Cochin Jews: David Ezekiel Rahabi (1694–1771) was, from 1726 on, the chief merchant of the Dutch East India Company and negotiated on their behalf with the surrounding local rulers. The Paradesis started to decline in the 19th century. In search of better economic prospects, Cochin Jews also…

Rahad River, tributary of the Blue Nile, rising in the Ethiopian highlands, west of Lake Tana. It flows more than 300 miles (480 km) northwest into the eastern part of Sudan to join the Blue Nile above Wad Madani. Although waterless during the dry season, it has a large flow during the flood season

Sudan: Mechanized agriculture: …provides irrigation water for the Rahad Scheme.

Rahad River, tributary of the Blue Nile, rising in the Ethiopian highlands, west of Lake Tana. It flows more than 300 miles (480 km) northwest into the eastern part of Sudan to join the Blue Nile above Wad Madani. Although waterless during the dry season, it has a large flow during the flood season

Paola, town, eastern Malta, just south of Valletta and adjacent to Tarxien to the southeast. It was founded in 1626 by the grand master of the Hospitallers (Knights of Malta), Antoine de Paule, and it remained a small village until the late 19th century, when it grew rapidly as a residential

Fairuz: Career: …fact, that Fairuz and the Rahbani Brothers recorded their first song, “ʿItāb” (“Blame”). Their renown in Lebanon was cemented when the family performed at the Baalbeck International Festival in 1957, the first year that the internationally focused summer cultural festival included Lebanese folkloric acts. Known as “The Lebanese Nights,” the…

Fairuz: Fairuz’s husband was Assi Rahbani, who along with his brother Mansour Rahbani—known together as the Rahbani Brothers—wrote and composed the majority of the songs and plays that Fairuz performed from the mid-1950s until Assi suffered a debilitating stroke in 1973. Subsequently, Fairuz began collaborating, separately, with her son…

rahbānīyah, (Arabic: “monasticism”), the monastic state, whose admissibility in Islām is much disputed by Muslim theologians. The term appears but once in the Qurʾān: “And we set in the hearts of those who follow Jesus, tenderness and mercy. And monasticism they invented—we did not prescribe it for

supreme leader of Iran, head of state in Iran, overseeing virtually all functions of government either directly or indirectly. The post was instituted as rahbar (“leader”) in 1979 with the creation of Iran’s Islamic Republic, which blends democratic elements with theocratic oversight from Islamic

Arabic literature: Categories and forms: …transition, a second section (the raḥīl) recounts a desert journey, thus affording the opportunity for descriptions of animals—especially the camel and horse as primary riding beasts—that are among the most famous and beloved within the entire tradition of Arabic poetry. A section in praise of the tribe (the madīḥ) comes…

Aga Khan V is the 50th in the line of spiritual and worldly leaders of the Nizārī Ismāʿīliyyah and the fifth in the lineage of Aga Khans. The Nizārī Ismāʿīliyyah are a branch of the Ismāʿīliyyah, a sect within Shiʿi Islam. He was appointed to his position by his father, the Aga Khan IV, upon the

Richard Reid is a British Islamist militant who gained notoriety as the so-called Shoe Bomber in 2001 after he attempted—by igniting explosives hidden in the soles of his high-top basketball shoes—to blow up an airplane on which he and some 200 other passengers were traveling. Reid was the only son

Rahīmyār Khān, town, southern Punjab province, Pakistan. The town was founded in 1751 as Naushehra and received its present name in 1881. It is linked by road and rail with Bahāwalpur, Multān, and Sukkur and is a growing industrial centre (cotton ginning and cottonseed-oil pressing). It has a large

Sikhism: Guru Gobind Singh and the founding of the Khalsa: …have been incorporated into the Rahit, the Sikh code of belief and conduct, which reached nearly its final form in the early 20th century.

rahit-nama, in Sikhism, sets of guidelines that govern the behaviour of Sikhs. The rahit-namas provide systematic statements of the principles of the Khalsa (the community of initiated Sikhs) and the way of life lived in accordance with these principles. Nanak (1469–1539), the first Guru and the

Lindsey Vonn: 2006 to 2009: …set by Picabo Street and Daron Rahlves. By then she had already clinched the World Cup downhill title, the first American woman to do so since Street in 1996. Her momentum continued into the next year, as she won gold medals in the downhill and supergiant slalom at the 2009…

Qatar: Early history and British protectorate: …most famous of whom was Raḥmah ibn Jābir al-Jalāhimah, known particularly for his maritime warring with the Khalifah family and their associates.

hajj: …the holy places outside Mecca—Jabal al-Raḥmah, Muzdalifah, and Minā—and sacrifices an animal in commemoration of Abraham’s sacrifice. Male pilgrims’ heads are then usually shaved, and female pilgrims remove a lock of hair. After the rajm ritual at Minā, in which pilgrims throw seven stones at three walls (formerly pillars,…

A.R. Rahman is an acclaimed Indian composer, singer-songwriter, and music producer whose artistry and extensive body of work for film and stage earned him the nickname “the Mozart of Madras.” He has received numerous accolades, including two Academy Awards (2009), a Golden Globe (2009), and two

Singapore: East India Company: …a subordinate of his cousin Abdul Rahman, sultan of Riau-Johor, who was under Dutch surveillance. Furthermore, Abdul Rahman was a younger son and not a sultan de jure. Raffles, disobeying instructions not to offend the Dutch, withdrew his own recognition of Abdul Rahman’s suzerainty over Singapore and installed Abdul Rahman’s…

Tuanku Abdul Rahman was the first supreme chief of state of the Federation of Malaya. After the declaration of independence from Great Britain in 1957, the tuanku became the first head of state, or paramount ruler, elected by and from the Malay rulers for a five-year term. Abdul Rahman died before

Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Alhaj was the first prime minister of independent Malaya (1957–63) and then of Malaysia (1963–70), under whose leadership the newly formed government was stabilized. After studies in England (1920–31), Abdul Rahman returned to Malaya to enter the Kedah civil service. In

A.R. Rahman is an acclaimed Indian composer, singer-songwriter, and music producer whose artistry and extensive body of work for film and stage earned him the nickname “the Mozart of Madras.” He has received numerous accolades, including two Academy Awards (2009), a Golden Globe (2009), and two

Lennox Lewis: …2001, Lewis lost to underdog Hasim Rahman in a fifth-round knockout. In the November rematch Lewis reclaimed his title from Rahman, knocking him out in the fourth round. After much legal and business wrangling, a bout with Tyson was finally set for June 8, 2002, in Memphis, Tennessee. Lewis knocked…

Hosain Rahman is an American entrepreneur who was perhaps best known as the CEO (1999–2017) and cofounder of the wearable technology company Aliph (also known as Jawbone). Rahman was the son of Pakistani immigrants who worked as oil-services consultants in Los Angeles. After he graduated (1999)

Mujibur Rahman was a Bengali leader who became the president (1971–72; 1975) and prime minister (1972–75) of Bangladesh. Mujib, the son of a middle-class landowner, studied law and political science at the Universities of Calcutta and Dacca (now Dhaka). Although jailed briefly as a teenager for

Indian Premier League 2026: Mustafizur Rahman’s exclusion: …KKR signed Bangladeshi fast bowler Mustafizur Rahman to its squad. In January 2026, following diplomatic disputes between India and Bangladesh and threats from Indian extremist groups against Bangladeshi players participating in the competition, the BCCI instructed KKR to release Rahman from his player contract based on security concerns, and the…

Bangladesh: Literature: During the Liberation War, Shamsur Rahman (1929–2006), already an established poet, solidified his reputation as a central voice in capturing the memory and ideals of the independence struggle. Amid the generation who came of age during the independence movement, such novelists as Humayun Ahmed (1948–2012) and Selina Hossain (1947–…

Tarique Rahman is a Bangladeshi politician who serves as the leader of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) and prime minister of Bangladesh (2026– ). He is the eldest son of former president Ziaur Rahman and former prime minister Khaleda Zia. Their family is one of two dominant political

Ziaur Rahman was a Bangladeshi soldier and statesman who served as president of Bangladesh from 1977 to 1981. He founded the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), which became one of the country’s major political parties. His wife, Khaleda Zia, later served as Bangladesh’s first woman prime minister

Suhrawardīyah: The Algerian Raḥmānīyah grew out of the Khalwatīyah in the second half of the 18th century, when ʿAbd ar-Raḥmān al-Ghushtulī, the founder, made himself the centre of Khalwatī devotion.

India: Muslim separatism: …students at Cambridge, led by Choudhary Rahmat Ali, proposed that the only acceptable solution to Muslim India’s internal conflicts and problems would be the birth of a Muslim “fatherland,” to be called Pakistan (Persian: “Land of the Pure”), out of the Muslim-majority northwestern and northeastern provinces. The Muslim League and…

Tajikistan: Civil war: …Emomali Rahmonov (from March 2007, Emomali Rahmon) and backed by Russian troops had regained control, ending the first phase of the civil war. A mass exodus to Afghanistan followed. Sporadic fighting continued as the Islamic fundamentalist forces and their allies, now based in Afghanistan, continued to launch attacks on the…

Tajikistan: Civil war: …Emomali Rahmonov (from March 2007, Emomali Rahmon) and backed by Russian troops had regained control, ending the first phase of the civil war. A mass exodus to Afghanistan followed. Sporadic fighting continued as the Islamic fundamentalist forces and their allies, now based in Afghanistan, continued to launch attacks on the…

Karl Rahner was a German Jesuit priest who is widely considered to have been one of the foremost Roman Catholic theologians of the 20th century. He is best known for his work in Christology and for his integration of an existential philosophy of personalism with Thomistic realism, by which human

Rahr Plains, geographic region that composes part of the Lower Ganges (Ganga) Plains in northern West Bengal state, eastern India. The alluvial plains, with an area of about 12,400 square miles (32,000 square km), are essentially flat, except in the mountainous northern area. Moist deciduous

Buddha: Birth and early life: ” The child was named Rahula, meaning “fetter.” Before the prince left the palace, he went into his wife’s chamber to look upon his sleeping wife and infant son. In another version of the story, Rahula had not yet been born on the night of the departure from the palace.…

Philip Rahv was a Ukrainian-born American critic who was cofounder (1933) with William Phillips of The Partisan Review, a journal of literature and social thought. Rahv emigrated to the United States in 1922 and contributed to The New Masses, The Nation, The New Republic, and The New Leader. He

broadcasting: Partnership of public authorities and private interests: …example is Radiotelevisione Italiana (RAI), originally founded in 1924. In 1927 an agreement was made with the government for a 25-year broadcasting concession. The charter was extended to cover television in 1952. Two years later a government agency acquired control, and in 1985 it owned 99 percent of the…

raï, a type of Algerian popular music that arose in the 1920s in the port city of Oran and that self-consciously ran counter to accepted artistic and social mores. An amalgam of local Algerian and Western popular-music styles, raï emerged as a major world-music genre in the late 1980s. In the years

Rayy, formerly one of the great cities of Iran. The remains of the ancient city lie on the eastern outskirts of the modern city of Shahr-e Rey, which itself is located just a few miles southeast of Tehrān. A settlement at the site dates from the 3rd millennium bce. Rayy is featured in the Avesta

Rai, a people indigenous to eastern Nepal, living west of the Arun River in the area drained by the Sun Kosi River, at elevations of 5,500–7,700 feet (1,700–2,300 m), and also in southwestern Bhutan. The most populous group of the Kiranti people, the Rai numbered about 635,000 at the turn of the

Aishwarya Rai Bachchan is an Indian actress and internationally acclaimed model who has established herself as one of Bollywood’s premier stars. Before embarking on an acting career, she achieved significant success in modeling, attracting international praise and often featuring in lists for the

Aishwarya Rai Bachchan is an Indian actress and internationally acclaimed model who has established herself as one of Bollywood’s premier stars. Before embarking on an acting career, she achieved significant success in modeling, attracting international praise and often featuring in lists for the

Guru Gobind Singh was an Indian spiritual leader who is revered as the 10th and last of the human Sikh Gurus, known chiefly for his creation of the Khalsa (Punjabi: “the Pure”), a casteless order of Sikhs that embodies courage and commitment to Sikh ideals. Guru Gobind Singh was born Gobind Rai to

Bollywood: Early years: …by actor, director, and producer Himanshu Rai, spearheaded the growth of Hindi cinema. Rai partnered with filmmaker Sasadhar Mukherjee, and, under their stewardship, Bombay Talkies created some of Bollywood’s early milestone moments and also its first star pairing—Rai’s wife, Devika Rani, and Mukherjee’s brother-in-law, Ashok Kumar. During these early experimental…

Lajpat Rai was an Indian writer and politician, outspoken in his advocacy of a militant anti-British nationalism in the Indian National Congress (Congress Party), and one of the “Lal Bal Pal” trio, along with Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Bipin Chandra Pal. The trio, along with some other Congress

Raiatea, largest island of the Îles Sous le Vent (Leeward Islands), in the Society Islands, French Polynesia, in the central South Pacific Ocean. With an area of 92 square miles (238 square km), it is the second largest island of French Polynesia. Raiatea is volcanic and mountainous, culminating in

Francia was an Italian Renaissance artist and the major Bolognese painter of the late 15th century. He is considered one of the initiators of the Renaissance style in Bologna. He was much influenced by such Ferrarese painters as Lorenzo Costa, Francesco del Cossa, and Ercole de’ Roberti, but his

Benjamin Raich is an Austrian Alpine skier who won gold medals in both the slalom and the giant slalom (GS) at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy. Raich earned international acclaim at age 18 when he won the slalom at the 1996 junior world championships. He returned the next year to the

Raichur, city, eastern Karnataka state, southern India. It is situated in an upland basin, about 10 miles (16 km) south of the Krishna River. The city contains a palace-citadel (1294) and fort (c. 1300) built on a hill 290 feet (88 metres) above the surrounding plain. In 1489 Raichur became the

computer memory: Magnetic disk drives: RAID (redundant array of inexpensive disks) combines multiple disk drives to store data redundantly for greater reliability and faster access. They are used in high-performance computer network servers.

tactics: The ambush and the trial of strength: , the ambush and the raid. Such tactics, which are closely connected to those used in hunting and may indeed have originated in the latter, are well known to tribal societies all over the world. Typically the operation gets under way when warriors, having reconnoitred the terrain and stalked their…

Leo Tolstoy: First publications of Leo Tolstoy: …Caucasus, including “Nabeg” (1853; “The Raid”) and his three sketches about the Siege of Sevastopol during the Crimean War: “Sevastopol v dekabre mesyatse” (“Sevastopol in December”), “Sevastopol v maye” (“Sevastopol in May”), and “Sevastopol v avguste 1855 goda” (“Sevastopol in August”; all published 1855–56). The first sketch, which deals…

Ravidas was a mystic, a poet, and one of the most renowned of the saints of the northern Indian bhakti movement. Thought to have been a contemporary of Kabir, another influential bhakti poet-saint, Ravidas is revered for his devotional poetry, which emphasizes spiritual and social equality and

Raiders of the Lost Ark, American action-adventure film, released in 1981, that was the first film in the blockbuster Indiana Jones series about a fictional archaeologist who travels to exotic locales throughout the world in search of precious artifacts. It was produced by George Lucas and Howard

tactics: The ambush and the trial of strength: , the ambush and the raid. Such tactics, which are closely connected to those used in hunting and may indeed have originated in the latter, are well known to tribal societies all over the world. Typically the operation gets under way when warriors, having reconnoitred the terrain and stalked their…

Raigad, historical region of western India. It is situated immediately south of Mumbai (Bombay). Though part of the Konkan coastal plain, its terrain undulates with rugged transverse hills reaching from the steep scarp slopes of the Sahyadri Hills of the Western Ghats in the east to bluffs on the

Raiganj, city, northern West Bengal state, northeastern India. It is located in a broad plain on the Kulik River. Raiganj is an important agricultural-trade and jute-exporting centre and is connected by road with Ingraj Bazar and with Dinajpur (in Bangladesh). Rice milling is an important industry.

Raiganj, city, northern West Bengal state, northeastern India. It is located in a broad plain on the Kulik River. Raiganj is an important agricultural-trade and jute-exporting centre and is connected by road with Ingraj Bazar and with Dinajpur (in Bangladesh). Rice milling is an important industry.

Raigarh, city, eastern Chhattisgarh state, central India. It lies in the eastern Chhattisgarh Plain just west of the Kelo River, a tributary of the Mahanadi River. The city was capital of the former Raigarh princely state. Several Hindu temples are in the city. A major rail junction, it has

Japanese art: Amidism: This image of the Amida Buddha and attendants descending from the heavens to greet the soul of the dying believer is called a raigōzu (Descent of Amida painting). The theme would later be developed during the Kamakura period as an immensely popular icon, but it saw its first powerful…

Japanese art: Amidism: …dying believer is called a raigōzu (Descent of Amida painting). The theme would later be developed during the Kamakura period as an immensely popular icon, but it saw its first powerful expressions during the Heian period in the late 11th century. As is typical of Amidism, the compassionate attitude of…

Sawu Islands: …square miles [414 square km]), Raijua (14 square miles [36 square km]), and several islets located about 100 miles (160 km) west of the southern tip of the island of Timor. Sabu, 23 miles (37 km) long and 10 miles (16 km) wide, and Raijua, 8 miles (13 km) long…

Robert Raikes was a British journalist, philanthropist, and pioneer of the Sunday-school movement. His philanthropic work began with a concern with prison reform. The son of a printer and newspaper publisher (the Gloucester Journal), Raikes succeeded to his father’s business in 1757. He joined in

Arkady Isaakovich Raikin was a Soviet comedian and variety-show entertainer, among the most popular and respected Soviet humorists of the 20th century. After graduating from the Leningrad Theatrical Technicum in 1935, Raikin worked in both state theatres and variety shows (estradas) and in 1939

Yorimitsu, one of the most popular of the legendary Japanese warrior heroes and a member of the martial Minamoto clan. In his exploits he is always accompanied by four trusty lieutenants. One adventure concerns his vanquishing the boy-faced giant Shuten-dōji (“Drunkard Boy”), who lived on human

Bulgaria: Bulgaria’s transition: …month, Borisov was replaced by Marin Raikov at the head of a technocratic caretaker administration that would rule until snap elections could be held. Those elections, held in May 2013, failed to produce a conclusive result, and voter turnout barely topped 50 percent. Although GERB obtained the largest percentage of…

motion-picture technology: Camera supports: …being traversed is not smooth, rails, resembling train tracks, must be laid on the floor or ground for the dolly. The camera may be freed from the tripod or dolly and carried by the operator by means of a body brace and gyroscope stabilizer. One such support is the Steadicam,…

rail, any of 127 species of slender, somewhat chicken-shaped marsh birds, with short rounded wings, short tail, large feet, and long toes, of the family Rallidae (order Gruiformes). The name is sometimes used to include coots and gallinules, which belong to the same family, but coots and gallinules

railroad: Rail: The modern railroad rail has a flat bottom, and its cross section is much like an inverted T. An English engineer, Charles Vignoles, is credited with the invention of this design in the 1830s. A similar design also was developed by Robert L. Stevens,…

drag racing: …most familiar professional categories are Top Fuel (powered by nitromethane), Funny Cars (nitromethane and methanol), Pro Stock (gasoline), Pro Stock Bikes (nitromethane-powered motorcycles), and Pro Stock Trucks (gasoline).

Rallidae, the rail family, a bird family that includes the species known as rail, coot, crake, and gallinule

transposition cipher: …schoolboy cipher is the “rail fence,” in which letters of the plaintext are written alternating between rows and the rows are then read sequentially to give the cipher. In a depth-two rail fence (two rows) the message WE ARE DISCOVERED SAVE YOURSELF would be written

snowboarding: Rail jam: Rail jams are among the most grassroots of all snowboard competitions because of their minimal requirements. They can be staged almost anywhere at any time given a small space, a rail-type feature, and some snow or ice shavings from a hockey rink. Competitors take turns…

rail-babbler, any member of the songbird subfamily Orthonychinae (order Passeriformes), placed by some authorities with other babblers in the family Timaliidae and by others near the subfamily Timaliinae when the latter are placed in the Muscicapidae. It is also the particular name of species that

traffic control: Conventional control techniques: These areas, called rail-highway grade crossings, pose particular control and safety problems. Because rail trains are of substantial mass and often travel at high speeds, any collision with a road vehicle is likely to severely damage the road vehicle and injure or kill its occupant(s). Because trains cannot…

Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the United States (1861–65), who preserved the Union during the American Civil War and brought about the emancipation of enslaved people in the United States. Among American heroes, Lincoln continues to have a unique appeal for his fellow compatriots and

railroad, mode of land transportation in which flange-wheeled vehicles move over two parallel steel rails, or tracks, either by self-propulsion or by the propulsion of a locomotive. After the first crude beginnings, railroad-car design took divergent courses in North America and Europe, because of

railroad: Cars: After the first crude beginnings, railroad-car design took divergent courses in North America and Europe, because of differing economic conditions and technological developments. Early cars on both continents were largely of two-axle design, but passenger-car builders soon began constructing cars with three and then…

railroad: The transcontinental railroad: Whitney’s Railroad Convention proposed a line from the head of the Great Lakes at Duluth, Minnesota, to the Oregon Country. The Mexican War, by adding California, Arizona, and New Mexico to the American domain, complicated the matter greatly. North-South sectionalism intruded when it was appreciated that…

railroad coupling, device by which a locomotive is connected to a following car and by which succeeding cars in a train are linked. The first couplings were chains with solid buffers to help absorb shock during braking. Later, spring buffers were introduced, with screw couplings that permit two

euchre: ) Railroad euchre refers to various local rules adopted to speed up play, especially among commuters. Auction euchre is played with five, six, or seven players and a three-card widow (cards dealt facedown). Each player in turn has one opportunity to bid at least three tricks…

Social Security Act: …were covered separately under the Railroad Retirement Act of 1934. The Social Security Act has been periodically amended, expanding the types of coverage, bringing progressively more workers into the system, and adjusting both taxes and benefits in an attempt to keep pace with inflation.

railroad signal, device designed to inform train-operating crews of conditions of the track ahead and to relay instructions as to speed and other matters. The earliest signals were flags and lamps indicating that the track was clear. The semaphore signal, with its three indications of “stop,”

railroad: Buildings: …and surroundings of new passenger stations are laid out to provide adequate and convenient areas for connecting bus or trolley-car services, for private automobile parking, or for so-called “kiss-and-ride”—automobiles that are discharging or picking up rail passengers. Many existing stations have had their surroundings reorganized to provide these facilities.

railroad: Sleepers (crossties): Timber has been used for railroad sleepers or ties almost from the beginning, and it is still the most common material for this purpose. The modern wood sleeper is treated with preservative chemical to improve its life. The cost of wood ties has risen…

railroad: Railroad track and roadway: Ideally, a railroad should be built in a straight line, over level ground, between large centers of trade and travel. In practice, this ideal is rarely approached. The location engineer, faced with the terrain to be traversed, must…

railroad, mode of land transportation in which flange-wheeled vehicles move over two parallel steel rails, or tracks, either by self-propulsion or by the propulsion of a locomotive. After the first crude beginnings, railroad-car design took divergent courses in North America and Europe, because of

Railroad Tycoon, train business simulation game created by American game designer Sid Meier and the electronic game manufacturer MicroProse Software. The title debuted in 1990 and helped launch the successful Tycoon line of games. The game was praised for its unique premise, which combined

Anthony Mann: The 1940s: film noirs: Railroaded! (1947) was the first of four noirs that Mann directed for tiny Producers Releasing Corporation (later Eagle-Lion); there a tough cop (Hugh Beaumont) tries to save Sheila Ryan’s character from a lowlife hood (John Ireland). Railroaded! was Mann’s first film with screenwriter John C.…

historiography: Economic history: …counterfactual question was offered in Railroads and American Economic Growth: Essays in Economic History (1964) by Robert Fogel, an American economist who shared the Nobel Prize for Economics with Douglass C. North in 1993. Fogel tested the claim that railroads were of fundamental importance in American economic development by constructing…

ethics: Moral realism: Railton, in Facts, Values and Norms: Essays Toward a Morality of Consequence (2003), added that such desires must also express the value of impartiality. The practical effect of these requirements was to make the naturalists’ ideal moral code very similar to the principles that would…

railroad, mode of land transportation in which flange-wheeled vehicles move over two parallel steel rails, or tracks, either by self-propulsion or by the propulsion of a locomotive. After the first crude beginnings, railroad-car design took divergent courses in North America and Europe, because of

William Ewart Gladstone: The influence of Peel: His Railway Act of 1844 set up minimum requirements for railroad companies and provided for eventual state purchase of railway lines. Gladstone also much improved working conditions for London dock workers. Early in 1845, when the Cabinet proposed to increase a state grant to the Irish…

REA Express, Inc., American company that at one time operated the nation’s largest ground and air express services, transporting parcels, money, and goods, with pickup and delivery. American Railway Express Company was established by the U.S. government in 1918, during World War I, at the same time

gauge, in railroad transportation, the width between the inside faces of running rails. Because the cost of construction and operation of a rail line is greater or less depending on the gauge, much controversy has surrounded decisions in respect to it, and a proliferation of gauges has developed

Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters: Passage of the Railway Labor Act by the U.S. Congress in May 1926 provided cause for optimism for Randolph and the porters. The act stipulated that all disputes over wages, rules, and working conditions involving railroad workers were to be settled promptly through negotiations between labour and management,…

Colin Firth: From the The King’s Speech to the Kingsman series: …interpreter who tortured him in The Railway Man (2013), based on a memoir. Firth then evinced the husband of a woman (played by Nicole Kidman) who loses her memory in the thriller Before I Go to Sleep (2014). He deployed his starchy diction and composure to comic effect as a…

Jennifer Johnston: …on Our Skin (1977) and The Railway Station Man (1984) focus on violence in Northern Ireland, and The Old Jest (1979; filmed as The Dawning, 1988) and Fool’s Sanctuary (1987) are set during the emergence of modern Ireland in the 1920s. The protagonist of The Christmas Tree (1981) attempts to…