Diplomats, MOR-PAN
Meet the diplomats whose negotiation, tact, and statecraft helped manage conflict, forge alliances, and shape relations between nations.
Diplomats Encyclopedia Articles By Title
Mornay, Philippe de, seigneur du Plessis-Marly
Philippe de Mornay, seigneur du Plessis-Marly was a French diplomat who was one of the most outspoken and well-known......
Moro, Aldo
Aldo Moro was a law professor, Italian statesman, and leader of the Christian Democratic Party, who served five......
Morris, Gouverneur
Gouverneur Morris was an American statesman, diplomat, and financial expert who helped plan the U.S. decimal coinage......
Morrison, Herbert Stanley Morrison, Baron
Herbert Stanley Morrison, Baron Morrison was a British Labour statesman who played a leading role in London local......
Morrow, Dwight W
Dwight W. Morrow was an American lawyer, financier, and statesman. The son of an educator, Morrow graduated from......
Moseley Braun, Carol
Carol Moseley Braun was a Democratic senator from Illinois (1993â99), who in 1992 became the first African American......
Motley, John Lothrop
John Lothrop Motley was an American diplomat and historian best remembered for The Rise of the Dutch Republic,......
Mott, John R.
John R. Mott was an American Methodist layman and evangelist who shared the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1946 (with......
Motta, Giuseppe
Giuseppe Motta was a Swiss political leader, longtime head of the federal political department and five times president......
Mousavi, Mir Hossein
Mir Hossein Mousavi is an Iranian architect, painter, intellectual, and politician who served as Iranâs prime minister......
Mowinckel, Johan Ludwig
Johan Ludwig Mowinckel was a Norwegian prime minister during the 1920s and â30s and a shipping magnate considered......
Moynihan, Daniel Patrick
Daniel Patrick Moynihan was an American scholar and Democratic Party politician, U.S. senator from New York state......
Mubarak, Hosni
Hosni Mubarak was an Egyptian military officer and politician who served as president of Egypt from October 1981......
Munch, Peter Rochegune
Peter Rochegune Munch was a historian and politician who as Danish foreign minister in the 1930s attempted to maintain......
Murad I
Murad I was an Ottoman sultan who ruled from 1360 to 1389. Muradâs reign witnessed rapid Ottoman expansion in Anatolia......
Murad II
Murad II was an Ottoman sultan (1421â44 and 1446â51) who expanded and consolidated Ottoman rule in the Balkans,......
Murad III
Murad III was an Ottoman sultan in 1574â95 whose reign saw lengthy wars against Iran and Austria and social and......
Murad IV
Murad IV was an Ottoman sultan from 1623 to 1640 whose heavy-handed rule put an end to prevailing lawlessness and......
Murad, Nadia
Nadia Murad is a Yazīdī human rights activist who was kidnapped by the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL;......
Muravyov, Mikhail Nikolayevich, Graf
Mikhail Nikolayevich, Count Muravyov was a Russian diplomat and statesman who at the end of the 19th century directed......
Mussato, Albertino
Albertino Mussato was an Italian statesman and writer who was outstanding both as a poet and as a historian of......
Mussolini, Benito
Benito Mussolini was the Italian prime minister (1922â43) and the first of 20th-century Europeâs fascist dictators.......
Mustafa II
Mustafa II was an Ottoman sultan from 1695 to 1703, whose determination to regain territories lost after the unsuccessful......
MuÊżizz al-DÄ«n Muáž„ammad ibn SÄm
MuÊżizz al-DÄ«n Muáž„ammad ibn SÄm was the GhĆ«rid conqueror of the north Indian plain; he was one of the founders of......
Muáž„ammad I Askia
Muáž„ammad I Askia was a West African statesman and military leader who usurped the throne of the Songhai empire......
Muáž„ammad ibn Tughluq
Muáž„ammad ibn Tughluq was the second sultan of the Tughluq dynasty (reigned 1325â51), who briefly extended the rule......
Muáž„ammad ÊżAlÄ«
Muáž„ammad ÊżAlÄ« was the pasha and viceroy of Egypt (1805â48), founder of the dynasty that ruled Egypt from the beginning......
Myrdal, Alva Reimer
Alva Reimer Myrdal was a Swedish diplomat, government minister, author, and advocate of nuclear disarmament. She......
Möngke
Möngke was a grandson of Genghis Khan and heir to the great Mongol empire. Elected great khan in 1251, he was the......
MĂŒller, Hermann
Hermann MĂŒller was a statesman and leader of the German Social Democratic Party (SPD) who was twice chancellor......
Nabuco de AraĂșjo, Joaquim Aurelio Barreto
Joaquim Aurelio Barreto Nabuco de AraĂșjo was a statesman and diplomat, leader of the abolition movement in Brazil,......
Nansen, Fridtjof
Fridtjof Nansen was a Norwegian explorer, oceanographer, statesman, and humanitarian who led a number of expeditions......
Napoleon I
Napoleon I was a French general, First Consul (1799â1804), emperor of France (1804â1814/15), and one of the most......
Napoleon III
Napoleon III was the nephew of Napoleon I, president of the Second Republic of France (1850â52), and then emperor......
Napoleonâs major battles
From the Siege of Toulon (August 28âDecember 19, 1793) to the Battle of Waterloo (June 18, 1815), Napoleon shaped......
Narai
Narai was the king of Siam (1656â88), who was best known for his efforts in foreign affairs and whose court produced......
Narayanan, Kocheril Raman
Kocheril Raman Narayanan was an Indian politician and diplomat, who was the president of India from 1997 to 2002.......
Naresuan
Naresuan was the king of Siam (1590â1605), regarded as a national hero by the Thai people for having liberated......
Narses
Narses was the king of the SÄsÄnian Empire whose reign (293â302) saw the beginning of 40 years of peace with Rome.......
Nasser, Gamal Abdel
Gamal Abdel Nasser was an Egyptian army officer, prime minister (1954â56), and then president (1956â70) of Egypt......
Nebuchadrezzar I
Nebuchadrezzar I was the most famous Babylonian king (reigned 1119â1098 bce) of the 2nd dynasty of the Isin. In......
Necho II
Necho II was a king of Egypt (reigned 610â595 bce), and a member of the 26th dynasty, who unsuccessfully attempted......
Nectanebo I
Nectanebo I was the first king (reigned 380â362 bce) of the 30th dynasty of Egypt. He successfully opposed an attempt......
Negroponte, John
John Negroponte is an American diplomat, who served as ambassador to a number of countries, including Honduras......
Nehru, Jawaharlal
Jawaharlal Nehru was the first prime minister of independent India (1947â64), who established parliamentary government......
NenadoviÄ, Matija
Matija NenadoviÄ was a Serbian priest and patriot, the first diplomatic agent of his country in modern times. He......
Nenni, Pietro
Pietro Nenni was a journalist and politician who was leader of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI), twice foreign......
Neruda, Pablo
Pablo Neruda was a Chilean poet, diplomat, and politician who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1971.......
Nesselrode, Karl Vasilyevich, Count
Karl Vasilyevich, Count Nesselrode was the foreign minister of imperial Russia (1822â56) whose policy toward the......
Netanyahu, Benjamin
Benjamin Netanyahu is an Israeli politician and diplomat who served as his countryâs prime minister three times......
Neurath, Konstantin, Baron von
Konstantin, baron von Neurath was a German diplomat who was Adolf Hitlerâs foreign minister from 1933 to 1938.......
New York indictment of Donald Trump
On May 30, 2024, Donald Trump became the first former U.S. president to be convicted of criminal charges after......
Nguyen Tri Phuong
Nguyen Tri Phuong was a general dedicated to protecting Vietnam from European influence and military conquest by......
Nicholas I
Nicholas I was a prince (1860â1910) and then king (1910â18) of Montenegro, who transformed his small principality......
Nicol, Davidson
Davidson Nicol was a Sierra Leonean diplomat, physician, medical researcher, and writer whose short stories and......
Nicolson, Sir Harold
Sir Harold Nicolson was a British diplomat and author of more than 125 books, including political essays, travel......
Nicot, Jean
Jean Nicot was a French diplomat and scholar who introduced tobacco to the French court in the 16th century, which......
Niemöller, Martin
Martin Niemöller was a prominent German anti-Nazi theologian and pastor, founder of the Confessing Church and a......
Nixon, Richard
Richard Nixon was the 37th president of the United States (1969â74), who, faced with almost certain impeachment......
Noel-Baker, Philip John Noel-Baker, Baron
Philip John Noel-Baker, Baron Noel-Baker was a British statesman and advocate of international disarmament who......
Northcote, Sir Stafford Henry, 8th Baronet
Sir Stafford Henry Northcote, 8th Baronet was a British statesman and a leader of the Conservative Party who helped......
Novak, Michael
Michael Novak was an American lay theologian, economist, historian, and author who became a prominent neoconservative......
Nu, U
U Nu was a Burmese independence leader and prime minister of Myanmar (formerly Burma) from 1948 to 1958 and from......
Nuri al-Said
Nuri al-Said was an Iraqi army officer, statesman, and political leader who maintained close ties with Great Britain......
NÄdir ShÄh
NÄdir ShÄh was an Iranian ruler and conqueror who created an Iranian empire that stretched from the Indus River......
Obaid, Thoraya
Thoraya Obaid is a Saudi politician who was executive director of the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA; 2001â10).......
Obama, Barack
Barack Obama is the 44th president of the United States (2009â17) and the first African American to hold the office.......
- Introduction
- 44th President, Political Career, Legacy
- Health Care Reform
- Iraq, Afghanistan, Politics
- Budget Battles, Presidency, Legacy
- 44th President, US Politics, Legacy
- Scandals, Challenges, Politics
- Political Leadership, Presidency, Legacy
- Executive Action, Midterm Election, 2014
- 44th President, Legislation, Diplomacy
- Post-Presidency, Activism, Legacy
Obasanjo, Olusegun
Olusegun Obasanjo is a Nigerian general, statesman, and diplomat, who was the first military ruler in Africa to......
Obuchi Keizo
Obuchi Keizo was a Japanese politician who was prime minister from July 1998 to April 2000 and is credited with......
Oduber QuirĂłs, Daniel
Daniel Oduber QuirĂłs was the president of Costa Rica (1974â78), a member of the founding junta of its Second Republic......
Offa
Offa was one of the most powerful kings in early Anglo-Saxon England. As ruler of Mercia from 757 to 796, Offa......
Olaf III Haraldsson
Olaf III Haraldsson was the king of Norway (1066â93) who guided the nation through one of its most prosperous periods,......
Oldenbarnevelt, Johan van
Johan van Oldenbarnevelt was a lawyer, statesman, and, after William I the Silent, the second founding father of......
Olivares, Gaspar de GuzmĂĄn y Pimental, conde-duque de, duque de SanlĂșcar de Barrameda
Gaspar de GuzmĂĄn y Pimental, count-duke de Olivares was the prime minister (1623â43) and court favourite (valido)......
Olney, Richard
Richard Olney was the U.S. secretary of state (1895â97) who asserted, under the Monroe Doctrine, the right of the......
Ordyn-Nashchokin, Afanasy Lavrentyevich
Afanasy Lavrentyevich Ordyn-Nashchokin was a statesman and diplomat who became the chief adviser on foreign affairs......
Orfila, Alejandro
Alejandro Orfila is an Argentine diplomat who served as secretary-general of the Organization of American States......
Orhan
Orhan was the second ruler of the Ottoman dynasty, which had been founded by his father, Osman I. Orhanâs reign......
Orlando, Vittorio
Vittorio Orlando was an Italian statesman and prime minister during the concluding years of World War I and head......
Orlov, Aleksey Fyodorovich, Prince
Aleksey Fyodorovich, Prince Orlov was a military officer and statesman who was an influential adviser to the Russian......
Orlov, Nikolay Alekseyevich, Prince
Nikolay Alekseyevich, Prince Orlov was a Russian diplomat notable for his humanitarian interest in his countryâs......
Osei Tutu
Osei Tutu was the founder and first ruler of the Asante (Ashanti) empire (in present-day Ghana) who as chief of......
Osman I
Osman I was the ruler of a Turkmen principality in northwestern Anatolia who is regarded as the founder of the......
Ossietzky, Carl von
Carl von Ossietzky was a German journalist and pacifist, winner of the Nobel Prize for Peace for 1935. In 1912......
Osterman, Andrey Ivanovich, Graf
Andrey Ivanovich, Count Osterman was a statesman who dominated the conduct of Russiaâs foreign affairs from 1725......
Otakar II
Otakar II was the king of Bohemia (1253â78), who briefly established his crownland as the most powerful state of......
Otto
Otto was the first king of the modern Greek state (1832â62), who governed his country autocratically until he was......
Oxenstierna, Axel, Greve
Axel, Count Oxenstierna was the chancellor of Sweden (1612â54), successively under King Gustav II Adolf and Queen......
Oxenstierna, Bengt Gabrielsson, Greve
Bengt Gabrielsson, Count Oxenstierna was a Swedish statesman who, as the principal foreign policy adviser of King......
Oyono, Ferdinand LĂ©opold
Ferdinand LĂ©opold Oyono was an African statesman, actor, and comic writer whose two best-known worksâUne Vie de......
Ozolua
Ozolua was an African king, the greatest warrior-king of Benin (in modern Nigeria). Ozolua was able to extend the......
OâBrien, Conor Cruise
Conor Cruise OâBrien was an Irish diplomat, politician, educator, and journalist who was one of Irelandâs most......
Paasikivi, Juho Kusti
Juho Kusti Paasikivi was a Finnish statesman and diplomat who, as prime minister (1918, 1944â46) and then president......
Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui
Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui was an Inca emperor (1438â71), an empire builder who, because he initiated the swift, far-ranging......
Paderewski, Ignacy Jan
Ignacy Jan Paderewski was a Polish pianist, composer, and statesman, who was prime minister of Poland in 1919.......
Page, Walter Hines
Walter Hines Page was a journalist, book publisher, author, and diplomat who, as U.S. ambassador to Great Britain......
Palmela, Pedro de Sousa Holstein, duque de
Pedro de Sousa Holstein, duque de Palmela was a Portuguese liberal statesman and supporter of Queen Maria II. Palmela......
Paléologue, Maurice-Georges
Maurice-Georges Paléologue was a French diplomat and writer who encouraged the Franco-Russian alliance before and......
Pandit, Vijaya Lakshmi
Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit was an Indian political leader and diplomat, one of the worldâs leading women in public life......
Panikkar, Kavalam Madhava
Kavalam Madhava Panikkar was an Indian statesman, diplomat, and scholar. Educated at the University of Oxford,......