Diplomats, PAN-REA
Meet the diplomats whose negotiation, tact, and statecraft helped manage conflict, forge alliances, and shape relations between nations.
Diplomats Encyclopedia Articles By Title
Panin, Nikita Ivanovich
Nikita Ivanovich Panin was a statesman who served as a chief diplomatic adviser to Catherine the Great of Russia......
Papen, Franz von
Franz von Papen was a German statesman and diplomat who played a leading role in dissolving the Weimar Republic......
Pasquier, Ătienne, duc de
Ătienne, duc de Pasquier was a French statesman who was the last chancellor of France. A descendant of the celebrated......
Passy, Frédéric
Frédéric Passy was a French economist and advocate of international arbitration who was co-winner (with Jean-Henri......
Patkul, Johann Reinhold von
Johann Reinhold von Patkul was a Baltic German diplomat who played a key role in the initiation of the Northern......
Paul-Boncour, Joseph
Joseph Paul-Boncour was a French leftist politician who served as the minister of labour, of war, and of foreign......
Pavie, Auguste
Auguste Pavie was a French explorer and diplomat, who is best known for his explorations of the upper Mekong River......
Payne, Peter
Peter Payne was an English theologian, diplomat, and follower of the early religious Reformer John Wycliffe. He......
Paz Estenssoro, VĂctor
VĂctor Paz Estenssoro was a Bolivian statesman, founder and principal leader of the left-wing Bolivian political......
Paz, Octavio
Octavio Paz was a Mexican poet, writer, and diplomat, recognized as one of the major Latin American writers of......
PaĆĄiÄ, Nikola
Nikola PaĆĄiÄ was the prime minister of Serbia (1891â92, 1904â05, 1906â08, 1909â11, 1912â18) and prime minister......
Pearson, Lester B.
Lester B. Pearson was a Canadian politician and diplomat who served as prime minister of Canada (1963â68). He was......
Pelagius I
Pelagius I was the pope from 556 to 561. His ecclesiastical roles under the popes St. Agapetus I, St. Silverius,......
Penda
Penda was an Anglo-Saxon king of Mercia from about 632 until 655, who made Mercia one of the most powerful kingdoms......
Pepi I
Pepi I, third king of the 6th dynasty (c. 2305âc. 2118 bce) of ancient Egypt, whose reign saw the spread of trade......
Perak, Tun
Tun Perak was the bendahara (chief minister) of the port city of Malacca (now Melaka in Malaysia), who was kingmaker......
Peres, Shimon
Shimon Peres was a Polish-born Israeli statesman, who served as both prime minister (1984â86 and 1995â96) and president......
Pericles
Pericles was an Athenian statesman largely responsible for the full development, in the later 5th century bce,......
Perry, Matthew C.
Matthew C. Perry was a U.S. naval officer who headed an expedition that forced Japan in 1853â54 to enter into trade......
Perseus
Perseus was the last king of Macedonia (179â168), whose attempts to dominate Greece brought on the final defeat......
Persigny, Jean-Gilbert-Victor Fialin, Duke de
Jean-Gilbert-Victor Fialin, duke de Persigny was a French statesman who helped pave the way for Louis-NapolĂ©onâs......
PerĂłn, Juan
Juan PerĂłn was an army colonel who became president of Argentina (1946â52, 1952â55, 1973â74) and was the founder......
Peter Des Roches
Peter Des Roches was a Poitevin diplomat, soldier, and administrator, one of the ablest statesmen of his time,......
Peter I
Peter I was the tsar of Russia who reigned jointly with his half-brother Ivan V (1682â96) and alone thereafter......
Phaulkon, Constantine
Constantine Phaulkon was a Greek adventurer who became one of the most audacious and prominent figures in the history......
Phayre, Sir Arthur Purves
Sir Arthur Purves Phayre was a British commissioner in Burma (Myanmar), who made a novel attempt to spread European......
Phetracha
Phetracha was the king of the Tai kingdom of Ayutthaya, or Siam (ruled 1688â1703), whose policies reduced European......
Philastre, Paul-Louis-FĂ©lix
Paul-Louis-FĂ©lix Philastre was a French administrator and diplomat who, in the formative years of colonialism in......
Philby, Kim
Kim Philby was a British intelligence officer until 1951 and the most successful Soviet double agent of the Cold......
Philip II
Philip II was the king of the Spaniards (1556â98) and king of the Portuguese (as Philip I, 1580â98), champion of......
Philip II
Philip II was the 18th king of Macedonia (359â336 bce), who restored internal peace to his country and by 339 had......
Philip III
Philip III was the king of Spain and of Portugal (as Philip II) whose reign (1598â1621) was characterized by a......
Philip III
Philip III was the king of France (1270â85), in whose reign the power of the monarchy was enlarged and the royal......
Philip III
Philip III was the most important of the Valois dukes of Burgundy (reigned 1419â67) and the true founder of the......
Philip IV
Philip IV was the king of France from 1285 to 1314 (and of Navarre, as Philip I, from 1284 to 1305, ruling jointly......
Phocion
Phocion was an Athenian statesman and general, virtual ruler of Athens between 322 and 318. Formidable in the defense......
Photisarath
Photisarath was a ruler (1520â47) of the Lao kingdom of Lan Xang whose territorial expansion embroiled Laos in......
Piccolomini-Pieri, Ottavio, duca dâAmalfi
Ottavio Piccolomini-Pieri, duca dâAmalfi was a general and diplomat in the service of the house of Habsburg during......
Pictet de Rochemont, Charles
Charles Pictet de Rochemont was a statesman and diplomat who prepared the declaration of Switzerlandâs permanent......
Pierce, Franklin
Franklin Pierce was the 14th president of the United States (1853â57). He failed to deal effectively with the corroding......
Pinay, Antoine
Antoine Pinay was a leader of the Republican Independents in France and premier from March to December 1952. Pinay,......
Pinckney, Charles
Charles Pinckney was an American Founding Father, political leader, and diplomat whose proposals for a new governmentâcalled......
Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth
Charles Cotesworth Pinckney was an American soldier, statesman, and diplomat who participated in the XYZ Affair,......
Pinckney, Thomas
Thomas Pinckney was an American soldier, politician, and diplomat who negotiated Pinckneyâs Treaty (Oct. 27, 1795)......
Pinkney, William
William Pinkney was a U.S. statesman and diplomat, considered one of the foremost lawyers of his day. A member......
Pire, Dominique
Dominique Pire was a Belgian cleric and educator who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1958 for his aid......
Pitt, William, the Elder
William Pitt, the Elder was a British statesman, twice virtual prime minister (1756â61, 1766â68), who secured the......
Pitt, William, The Younger
William Pitt, the Younger was a British prime minister (1783â1801, 1804â06) during the French Revolutionary and......
Piye
Piye was a king of Cush (or Kush, in the Sudan) from about 753 to about 723 bce. He invaded Egypt from the south......
PiĆsudski, JĂłzef
JĂłzef PiĆsudski was a Polish revolutionary and statesman, the first chief of state (1918â22) of the newly independent......
Pocahontas
Pocahontas was a Powhatan woman who fostered peace between English colonists and Native Americans by befriending......
Poincaré, Raymond
Raymond Poincaré was a French statesman who as prime minister in 1912 largely determined the policy that led to......
Poinsett, Joel R.
Joel R. Poinsett was an American statesman noted primarily for his diplomacy in Latin America. A fervent liberal,......
Polignac, Jules-Armand, prince de
Jules-Armand, prince de Polignac was a French ultraroyalist. Son of the ultraroyalist duc de Polignac, he was forced......
Politis, Nikolaos Sokrates
Nikolaos Sokrates Politis was a Greek jurist and diplomat, a champion of disarmament and the peaceful settlement......
Polk, James K.
James K. Polk was the 11th president of the United States (1845â49). Under his leadership, the United States fought......
Pollard, Jonathan
Jonathan Pollard is an American civilian defense analyst who was sentenced to life imprisonment in 1987 for having......
Pombal, Marquis de
Marquis de Pombal was a Portuguese reformer and virtual ruler of his country from 1750 to 1777. SebastiĂŁo was the......
Pompadour, Jeanne-Antoinette Poisson, marquise de
Jeanne-Antoinette Poisson, marquise de Pompadour was an influential mistress (from 1745) of the French king Louis......
Portes Gil, Emilio
Emilio Portes Gil was a Mexican political leader and diplomat who served as the provisional president of Mexico......
Power, Samantha
Samantha Power is an American journalist, human rights scholar, and government official who served on the National......
Pozzo di Borgo, Charles-André, Comte
Charles-André, Comte Pozzo di Borgo was a Corsican nobleman who entered the Russian diplomatic service and promoted......
Pridi Phanomyong
Pridi Phanomyong was a Thai political leader who was one of the instigators of the June 1932 constitutional revolution......
Primakov, Yevgeny
Yevgeny Primakov was a Russian politician who served as prime minister of Russia (1998â99). Primakov grew up with......
Prithvi NÄrÄyaáč Shah
Prithvi NÄrÄyaáč Shah was a member of the ruling Shah family of the Gurkha (Gorkha) principality, Nepal, who conquered......
PrzyboĆ, Julian
Julian PrzyboĆ was a Polish poet, a leading figure of the Awangarda Krakowska, an avant-garde literary movement......
Psamtik II
Psamtik II was the king (reigned 595â589 bce) of the 26th dynasty (664â525 bce; see ancient Egypt: The Late period......
Ptolemy II Philadelphus
Ptolemy II Philadelphus was the king of Egypt (285â246 bce), second king of the Ptolemaic dynasty, who extended......
Ptolemy III Euergetes
Ptolemy III Euergetes was a Macedonian king of Egypt, son of Ptolemy II; he reunited Egypt and Cyrenaica and successfully......
Ptolemy IV Philopator
Ptolemy IV Philopator was a Macedonian king of Egypt (reigned 221â205 bce), under whose feeble rule, heavily influenced......
Ptolemy V Epiphanes
Ptolemy V Epiphanes was a Macedonian king of Egypt from 205 bce under whose rule Coele Syria and most of Egyptâs......
Ptolemy VI Philometor
Ptolemy VI Philometor was a Macedonian king of Egypt under whom an attempted invasion of Coele Syria resulted in......
Putin, Vladimir
Vladimir Putin is a Russian intelligence officer and politician who has served as president (1999â2008 and 2012â......
Putrament, Jerzy
Jerzy Putrament was a Polish poet, novelist, journalist, and editor who was also active in politics. Putrament......
Pyrrhus
Pyrrhus was the king of Hellenistic Epirus whose costly military successes against Macedonia and Rome gave rise......
PĂ©rez de Ayala, RamĂłn
RamĂłn PĂ©rez de Ayala was a Spanish novelist, poet, and critic who excelled in philosophical satire and the novel......
Pérez de Cuéllar, Javier
Javier Pérez de Cuéllar was a Peruvian diplomat, who served as the fifth secretary-general of the United Nations......
PĂ©rez Esquivel, Adolfo
Adolfo PĂ©rez Esquivel is an Argentine sculptor and architect, who became a champion of human rights and nonviolent......
QabbÄnÄ«, NizÄr
NizÄr QabbÄnÄ« was a Syrian diplomat and poet whose subject matter, at first strictly erotic and romantic, grew......
Qaddafi, Muammar al-
Muammar al-Qaddafi was the de facto leader of Libya (1969â2011). Qaddafi had ruled for more than four decades when......
Qianlong
Qianlong was the fourth emperor of the Qing (Manchu) dynasty (1644â1911/12) whose six-decade reign (1735â96) was......
Quidde, Ludwig
Ludwig Quidde was a historian, politician, and one of the most prominent German pacifists of the early 20th century.......
Rabin, Yitzhak
Yitzhak Rabin was an Israeli statesman and soldier who, as prime minister of Israel (1974â77 and 1992â95), led......
Radowitz, Joseph Maria von
Joseph Maria von Radowitz was a conservative Prussian diplomat and general who was the first statesman to attempt......
Rakovsky, Khristian Georgiyevich
Khristian Georgiyevich Rakovsky was a Bulgarian revolutionary who conducted subversive activities in Romania before......
Rama I
Rama I was a Siamese king (1782â1809) and founder of the Chakkri dynasty (q.v.), which reigns in Thailand. (Read......
Rama II
Rama II was the second ruler (1809â24) of the present Chakkri dynasty, under whose rule relations were reopened......
Rama III
Rama III was the king of Siam (1824â51) who made Siamâs first tentative accommodations with the West, and under......
Ramkhamhaeng
Ramkhamhaeng was the third king of Sukhothai in what is now north-central Thailand, who made his young and struggling......
Ramon Berenguer III
Ramon Berenguer III was the count of Barcelona during whose reign (1097â1131) independent Catalonia reached the......
Ramon Berenguer IV
Ramon Berenguer IV was the count of Barcelona from 1131 to 1162, regent of Provence from 1144 to 1157, and ruling......
Ramos-Horta, José
José Ramos-Horta is an East Timorese political activist who, along with Bishop Carlos F.X. Belo, received the 1996......
Rampolla, Mariano
Mariano Rampolla was an Italian prelate who played a notable role in the liberalization of the Vatican under Leo......
Ramses II
Ramses II was the third king of the 19th dynasty (1292â1191 bce) of ancient Egypt whose reign (1279â1213 bce) was......
Ramses III
Ramses III was the king of ancient Egypt (reigned c. 1187â57 bce) who defended his country against foreign invasion......
Rao, P.V. Narasimha
P.V. Narasimha Rao was a leader of the Congress (I) Party faction of the Indian National Congress (Congress Party)......
Rapacki, Adam
Adam Rapacki was a Polish socialist who joined the communists after World War II and who, as minister of foreign......
Rasmussen, Anders
Anders Rasmussen is a Danish politician who served as prime minister of Denmark (2001â09), leader of the countryâs......
Rathenau, Walther
Walther Rathenau was a German-Jewish statesman, industrialist, and philosopher who organized Germanyâs economy......
Reading, Rufus Daniel Isaacs, 1st marquess of
Rufus Daniel Isaacs, 1st marquess of Reading was a politician, lord chief justice of England, and diplomat. Called......