the forces that shaped it.
The Modern World Encyclopedia Articles By Title
Kluge, Günther von
Günther von Kluge was a German field marshal who was one of Adolf Hitler’s ablest commanders on the Eastern Front......
Koch, Ilse
Ilse Koch was a German war criminal who became notorious for her perversion and cruelty while her husband was commandant......
Koch, Karl Otto
Karl Otto Koch was a German commandant of several Nazi concentration camps and husband of the infamous Ilse Koch.......
Koenig, Marie-Pierre
Marie-Pierre Koenig was a French army officer who became one of the leading commanders of General Charles de Gaulle’s......
Koestler, Arthur
Arthur Koestler was a Hungarian-born British novelist, journalist, and critic, best known for his novel Darkness......
Koiso Kuniaki
Koiso Kuniaki was a Japanese army general and prime minister during the final phase of World War II. Koiso graduated......
Kokoda Track Campaign
Kokoda Track Campaign, series of military operations fought between Australian and Japanese troops in New Guinea......
Kolbe, St. Maksymilian Maria
St. Maksymilian Maria Kolbe ; feast day August 14; canonized October 10, 1982) was a Franciscan priest and religious......
Kollontay, Aleksandra Mikhaylovna
Aleksandra Mikhaylovna Kollontay was a Russian revolutionary who advocated radical changes in traditional social......
Komunyakaa, Yusef
Yusef Komunyakaa is a poet and professor best known for his autobiographical poems about African American identity,......
Konev, Ivan Stepanovich
Ivan Stepanovich Konev was one of the outstanding Soviet generals in World War II, who was a leader of the offensive......
Konoe Fumimaro
Konoe Fumimaro was a political leader and prime minister of Japan (1937–39, 1940–41), who tried unsuccessfully......
Konovalov, Aleksandr Ivanovich
Aleksandr Ivanovich Konovalov was a liberal Russian factory owner and political figure. He played a supporting......
Korean Air Lines flight 007
Korean Air Lines flight 007, flight of a passenger jet that was shot down by Soviet air-to-air missiles on September......
Korean War
Korean War, conflict between the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea) and the Republic of Korea......
Korean War Timeline
The Korean War was fought from 1950 to 1953, killing at least 2.5 million people. This timeline summarizes this......
Korean War Veterans Memorial
Korean War Veterans Memorial, monument in Washington, D.C., honoring the U.S. military personnel who served in......
Kosygin, Aleksey Nikolayevich
Aleksey Nikolayevich Kosygin was a Soviet statesman and premier of the Soviet Union (1964–80). He was a competent......
Kovic, Ron
Ron Kovic is a Vietnam War veteran, activist, and author who became a leading antiwar figure in the 1970s. Kovic......
Košice government
Košice government, pro-Soviet Czechoslovak provisional government that inaugurated far-reaching socialist programs......
Kramer, Josef
Josef Kramer was a German commander of the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp (1944–45), notorious for his cruelty.......
Krancke, Theodor
Theodor Krancke was a German naval commander during World War II. Krancke joined the German navy in 1912 and served......
Krasnov, Pyotr Nikolayevich
Pyotr Nikolayevich Krasnov was an imperial Russian army officer and a commander of anti-Bolshevik forces during......
Kristallnacht
Kristallnacht, the night of November 9–10, 1938, when German Nazis attacked Jewish persons and property. The name......
Kronshtadt Rebellion
Kronshtadt Rebellion, (March 1921), one of several major internal uprisings against Soviet rule in Russia after......
Krueger, Walter
Walter Krueger was a U.S. Army officer whose 6th Army helped free Japanese-held islands in the Pacific Ocean during......
Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach, Alfried
Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach was a German industrialist, the last member of the Krupp dynasty of munitions......
Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach, Gustav
Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach was a German diplomat who married the heiress of the Krupp family of industrialists,......
Krupskaya, Nadezhda Konstantinovna
Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya was a revolutionary who became the wife of Vladimir I. Lenin, played a central......
Kurd
Kurd, any member of an ethnic and linguistic group concentrated in the Taurus Mountains of southeastern Anatolia,......
Kursk, Battle of
Battle of Kursk, (July 5–August 23, 1943), unsuccessful German assault on the Soviet salient around the city of......
Kuwait
Kuwait, country of the Arabian Peninsula located in the northwestern corner of the Persian Gulf. A small emirate......
Kuznetsov, Vasily Vasilyevich
Vasily Vasilyevich Kuznetsov was a Soviet official and diplomat. Kuznetsov studied metallurgical engineering at......
Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan, country of Central Asia. It is bounded by Kazakhstan on the northwest and north, by China on the east......
Kyshtym disaster
Kyshtym disaster, explosion of buried nuclear waste from a plutonium-processing plant near Kyshtym, Chelyabinsk......
Kállay, Miklós
Miklós Kállay was a politician who, as prime minister of Hungary in World War II, unsuccessfully attempted to extricate......
La Guma, Alex
Alex La Guma was a black novelist of South Africa in the 1960s whose characteristically brief works (e.g., A Walk......
Lancaster
...
Lange, Dorothea
Dorothea Lange was an American documentary photographer whose portraits of displaced farmers during the Great Depression......
Lanrezac, Charles
Charles Lanrezac was a French army commander during the first part of World War I who, though a capable tactician,......
Lanzmann, Claude
Claude Lanzmann was a French journalist, writer, and film director best known for his film Shoah (1985), a nine-and-a-half-hour......
Largo Caballero, Francisco
Francisco Largo Caballero was a Spanish socialist leader, prominent during the Second Republic, of which he became......
Lattre de Tassigny, Jean de
Jean de Lattre de Tassigny was a French army officer and posthumous marshal of France who became one of the leading......
Latvia
Latvia, country of northeastern Europe and the middle of the three Baltic states. Latvia, which was occupied and......
Lausanne Conference
Lausanne Conference, (June–July 1932), conference that was held to liquidate the payment of reparations by Germany......
Lausanne, Treaty of
Treaty of Lausanne, final treaty concluding World War I. It was signed on July 24, 1923, by representatives of......
Laval, Pierre
Pierre Laval was a French politician and statesman who led the Vichy government in policies of collaboration with......
Lawson, James
James Lawson was an American minister who was instrumental in the founding of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating......
Layton, Jack
Jack Layton was a Canadian politician who was leader of the New Democratic Party (NDP) from 2003 to 2011. Layton......
Le Duan
Le Duan was a Vietnamese communist politician. Le Duan was a founding member of the Indochina Communist Party in......
Le Duc Tho
Le Duc Tho was a Vietnamese politician who, acting as an adviser to North Vietnam, negotiated a cease-fire agreement......
Leaders of Germany
Germany is a federal multiparty republic with two legislative houses. Its government is headed by the chancellor......
Leaders of Ireland
Until the 17th century, political power in Ireland was shared among small earldoms. Afterward, Ireland effectively......
Leaders of Muscovy, Russia, the Russian Empire, and the Soviet Union
Russia is a federal multiparty republic with a bicameral legislative body; its head of state is the president,......
Leaders of World War I
Here are the political leaders who shaped the course of World War I. list, World War I, Allies, Central Powers,......
Leahy, William Daniel
William Daniel Leahy was an American naval officer who served as personal chief of staff to President Franklin......
Lebanon
Lebanon, country consisting of a narrow strip of territory on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea with its......
- Introduction
- Mediterranean, Arid, Temperate
- Economy, Trade, Agriculture
- Trade, Agriculture, Manufacturing
- Politics, Sectarianism, Conflict
- Health, Welfare, Infrastructure
- Art, Music, Poetry
- Phoenicians, Ottoman, Civil War
- Phoenicia, Colonial, Commerce
- Trade, Agriculture, Manufacturing
- Assyrian, Babylonian, Phoenicia
- Medieval, Crusades, Phoenicians
- French Mandate, Mediterranean, Phoenicians
- Civil War, Sectarianism, Reconstruction
- Civil War, Sectarianism, Conflict
- Civil War, Mediterranean, Democracy
- Factional Wrangling, Hezbollah, Politics
- Debt Crisis, Economy, Politics
Leclerc, Jacques-Philippe
Jacques-Philippe Leclerc was a French general and war hero who achieved fame as the liberator of Paris. Born into......
Lee, John Clifford Hodges
John Clifford Hodges Lee was a U.S. Army logistics officer who oversaw the buildup of American troops and supplies......
Leigh-Mallory, Trafford
Trafford Leigh-Mallory was a British air marshal who commanded the Allied air forces in the Normandy Invasion (1944)......
LeMay, Curtis E
Curtis E. LeMay was a U.S. Air Force officer whose expertise in strategic bombardment techniques was important......
Lemnitzer, Lyman
Lyman Lemnitzer was a U.S. Army general, commander of the United Nations forces in the Korean War (1955–57), chairman......
Lenin
Lenin, world’s first nuclear-powered surface ship, a large icebreaker built by the Soviet Union in Leningrad (St.......
Lenin, Vladimir
Vladimir Lenin was the founder of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks), inspirer and leader of the Bolshevik......
Leningrad, Siege of
Siege of Leningrad, prolonged siege (September 8, 1941–January 27, 1944) of the city of Leningrad (St. Petersburg)......
Leninism
Leninism, principles expounded by Vladimir I. Lenin, who was the preeminent figure in the Russian Revolution of......
Lenin’s Testament
Lenin’s Testament, two-part document dictated by Vladimir I. Lenin on Dec. 23–26, 1922, and Jan. 4, 1923, and addressed......
Leon Trotsky on Lenin
Leon Trotsky’s essay on Vladimir Lenin is historically significant not because it is trustworthy in its judgments......
Leopold III
Leopold III was the king of the Belgians, whose actions as commander in chief of the Belgian army during the German......
Lettow-Vorbeck, Paul von
Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck was a lieutenant colonel commanding Germany’s small African force during World War I (1914–18),......
Levi, Primo
Primo Levi was an Italian-Jewish writer and chemist, noted for his restrained and moving autobiographical account......
Lewis, John
John Lewis was an American civil rights leader and politician best known for his chairmanship of the Student Nonviolent......
Leyte Gulf, Battle of
Battle of Leyte Gulf, (October 23–26, 1944), decisive air and sea battle of World War II that crippled the Japanese......
Liberia
Liberia, country along the coast of western Africa. Liberia’s terrain ranges from the low and sandy coastal plains......
Libya
Libya, country located in North Africa. Most of the country lies in the Sahara desert, and much of its population......
Lidice
Lidice, village, Czech Republic, just northwest of Prague. Before World War II it was a mining settlement of the......
Lie, Trygve
Trygve Lie was a Norwegian politician and diplomat, the first secretary-general of the United Nations (1946–52),......
Life in the Trenches: A World War I Photo Gallery
In late July and early August 1914, the great powers of Europe embarked on a course of action that would claim......
Liggett, Hunter
Hunter Liggett was an American general, corps and army commander in World War I. After graduating from West Point......
Lili Marleen
Lili Marleen, German song popular during World War II among both German and Allied soldiers. Hans Leip (1893–1983)......
Lin Biao
Lin Biao was a Chinese military leader who, as a field commander of the Red Army, contributed to the communists’......
Lin Fengmian
Lin Fengmian was a Chinese painter and art educator who sought to blend the best of both Eastern and Western art.......
Linlithgow, Victor Alexander John Hope, 2nd Marquess of, Earl Of Hopetoun, Viscount Of Aithrie, Lord Hope, Baron Hopetoun Of Hopetoun, Baron Niddry Of Niddry
Victor Alexander John Hope, 2nd marquess of Linlithgow was a British statesman and the longest serving viceroy......
list of Australian politicians
This is an alphabetically ordered list of Australian politicians. (See also...
list of chancellors of Germany
This is a chronologically ordered list of chancellors of...
list of cities and towns in Argentina
This is a list of cities and towns in Argentina, ordered alphabetically by province (provincia). (See also city;......
list of cities and towns in Australia
This is a list of selected cities, towns, and other populated places in Australia, ordered alphabetically by state......
list of cities and towns in Austria
This is an alphabetically ordered list of cities and towns in Austria, arranged by state (Bundesland). (See also......
list of cities and towns in Brazil
This is a list of cities and towns in Brazil, ordered alphabetically by unidad federativa (federative unit). All......
list of cities and towns in Canada
This is a list of selected cities, towns, and other populated places in Canada, ordered alphabetically by province......
list of cities and towns in Chile
This is a list of cities and towns in Chile, arranged alphabetically by region (región). (See also city; urban...
list of cities and towns in Colombia
This is a list of cities and towns in Colombia ordered alphabetically by departamento (department). (See also city;......
list of cities and towns in Denmark
This is an alphabetically ordered list of cities and towns in Denmark, arranged by region. (See also city; urban...
list of cities and towns in Egypt
This is a list of cities and towns in Egypt, ordered alphabetically by muḥāfaẓah (governorate). (See also city;......
list of cities and towns in France
This is a list of selected cities, towns, and other populated places in France, ordered alphabetically by administrative......
list of cities and towns in Germany
This is a list of selected cities, towns, and other populated places in Germany, ordered alphabetically by state.......
list of cities and towns in Guatemala
This is an alphabetically ordered list of cities and towns in Guatemala. (See also city; urban...
list of cities and towns in India
This is a list of selected cities, towns, and other populated places in India, ordered alphabetically by state......
list of cities and towns in Iran
This is an alphabetically ordered list of cities and towns in Iran. (See also city; urban...
list of cities and towns in Israel
This is an alphabetically ordered list of cities and towns in...