The Modern World, IND-KLU
Industrialization, nationalism, world war, decolonization, and technological change have made the modern world a time of staggering disruption and reinvention. Explore the forces that shaped it.
The Modern World Encyclopedia Articles By Title
Indochina wars
Indochina wars, 20th-century conflicts in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia, with the principal involvement of France......
Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty
Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty, nuclear arms-control accord reached by the United States and the Soviet......
International Bank for Economic Cooperation
International Bank for Economic Cooperation (IBEC), international bank instituted by an agreement signed by Bulgaria,......
International Brigades
International Brigades, groups of foreign volunteers who fought on the Republican side against the Nationalist......
International Investment Bank
International Investment Bank, international bank, founded in 1970 and operational in 1971, designed to provide......
International Labour Organization
International Labour Organization (ILO), specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) dedicated to improving labour......
international organization
international organization, institution drawing membership from at least three states, having activities in several......
international relations
international relations, the study of the relations of states with each other and with international organizations......
international trade
international trade, economic transactions that are made between countries. Among the items commonly traded are......
- Introduction
- Globalization, Tariffs, Protectionism
- Comparative Advantage, Trade Barriers, Globalization
- Comparative Advantage, Trade Barriers, Tariffs
- State Interference, Tariffs, Barriers
- Tariffs, Effects, Trade Agreements
- Arguments, Interference
- Tariffs, Agreements, Regulations
- National Treatment, Tariffs, Agreements
- Economic Integration, Tariffs, Quotas
- Benelux, Economic Union, Trade
- Common Agricultural Policy, Tariffs, Subsidies
- EFTA, Tariffs, Trade Agreements
- Andean Group, Andean Community, Nations
- Regional Arrangements, WTO Rules
- Developed, Developing, Countries
Iran
Iran, a mountainous, arid, and ethnically diverse country of southwestern Asia. The country maintains a rich and......
- Introduction
- Mountains, Plateaus, Deserts
- Soils, Climate, Geology
- Flora, Fauna, Deserts
- Ethnic Groups, Languages, Religions
- Persian, Kurdish, Luri
- Religion, Islam, Shia
- Urbanization, Climates, Plateaus
- Oil, Agriculture, Manufacturing
- Farming, Crops, Livestock
- Oil, Gas, Minerals
- Labour, Taxation, Economy
- Politics, Religion, Society
- Justice, Law, Sharia
- Security, Geopolitics, Middle East
- Education, Literacy, Schools
- Culture, Traditions, Cuisine
- Art, Music, Poetry
- Sports, Recreation, Culture
- Ancient Empire, Persian Culture, Islamic Revolution
- Abbasid Caliphate, 750-821
- Intermezzo, 821-1055, Dynasties
- Renaissance, Culture, History
- Seljuqs, Mongols, Empire
- Mongol Invasion, Persian Empire, Middle East
- Timurids, Turkmen, History
- Shah Abbas, Safavid Dynasty, Persia
- Qajar Dynasty, Persian Empire, Middle East
- Reza Khan, Pahlavi Dynasty, Modernization
- Oil Nationalization, Wartime Economy, Revolution
- White Revolution, Reforms, Shah
- Persian Empire, Middle East, Shiite Islam
- Ayatollah Khamenei, Islamic Republic, Persian Empire
- Ahmadinejad, Conservatives, Power
- Foreign Affairs, Tension, Sanctions
- Nuclear Deal, Sanctions, Diplomacy
Iran in 2006: A Country at a Crossroads
One spring afternoon in 1997, the telephone at the New York Times bureau in Istanbul rang. I was then serving as......
Iran-Iraq War
Iran-Iraq War, (1980â88), prolonged military conflict between Iran and Iraq during the 1980s. The incredibly deadly......
Iranian Revolution
Iranian Revolution, popular uprising in Iran in 1978â79 that resulted in the toppling of the monarchy on February......
Iraq
Iraq, country of southwestern Asia. During ancient times, lands that now constitute Iraq were known as Mesopotamia......
- Introduction
- Mountains, Deserts, Tigris
- Desert, Arid, Hot
- Arabs, Mesopotamia, Tigris-Euphrates
- Shiah, Sectarianism, Middle East
- Baghdad, Tigris, Euphrates
- Oil, Agriculture, Trade
- Farming, Crops, Livestock
- Oil Pipelines, Refineries, Exports
- Trade, Oil, Agriculture
- Federalism, Sectarianism, Autonomy
- Security, Conflict, Politics
- Education, Literacy, Schools
- Art, Music, Poetry
- Ancient Mesopotamia, Saddam Hussein, War
- Abbasid Caliphate, Baghdad, Mesopotamia
- Buyid Dynasty, Abbasid Caliphate, Mesopotamia
- Abbasid, Seljuks, Mongols
- Abbasids, Caliphate, Baghdad
- Turkmen, 1410-1508
- Conquest, Suleyman, Regime
- Mamluks, British, Consolidation
- Midhat Pasa, Governorship, Ottoman Empire
- British Occupation, Mandatory Regime
- Mandate, British, Revolt
- WW2, British Intervention, Middle East
- Middle East, Tigris, Euphrates
- Revolution, Ba'ath, Saddam
- Ba'athism, Saddam Hussein, War
- Dictatorship, Invasion, Sanctions
- Iran-Iraq War, Saddam Hussein, Invasion
- Persian Gulf War, Saddam Hussein, Invasion
- UN Embargo, Oil for Food
- U.S. withdrawal and the rise of the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL)
Iraq War
Iraq War, (2003â11), conflict in Iraq that consisted of two phases. The first of these was a brief, conventionally......
Ireland
Ireland, country of western Europe occupying five-sixths of the westernmost major island of the British Isles.......
- Introduction
- Rivers, Lakes, Coastline
- Flora, Fauna, Ecology
- Celts, English, Religion
- Agriculture, Manufacturing, Services
- Trade, Agriculture, Manufacturing
- Politics, Economy, Society
- Security, Politics, Geography
- Culture, Traditions, Cuisine
- Music, Dance, Traditions
- Sports, Recreation, Culture
- Neolithic, Megaliths, Burial Mounds
- Celts, Mythology, Geography
- Early Christianity, Monasteries, Saints
- Norse, Invasions, Aftermath
- Medieval, Plantations, Conflict
- Shane O'Neill, Rebellion, Tudors
- James I, Plantations, Rebellion
- Restoration, Jacobite War, Politics
- 17th/18th Centuries, Culture, Economy
- Fenianism, Rebellion, Nationalism
- Troubles, Partition, Conflict
- History, Culture, Politics
- Celtic Culture, Landscape, History
- Economy, Politics, History
- Debt Crisis, Economy, Politics
- Social, Religious, Changes
- Leaders, 1922-Present
Iron Curtain
Iron Curtain, the political, military, and ideological barrier erected by the Soviet Union after World War II to......
Iron Curtain speech
The Iron Curtain speech was delivered by former British prime minister Winston Churchill in Fulton, Missouri, on......
Ironside, William Edmund Ironside, 1st Baron
William Edmund Ironside, 1st Baron Ironside was a British field marshal. After serving in the South African War,......
Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps
Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), the most powerful branch of the Iranian armed forces, independent of......
Ismay, Hastings Lionel Ismay, Baron
Hastings Lionel Ismay, Baron Ismay was a British soldier who became Prime Minister Winston Churchillâs closest......
IsmÄÊżÄ«l, Aáž„mad
Aáž„mad IsmÄÊżÄ«l was an Egyptian field marshal who was Egyptâs defense minister and commander in chief when he planned......
Isonzo, Battles of the
Battles of the Isonzo, (1915â17), 12 battles along the Isonzo River on the eastern sector of the Italian Front......
Israel
Israel, country in the Middle East, located at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea. It is bounded to the north......
- Introduction
- Mediterranean, Arid, Semi-arid
- Urbanization, Agriculture, Borders
- Jews, Arabs, Immigrants
- Population, Migration, Urbanization
- Economy, Trade, Agriculture
- Industry, Manufacturing, Technology
- Culture, Religion, History
- Art, Music, Dance
- Middle East, Conflict, Zionism
- Immigration, Conflict, Middle East
- Jewish Homeland, Zionism, 1948
- Armistice, Refugees, Conflict
- Conflict, Borders, Tensions
- Labour, Politics, Economy
- Labour Decline, Politics, Economy
- Peace Process, Middle East, Negotiations
- Lebanon War, Conflict, Invasion
- Palestinian Autonomy, Borders, Conflict
- Oslo Accords, Peace Process, Middle East
- Peace Process, Oslo II, Rabin
- Wye River, Peace Process, Oslo Accords
- Intifada, Conflict, Middle East
- Netanyahu, Politics, Middle East
- Netanyahuâs second stint
- Prime Ministers, Politics, History
- Prime ministers of Israel
Italian Campaign
Italian Campaign, (July 9, 1943âMay 2, 1945), during World War II, the Allied invasion and conquest of Italy. With......
Italy
Italy, country of south-central Europe, occupying a peninsula that juts deep into the Mediterranean Sea. Italy......
- Introduction
- Alps, Mediterranean, Islands
- Rivers, Alps, Po
- Mediterranean, Alpine, Temperate
- Mediterranean, Alpine, Flora
- Culture, Cuisine, Regions
- Latin, Romance, Dialects
- Regions, Culture, Cuisine
- Urbanization, Regions, Culture
- Population, Migration, Aging
- Manufacturing, Tourism, Agriculture
- Economic Growth, Infrastructure, Tourism
- Farming, Crops, Livestock
- Resources, Power, Economy
- Manufacturing, Automotive, Textiles
- Economy, Banking, Euro
- Trade, Manufacturing, Exports
- Services, Tourism, Culture
- Labour, Taxation, Economy
- Roads, Railways, Telecoms
- Politics, Regions, Unification
- Legislature, Politics, Constitution
- Regional, Local Government
- Justice, Legal System, Courts
- Politics, Regions, Constitution
- Security, Geography, Culture
- Education, Literacy, Universities
- Cuisine, Culture, Traditions
- Art, Culture, Heritage
- Music, Opera, Folk
- Art, Culture, Museums
- Media, Publishing, Culture
- Roman Empire, Renaissance, Unification
- Lombards, Byzantines, Unification
- Lombards, Kingdom, Charlemagne
- Popes, Exarchs, 590-800
- Culture, Regions, Unification
- Carolingian, Post-Carolingian, 774-962
- Rome, History, Culture
- Berengar I, Lombards, Papacy
- Mediterranean, Roman Empire, Renaissance
- Renaissance, Art, Literature
- Economy, Society, Culture
- Renaissance, Culture, Cuisine
- Renaissance, City-States, Culture
- Reform, Salian, Emperors
- Papacy, Normans, Renaissance
- Investiture, Papacy, Conflict
- Communes, Medieval, Renaissance
- Renaissance, Unification, Culture
- Frederick I, Barbarossa, Empire
- Institutional Reforms
- Renaissance, Unification, Tourism
- Henry VI, Renaissance, Unification
- Frederick II, Medieval, Papacy
- Wars, Northern, Unification
- Politics, Factions, Regions
- Renaissance, Unification, Papacy
- Renaissance, Art, Cuisine
- Renaissance, City-States, Papacy
- Renaissance, Culture, Cuisine
- Signorie, Popolo, Central/Northern
- Venice, 14th Century, Trade
- Renaissance, Art, Culture
- Economic Reform, Industrialization, Tourism
- Famine, War, Plague
- Renaissance, City-States, Humanism
- City-States, Renaissance, Unification
- Venice, Canals, Gondolas
- Renaissance, Art, Architecture
- Milan, Lombardy, Renaissance
- French Invasion, Unification, Risorgimento
- Savonarola, Florence, Reform
- Renaissance, Art, Culture
- Renaissance, Baroque, Unification
- Renaissance, Papacy, Habsburgs
- Spanish Rule, Renaissance, Cuisine
- Kingdom, Naples, Culture
- Milan, Duchy, Renaissance
- Republic, Venice, Maritime
- Papal States, Vatican City, Rome
- Food, Art, History
- Culture, Economy, Tourism
- Crisis, Baroque, Renaissance
- Enlightenment, Reform, Revolution
- Enlightenment, Reform, Unification
- Revolution, Restoration, Unification
- Republics, 1796-99, Unification
- French Consulate, Revolution, Unification
- Napoleonic, Empire, 1804-14
- Unification, Risorgimento, Cavour
- Rebellions, 1831, Aftermath
- Revolutions, 1848, Unification
- Unification, Risorgimento, Nation-State
- War of 1859, Unification, Cavour
- Garibaldi, Thousand, Unification
- Unification, Culture, Economy
- Unification, Venetia, Rome
- Unification, Fascism, WW2
- Opposition, Politics, Unification
- Land Reform, Agriculture, History
- Unification, Renaissance, Culture
- Unification, Crispi, Risorgimento
- Giolitti, Unification, Politics
- Economy, Industrialization, Tourism
- WWI, Fascism, Unification
- Unification, Risorgimento, Cost
- Economic Crisis, Political Turmoil, Two Red Years
- Fascism, Mussolini, Unification
- Unification, Revolution, Monarchy
- Anti-Fascist, Resistance, Partisans
- Economy, Reforms, Growth
- European Union, Mediterranean, Diplomacy
- WWII, Axis, Allies
- Unification, Fascism, Republic
- Republic, Salo, Occupation
- Partisans, Resistance, WWII
- Post-WWII, Renaissance, Culture
- Cold War, Political Order, Unification
- Economic Miracle, Post-WWII, Industrialization
- Renaissance, Culture, Cuisine
- Economic Stagnation, Labour Militancy, 1960s-70s
- Student Protest, Social Movements, 1960s-80s
- Terrorism, Mafia, Politics
- Politics, Unification, Economy
- Economy, 1980s, Reforms
- Mafia, Organized Crime, Law Enforcement
- Culture, Economy, Politics
- Economy, Manufacturing, Tourism
- Politics, Unification, Renaissance
- Unification, Renaissance, Culture
- Scandal, Economy, Struggles
- Migration, Populism, Crisis
- Immigration, Foreign Policy, EU
ITAR-TASS
ITAR-TASS, (Russian: âInformation Telegraph Agency of RussiaâTelegraph Agency of the Soviet Unionâ), Russian news......
Iwo Jima
Iwo Jima, island that is part of the Volcano Islands archipelago, far southern Japan. The island has been widely......
Iwo Jima, Battle of
Battle of Iwo Jima, (February 19âMarch 16, 1945), World War II conflict between the United States and the Empire......
Jabavu, Davidson Don Tengo
Davidson Don Tengo Jabavu was a Black educator and South African political leader. The son of John Tengo Jabavu,......
Jackson, Henry M.
Henry M. Jackson was a U.S. Democratic senator known for his anticommunist views and as an advocate of high defense......
Jackson, Jesse
Jesse Jackson was one of the most significant leaders of the 20th-century American civil rights movement, whose......
Japan
Japan, island country lying off the east coast of Asia. It consists of a great string of islands in a northeast-southwest......
- Introduction
- Geology, Volcanoes, Islands
- Soils, Climate, Geology
- Ethnicity, Religion, Language
- Shinto, Buddhism, Animism
- Population, Migration, Aging
- Government, Economy, Politics
- Resources, Power, Economy
- Economy, Banking, Currency
- Trade, Manufacturing, Exports
- Railways, Shinkansen, Infrastructure
- Politics, Economy, Society
- Political Parties, Elections, Democracy
- Modernization, Meiji Era, Shintoism
- Culture, Traditions, Religion
- Arts, Culture, Traditions
- Culture, Traditions, Etiquette
- Media, Publishing, Culture
- Shintoism, Buddhism, Samurai
- Yayoi, Rice Farming, Shintoism
- Yamato, Expansion, Shintoism
- Yamato, Buddhism, Decline
- Taika Reforms, Imperial Court, Land Reforms
- Nara, Buddhism, Shinto
- Heian Period, Buddhism, Shintoism
- Cloistered Emperors, Shoguns, Feudalism
- Feudalism, Shoguns, Samurai
- Samurai, Farming, Villages
- Muromachi, Ashikaga, Shogunate
- Onin War, Feudalism, Shogunate
- Warrior Culture, Feudalism, Samurai
- Feudalism, Shogunate, Edo Period
- Bakuhan, Feudalism, Shogunate
- The Tokugawa status system
- Bakufu, Han, Reform
- Shinto, Kokugaku, Religion
- Shinto, Buddhism, Syncretism
- Meiji Restoration, Isolationism, Trade
- The fall of the Tokugawa
- Imperialism, Shoguns, Feudalism
- Expansionism, Imperialism, Militarism
- Militarism, Imperialism, WWII
- Militarism, Expansionism, War
- WWII, Defeat, Pacific
- Post-WWII, Economy, Culture
- Economic Transformation, Industrialization, Modernization
- International Relations, Trade, Security
- Political developments
- Emperors, Empresses, Regnant
Japanese American internment
Japanese American internment, the forced relocation by the U.S. government of thousands of Japanese Americans to......
Japanese American internment in pictures
On February 19, 1942, U.S. Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, giving the U.S. military the......
Jaspar, Henri
Henri Jaspar was a Belgian statesman and one of his countryâs chief negotiators in the peace conferences following......
Jellicoe, John Rushworth Jellicoe, 1st Earl
John Rushworth Jellicoe, 1st Earl Jellicoe was a British admiral of the fleet who commanded at the crucial Battle......
Jew
Jew, any person whose religion is Judaism. In the broader sense of the term, a Jew is any person belonging to the......
Jewish partisan
Jewish partisan, one of approximately 20,000â30,000 irregular fighters who participated in the Jewish resistance......
Jiang Qing
Jiang Qing was the third wife of Chinese communist leader Mao Zedong and the most influential woman in the Peopleâs......
Jodl, Alfred
Alfred Jodl was a German general who, as head of the armed forces operations staff, helped plan and conduct most......
Joffre, Joseph-Jacques-CĂ©saire
Joseph-Jacques-CĂ©saire Joffre was the commander in chief (1914â16) of the French armies on the Western Front in......
Johnson, Harold K.
Harold K. Johnson was a U.S. Army officer who fought in World War II and the Korean War and who served as army......
Johnson, Hiram
Hiram Johnson was a reform governor of California (1911â17) and a U.S. senator for 28 years (1917â45), a Progressive......
Johnson, Lyndon B.
Lyndon B. Johnson was the 36th president of the United States (1963â69). A moderate Democrat and vigorous leader......
Jordan
Jordan, Arab country of Southwest Asia, in the rocky desert of the northern Arabian Peninsula. Jordan is a young......
- Introduction
- Arid, Desert, Mediterranean
- Bedouin, Deserts, Oases
- Trade, Agriculture, Industry
- Resources, Power, Middle East
- Monarchy, Constitution, Parliament
- Security, Borders, Middle East
- Art, Music, Poetry
- Ancient, Middle East, Fertile Crescent
- Hashemite Kingdom, Palestine War, Transjordan
- Middle East, Hashemite, Reforms
- Middle East, 1967-Civil War
- West Bank, Peace, Arab-Israeli Conflict
- Hussein's Reign, Abdullah II, Middle East
JovanoviÄ, Slobodan
Slobodan JovanoviÄ was a Serbian jurist, historian, and statesman, prime minister in the Yugoslav government-in-exile......
Joyce, William
William Joyce was an English-language propaganda broadcaster from Nazi Germany during World War II whose nickname......
JudenrÀte
JudenrÀte, Jewish councils established in German-occupied Poland and eastern Europe during World War II to implement......
Juin, Alphonse
Alphonse Juin was an officer of the French army who became a leading Free French commander in World War II. The......
July Days
July Days, (July 16â20 [July 3â7, old style], 1917), a period in the Russian Revolution during which workers and......
July Plot
July Plot, abortive attempt on July 20, 1944, by German military leaders to assassinate Adolf Hitler, seize control......
June Offensive
June Offensive, (June [July, New Style], 1917), unsuccessful military operation of World War I, planned by the......
Juno Beach
Juno Beach, the second beach from the east among the five landing areas of the Normandy Invasion of World War II.......
Jutland, Battle of
Battle of Jutland, (May 31âJune 1, 1916), the only major encounter between the main British and German battle fleets......
Kaganovich, Lazar Moiseyevich
Lazar Moiseyevich Kaganovich was a Soviet Communist Party leader and supporter of Joseph Stalin. As a young Jewish......
Kairov, Ivan Andreyevich
Ivan Andreyevich Kairov was a Soviet educator and public education official responsible for numerous works dealing......
Kaledin, Aleksey Maksimovich
Aleksey Maksimovich Kaledin was a Russian Imperial Army officer and Cossack leader who was one of the first to......
Kalinin, Mikhail Ivanovich
Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin was a communist leader and statesman who was the formal head of the Soviet state from......
Kaltenbrunner, Ernst
Ernst Kaltenbrunner was an Austrian Nazi, leader of the Austrian SS and subsequently head of all police forces......
Kamenev, Lev
Lev Kamenev was an Old Bolshevik and prominent member of the Communist Party and Soviet government during the decade......
kamikaze
kamikaze, any of the Japanese pilots who in World War II made deliberate suicidal crashes into enemy targets, usually......
Kang Sheng
Kang Sheng was a Chinese communist official who is considered to have been one of the three or four most powerful......
Karzai, Hamid
Hamid Karzai is an Afghan politician who was the first elected president of Afghanistan (2004â14). Karzai was the......
Kasserine Pass, Battle of
Battle of Kasserine Pass, the first large-scale encounter in World War II between Italian and German land forces......
Katyn Massacre
Katyn Massacre, mass execution of Polish military officers by the Soviet Union during World War II. The discovery......
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan, landlocked country of Central Asia. It is bounded on the northwest and north by Russia, on the east......
Keitel, Wilhelm
Wilhelm Keitel was a field marshal and head of the German Armed Forces High Command during World War II. One of......
Kennedy, John F.
John F. Kennedy was the 35th president of the United States (1961â63), who faced a number of foreign crises, especially......
Kenny, Elizabeth
Elizabeth Kenny was an Australian nurse and health administrator who was known for her alternative approach to......
Kent State shooting
Kent State shooting, the shooting of unarmed college students at Kent State University, in northeastern Ohio, by......
Kerensky, Aleksandr
Aleksandr Kerensky was a moderate socialist revolutionary who served as head of the Russian provisional government......
Kerry, John
John Kerry is a U.S. politician who served in the Senate (1985â2013) and who was the Democratic Partyâs nominee......
Kertész, Imre
Imre Kertész was a Hungarian author best known for his semiautobiographical accounts of the Holocaust. In 2002......
Kesselring, Albert
Albert Kesselring was a field marshal who, as German commander in chief, south, became one of Adolf Hitlerâs top......
Keyes, Geoffrey
Geoffrey Keyes was a U.S. Army officer who commanded forces in North Africa, Sicily, Italy, and Germany during......
Keynes, John Maynard
John Maynard Keynes was an English economist, journalist, and financier best known for his economic theories (Keynesian......
Khamenei, Ali
Standing at the heart of the Islamic Republic from the 1979 Iranian Revolution until his death in 2026, Ali Khamenei......
Khariton, Yuly Borisovich
Yuly Borisovich Khariton was the founder, and head from 1946 to 1992, of the research and design laboratory known......
Khobar Towers bombing of 1996
Khobar Towers bombing of 1996, terrorist attack on a U.S. Air Force housing complex in the town of Khobar, near......
Khomeini, Ruhollah
Ruhollah Khomeini was an Iranian ShiÊżi cleric who led the revolution that overthrew Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi......
Khrushchev, Nikita
Nikita Khrushchev was the first secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1953â64) and premier of the......
Khrushchevâs secret speech
Khrushchevâs secret speech, (February 25, 1956), in Russian history, denunciation of the deceased Soviet leader......
Killens, John Oliver
John Oliver Killens was an American writer and activist known for his politically charged novelsâparticularly Youngblood......
Kim Il-Sung
Kim Il-Sung was the communist leader of North Korea from 1948 until his death in 1994. He was the countryâs premier......
Kim Jong Il
Kim Jong Il was the ruler of North Korea from 1994 to 2011. He succeeded his father, Kim Il-Sung, who became the......
Kim Jong-Nam
Kim Jong-Nam was a North Korean scion who was the eldest son of Kim Jong Il, ruler (1994â2011) of North Korea.......
Kim, Jonny
Jonny Kim is a Korean American Navy SEAL, doctor, aviator, and astronaut who is a member of NASAâs Artemis team,......
King, Coretta Scott
Coretta Scott King was an American civil rights activist who was the wife of Martin Luther King, Jr. Coretta Scott......
King, Ernest Joseph
Ernest Joseph King was an American admiral who was commander in chief of U.S. naval forces and chief of naval operations......
King, Martin Luther, Jr.
Martin Luther King, Jr. was a Baptist minister and social activist who led the civil rights movement in the United......
King, W.L. Mackenzie
W.L. Mackenzie King was the prime minister of Canada (1921â26, 1926â30, 1935â48) and leader of the Liberal Party,......
Kings and Queens of Britain
The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy, in which the monarch shares power with a constitutionally organized......
Kings and Queens Regnant of Spain
Spainâs constitution declares it a constitutional monarchy. From 1833 until 1939 Spain almost continually had a......
Kirk, Alan G
Alan Goodrich Kirk was a U.S. naval officer who commanded successful amphibious landings in Sicily and Normandy......
Kirov, Sergei
Sergei Kirov was a Russian Communist leader whose assassination marked the beginning of the Great Purge in the......
Kissinger, Henry
Henry Kissinger was an American political scientist, who, as adviser for national security affairs and as secretary......
Kitchener, Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl
Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener was a British field marshal, imperial administrator, conqueror of......
Kleist, Paul Ludwig von
Paul Ludwig von Kleist was a German general during World War II. Educated in a German military school, he served......
Kluck, Alexander von
Alexander von Kluck was a German general who, in World War I, commanded the 1st Army in the German offensive against......