Diplomats, REA-SHI
Meet the diplomats whose negotiation, tact, and statecraft helped manage conflict, forge alliances, and shape relations between nations.
Diplomats Encyclopedia Articles By Title
Reagan, Ronald
Ronald Reagan was the 40th president of the United States (1981â89), noted for his conservative Republicanism,......
Recto, Claro Mayo
Claro Mayo Recto was a statesman and leader of the âFilipino-firstâ movement that attacked U.S. âneo-colonialismâ......
Redl, Alfred
Alfred Redl was the chief of intelligence for the Austrian army from 1907 to 1912 and at the same time the chief......
Reid, Whitelaw
Whitelaw Reid was a U.S. journalist, diplomat, and politician, successor to Horace Greeley in 1872 as editor in......
Reilly, Sidney
Sidney Reilly was a spy who obtained Persian oil concessions and German naval secrets for Britain. Many of the......
Reischauer, Edwin O.
Edwin O. Reischauer was an American historian, diplomat, and educator and a leading expert on Asian, particularly......
Renault, Louis
Louis Renault was a French jurist and educator, cowinner in 1907 (with Ernesto Teodoro Moneta) of the Nobel Prize......
Renner, Karl
Karl Renner was a Social Democratic statesman, chancellor (1918â20, 1945) and president (1945â50) of Austria, who......
Repnin, Nikolay Vasilyevich, Prince
Nikolay Vasilyevich, prince Repnin was a diplomat and military officer who served Catherine II the Great of Russia......
ReĆid PaĆa, Mustafa
Mustafa ReĆid PaĆa was an Ottoman statesman and diplomat who was grand vizier (chief minister) on six occasions.......
Ribbentrop, Joachim von
Joachim von Ribbentrop was a German diplomat, foreign minister under the Nazi regime (1933â45), and chief negotiator......
Ribot, Alexandre
Alexandre Ribot was a French statesman of the Third Republic who was four times premier of France. Ribot studied......
Rice, Condoleezza
Condoleezza Rice is an American educator and politician, who served as national security adviser (2001â05) and......
Richardson, Bill
Bill Richardson was an American politician, who served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1983â97),......
Richelieu, Cardinal
Cardinal Richelieu was the chief minister to King Louis XIII of France from 1624 to 1642. His major goals, which......
Richelieu, Louis-François-Armand du Plessis, Duke de
Louis-François-Armand du Plessis, duke de Richelieu was a marshal of France, and grand-nephew of Cardinal de Richelieu.......
Ridgway, Matthew Bunker
Matthew Bunker Ridgway was a U.S. Army officer who planned and executed the first major airborne assault in U.S.......
Rifkind, Malcolm
Malcolm Rifkind is a British Conservative Party politician who served in the cabinets (1986â97) of Prime Ministers......
Ringuet
Ringuet was a French-Canadian novelist whose Trente arpents (1938; Thirty Acres) is considered a classic of Canadian......
RiperdĂĄ, Juan Guillermo RiperdĂĄ, duque de
Juan Guillermo RiperdĂĄ, duque de RiperdĂĄ was a political adventurer and Spanish minister during the reign of Philip......
RistiÄ, Jovan
Jovan RistiÄ was a statesman who acted as regent of Serbia twice and served as Serbian prime minister four times......
RiyÄáž, Maáž„mĆ«d
Maáž„mĆ«d RiyÄáž was an Egyptian diplomat who, as secretary-general of the Arab League (1972â79), was unable to prevent......
Roe, Sir Thomas
Sir Thomas Roe was a diplomat and author who advanced Englandâs mercantile interest in Asia and was prominent in......
Roger II
Roger II was the grand count of Sicily (1105â30) and king of the Norman kingdom of Sicily (1130â54). He also incorporated......
Roh Moo-Hyun
Roh Moo-Hyun South Korean politician and lawyer, president of South Korea from 2003 to 2008. Born into a poor family,......
Romulo, Carlos P.
Carlos P. Romulo was a Philippine general, diplomat, and journalist known for his activities on behalf of the Allies......
Roosevelt, Eleanor
Eleanor Roosevelt was an American first lady (1933â45), the wife of Franklin D. Roosevelt, 32nd president of the......
Roosevelt, Franklin D.
Franklin D. Roosevelt was the 32nd president of the United States (1933â45). The only president elected to the......
Roosevelt, Theodore
Theodore Roosevelt was the 26th president of the United States (1901â09) and a writer, naturalist, and soldier.......
Root, Elihu
Elihu Root was an American lawyer and statesman, winner of the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1912. Root received his......
Rose, Sir Michael
Sir Michael Rose is a British military officer who commanded United Nations (UN) peacekeeping forces in Bosnia......
Rosebery, Archibald Philip Primrose, 5th earl of
Archibald Philip Primrose, 5th earl of Rosebery was a British prime minister from March 3, 1894, to June 21, 1895;......
Roset, Michel
Michel Roset was a Swiss political figure who, with Theodore Beza, played the most important role in the affairs......
Rostopchin, Fyodor Vasilyevich, Graf
Fyodor Vasilyevich, Count Rostopchin was a military officer and statesman who was a close associate and adviser......
Rotblat, Joseph
Joseph Rotblat was a Polish-born British physicist who became a leading critic of nuclear weaponry. He was a founding......
Rouvier, Maurice
Maurice Rouvier was a French statesman who had some success in balancing the budget during periods of his seven......
Royal, SĂ©golĂšne
SĂ©golĂšne Royal is a French politician, who was the Socialist Partyâs candidate for president of France in 2007.......
Ruan Yuan
Ruan Yuan was a bibliophile, scholar, and official of the Qing (Manchu) dynasty who between 1817 and 1826 served......
Rubens, Peter Paul
Peter Paul Rubens was a Flemish painter who was the greatest exponent of Baroque paintingâs dynamism, vitality,......
Ruggiero, Renato
Renato Ruggiero was an Italian diplomat who served as the first director-general (1995â99) of the World Trade Organization......
Rumsfeld, Donald
Donald Rumsfeld was a U.S. government official who served as secretary of defense (1975â77; 2001â06) in the Republican......
Rumyantsev, Nikolay Petrovich, Graf
Nikolay Petrovich, Count Rumyantsev was a Russian statesman and diplomat who was also a bibliophile and a patron......
Rush, Richard
Richard Rush was an American attorney, diplomat, and statesman who, while serving as the acting U.S. secretary......
Rusk, Dean
Dean Rusk was the U.S. secretary of state during the John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson administrations who became......
Rymer, Thomas
Thomas Rymer was an English literary critic who introduced into England the principles of French formalist Neoclassical......
Råkóczi, György, II
György Råkóczi, II was the prince of Transylvania from 1648, who had the laws of the principality codified, but......
Saavedra (RamĂrez de Baquendano), Ăngel de, duque de Rivas
Ăngel de Saavedra, duke de Rivas was a Spanish poet, dramatist, and politician, whose fame rests principally on......
Saavedra Fajardo, Diego de
Diego de Saavedra Fajardo was a Spanish diplomat and man of letters, best known for his anti-Machiavellian emblem......
Saavedra Lamas, Carlos
Carlos Saavedra Lamas was an Argentine jurist who in 1936 was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace for his part in......
Sadat, Anwar
Anwar Sadat was an Egyptian army officer and politician who was president of Egypt from 1970 until his assassination......
Saddam Hussein
Saddam Hussein was the president of Iraq (1979â2003) whose brutal rule was marked by costly and unsuccessful wars......
Saint-Pierre, Charles-Irénée Castel, abbé de
Charles-Irénée Castel, abbé de Saint-Pierre was an influential French publicist and reformist, one of the first......
Sakharov, Andrey
Andrey Sakharov was a Soviet nuclear theoretical physicist, an outspoken advocate of human rights, civil liberties,......
Salazar, AntĂłnio de Oliveira
AntĂłnio de Oliveira Salazar was a Portuguese economist, who served as prime minister of Portugal for 36 years (1932â68).......
Saldanha, JoĂŁo Carlos de Saldanha, Duke de
JoĂŁo Carlos de Saldanha, duke de Saldanha was a Portuguese military officer and statesman who was prominent in......
Salisbury, Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd marquess of, Earl Of SalisburyViscount Cranborne, Baron Cecil Of Essendon
Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd marquess of Salisbury was a Conservative political leader who was a three-time......
Salisbury, Robert Cecil, 1st earl of
Robert Cecil, 1st earl of Salisbury was an English statesman who succeeded his father, William Cecil, Lord Burghley,......
Samaranch, Juan Antonio, marqués de Samaranch
Juan Antonio Samaranch, marquis de Samaranch was a Spanish businessman and public official who served from 1980......
Samudragupta
Samudragupta was a regional emperor of India from about 330 to 380 ce. He generally is considered the epitome of......
Sancho III Garcés
Sancho III GarcĂ©s was the king of Pamplona (Navarre) from about 1000 to 1035, the son of GarcĂa II (or III). Sancho......
Sandys, Duncan
Duncan Sandys was a British politician and statesman who exerted major influence on foreign and domestic policy......
Sanjar
Sanjar was a Seljuq prince of KhorÄsÄn from c. 1096 to 1157, whose fame almost eclipses that of the âGreat Seljuqsâ......
Santos, Juan Manuel
Juan Manuel Santos is a Colombian politician who cofounded (2005) the Social Party of National Unity (Partido Social......
SaracoÄlu, ĆĂŒkrĂŒ
ĆĂŒkrĂŒ SaracoÄlu was a statesman who served as prime minister of the Turkish republic from 1942 to 1946. Having......
Saragat, Giuseppe
Giuseppe Saragat was a statesman and founder of the Socialist Party of Italian Workers (PSLI), who held many ministerial......
Sargon
Sargon was an ancient Mesopotamian ruler who reigned around 2334â2279 bce. He was one of the earliest of the worldâs......
Sargon II
Sargon II was one of Assyriaâs great kings (reigned 721â705 bce) during the last century of its history. He extended......
Satyarthi, Kailash
Kailash Satyarthi is an Indian social reformer who campaigned against child labor in India and elsewhere and advocated......
SatĆ Eisaku
SatĆ Eisaku was the prime minister of Japan between 1964 and 1972, who presided over Japanâs post-World War II......
Sazonov, Sergey Dmitriyevich
Sergey Dmitriyevich Sazonov was a statesman and diplomat, Russiaâs minister of foreign affairs (1910â16) during......
Schimmelpenninck, Rutger Jan
Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck was a Dutch statesman and leader of the Patriot Party who as councillor pensionary......
Schiner, MatthÀus
MatthÀus Schiner was a Swiss prelate, papal diplomat, and intimate counsellor of the Holy Roman emperor Charles......
Schmidt, Helmut
Helmut Schmidt was a Social Democratic politician who was chancellor of West Germany from 1974 to 1982. He later......
Schober, Johann
Johann Schober was a police official who was twice prime minister of Austria (1921â22 and 1929â30). He established......
Schulmeister, Karl
Karl Schulmeister was the chief of espionage for Napoleon I. Throughout his life Schulmeister nurtured the curious......
Schuman, Robert
Robert Schuman was a Luxembourgian-born French statesman who founded the European Coal and Steel Community and......
Schwarzenberg, Felix, Prince (FĂŒrst) zu
Felix, prince zu Schwarzenberg was an Austrian statesman who restored the Habsburg empire as a great European power......
Schwarzenberg, Karl Philipp, Prince (FĂŒrst) zu
Karl Philipp, prince zu Schwarzenberg was an Austrian field marshal and diplomat who was one of the most successful......
Schweitzer, Albert
Albert Schweitzer was an Alsatian-German theologian, philosopher, organist, and mission doctor in equatorial Africa,......
Seferis, George
George Seferis was a Greek poet, essayist, and diplomat who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1963. After studying......
Seipel, Ignaz
Ignaz Seipel was a Roman Catholic priest, twice chancellor of Austria (1922â24 and 1926â29), whose use of the Fascist......
Seleucus I Nicator
Seleucus I Nicator was a Macedonian army officer who founded the Seleucid kingdom. In the struggles following the......
Selim I
Selim I was an Ottoman sultan (1512â20) who extended the empire to Syria, Egypt, Palestine, and the Hejaz and raised......
Serrano y DomĂnguez, Francisco, duque de la Torre
Francisco Serrano y DomĂnguez, duke de la Torre , duke de la Torre was one of the chief military politicians of......
Sesostris I
Sesostris I was a king of ancient Egypt who succeeded his father after a 10-year coregency and brought Egypt to......
Sesostris III
Sesostris III was a king of ancient Egypt (reigned c. 1837â19 bce) of the 12th dynasty (c. 1939â1760 bce), who......
Setthathirat I
Setthathirat I was a sovereign of the Lao kingdom of Lan Xang who prevented it from falling under Burmese domination......
Seward, William H.
William H. Seward was a U.S. politician, an antislavery activist in the Whig and Republican parties before the......
Sforza, Carlo, Conte
Conte Carlo Sforza was an Italian diplomat and statesman, an exile during the Fascist era, who became a major figure......
Sforza, Ludovico
Ludovico Sforza was an Italian Renaissance regent (1480â94) and duke of Milan (1494â98), a ruthless prince and......
Shabaka
Shabaka was a Kushite king who conquered Egypt and founded its 25th (Kushite) dynasty (see ancient Egypt: The 24th......
Shaka
Shaka was a Zulu chief (1816â28), founder of Southern Africaâs Zulu Empire. He is credited with creating a fighting......
Shalmaneser I
Shalmaneser I was the king of Assyria (reigned c. 1263âc. 1234 bc) who significantly extended Assyrian hegemony.......
Shalmaneser III
Shalmaneser III was the king of Assyria (reigned 858â824 bc) who pursued a vigorous policy of military expansion.......
Shamir, Yitzáž„ak
Yitzáž„ak Shamir was a Polish-born Zionist leader and prime minister of Israel in 1983â84 and 1986â90 (in alliance......
Sharett, Moshe
Moshe Sharett was an Israeli Zionist leader and politician who was prime minister of Israel from 1953 to 1955.......
Sharif, Nawaz
Nawaz Sharif is a Pakistani businessman and politician who served as prime minister in 1990â93, 1997â99, and 2013â17.......
Shevardnadze, Eduard
Eduard Shevardnadze was a Georgian politician, who was foreign minister of the Soviet Union (1985â90, 1991) and......
Shidehara KijĆ«rĆ
Shidehara KijĆ«rĆ was a Japanese diplomat, statesman, and prime minister for a brief period after World War II (1945â46).......
Shigemitsu Mamoru
Shigemitsu Mamoru was a Japanese diplomat who served as minister of foreign affairs in various cabinets and was......