therapeutics: Antipsychotic agents: One form, paranoid schizophrenia, is marked by delusions that are centred around a single theme, often accompanied by hallucinations. The most effective drug to use may depend on an individual patient’s metabolism of the drug or the severity and nature of the side effects.

paranormal, term commonly applied to experiences or events that seem unusual or unnatural. Those who experience paranormal events often attribute them to magical, supernatural, or folkloric origins while disregarding the steps normally taken to attain rational scientific explanations. Because of

found footage: …The Blair Witch Project and Paranormal Activity (2007) are among the most profitable films of all time in terms of their revenue compared with their production budgets.

human sensory reception: Odour sensitivity: Paranosmia (change in perceived odour quality) also may occur during respiratory infections. Changes in sensitivity are reported to occur in women during the menstrual cycle, particularly in regard to certain odorants (steroids) related to sex hormones. Olfactory sensitivity also is said to become more acute…

Chola dynasty: Parantaka I (reigned 907–c. 955), known as the destroyer of Madurai (the capital city of the Pandyas), defeated Sinhalese invaders and united the lands of the Cholas and the Pandyas between 926 and 942. Coming to terms with the Rastrakutas, he took Nellore from them…

Paranthropus, genus of extinct primates with a close, but not direct, relationship to modern human beings. The genus is known from numerous fossils in eastern and southern Africa that date to 2.9–1.2 million years ago (mya), during the Pliocene and Pleistocene epochs (5.3 million–11,700 years ago).

Australopithecus: Australopithecus aethiopicus: Australopithecus aethiopicus (2.7–2.3 mya), formerly known as Paranthropus aethopicus, is the earliest of the so-called robust australopiths, a group that also includes A. robustus and A. boisei (described below). Robust refers to the heavily built mandible, crested cranium, and very large cheek teeth,…

Mary Douglas Leakey: …lineage) that her husband named Zinjanthropus, or “eastern man,” though it is now regarded as Paranthropus, a type of australopith, or “southern ape.”

Kromdraai: …known for its fossils of Paranthropus robustus. Kromdraai is a limestone cave that has occasionally had openings to the surface. The remains of hominins (members of the human lineage) found in it are associated with animals that are thought to be about two million years old and that were adapted…

Kromdraai: …known for its fossils of Paranthropus robustus. Kromdraai is a limestone cave that has occasionally had openings to the surface. The remains of hominins (members of the human lineage) found in it are associated with animals that are thought to be about two million years old and that were adapted…

annelid: Annotated classification: …cm; examples of genera: Scoloplos, Paraonis. Order Spionida Sedentary; at least 2 long feeding tentacles adapted for grasping and arising from prostomium; size, 0.5 to 25 cm; examples of genera: Spio, Polydora. Order Chaetopterida Two to 3 distinct body

Conon of Samos: …and Sicily, Conon compiled the parapegma, a calendar of meteorological forecasts and of the risings and settings of the stars. He settled in Alexandria, where he served as court astronomer to Ptolemy III Euergetes I (reigned 246–221). When Berenice II, the consort of Ptolemy III, dedicated her hair as an…

Conon of Samos: …and Sicily, Conon compiled the parapegma, a calendar of meteorological forecasts and of the risings and settings of the stars. He settled in Alexandria, where he served as court astronomer to Ptolemy III Euergetes I (reigned 246–221). When Berenice II, the consort of Ptolemy III, dedicated her hair as an…

paragliding, sport of flying parachutes with design modifications that enhance their gliding capabilities. Unlike hang gliders, their close relations, paragliders have no rigid framework; the parachute canopy acts as a wing and is constructed of fabric cells with openings at the front that allow

parapet, a dwarf wall or heavy railing around the edge of a roof, balcony, terrace, or stairway designed either to prevent those behind it from falling over or to shelter them from attack from the outside. Thus, battlements are merely one form of defensive parapet arranged to allow those within to

gable: …roof level to form a parapet, however, its silhouette may be one of many types—such as the crowstepped, catstepped, or corbiestepped gable—with a stepped outline. The edge of such a parapet is often trimmed to form an ornamental silhouette. In northern and western Europe, where roofs of steep pitch are…

mental disorder: Paraphilic disorders: Paraphilias, or sexual deviations, are defined as unusual fantasies, urges, or behaviors that are recurrent and sexually arousing. In fetishism, inanimate objects (e.g., shoes) are the person’s sexual preference and means of sexual arousal. In transvestism, the recurrent wearing

pedophilia: … explicitly distinguishes between paraphilias and paraphilic disorders, recognizing for the first time that individuals may exhibit or engage in a range of atypical sexual interests, desires, practices, or behaviours that do not, in themselves, constitute mental illnesses. Under this diagnostic scheme, a paraphilia is recognized as a paraphilic disorder only…

paraphrase, in music, the appropriation of a phrase, melody, section, or entire piece for use in another, favoured especially during the Renaissance for masses and motets as well as for keyboard works. The original melody is not generally used as it appeared in its original context but rather is

eschatology: Early progressive millennialism: In his Paraphrase and Commentary on the New Testament (1703), the Anglican polemicist and commentator Daniel Whitby provided such convincing support for the progressive argument that he has often been credited with creating it. American Puritans were also interested in the millennium, especially Jonathan Edwards, who adopted…

philosophy of mathematics: Nominalism: The paraphrase nominalist view can be elucidated by returning to the sentence “4 is even.” Paraphrase nominalists agree with Platonists that if this sentence is interpreted at face value—i.e., as saying that the object 4 has the property of being even—then it makes a straightforward claim…

aesthetics: Relationship between form and content: …referred to as the “heresy of paraphrase,” the words being those of the American literary critic Cleanth Brooks (The Well Wrought Urn, 1949). The heresy is that of assuming that the meaning of a work of art (particularly of poetry) can be paraphrased. According to Brooks, who here followed…

folk dance: Ljubica Janković and Danica Janković and modern scholarship: …Janković sisters coined the term paraphrased folk dance for adapted dances.

fern: Paraphyses: Approximately one-third of fern species have paraphyses of one type or another. These are sterile hairs or scales intermixed with the sporangia, and they are, like indusia, believed to perform a protective function. Paraphyses usually are hairs or modifications of hairs that arise among…

fern: Paraphyses: Approximately one-third of fern species have paraphyses of one type or another. These are sterile hairs or scales intermixed with the sporangia, and they are, like indusia, believed to perform a protective function. Paraphyses usually are hairs or modifications of hairs that arise among…

Michael VII Ducas was the Byzantine emperor (1071–78) whose policies hastened the conquest of Asia Minor by the Turks. The eldest son of Constantine X Ducas, Michael was a minor on his father’s death (May 21, 1067), and his mother assumed the regency of the Byzantine Empire. Because of the

primate: Oligocene: …some authors consider the family Parapithecidae (containing Parapithecus, Apidium, and Qatrania) to be closer to the platyrrhines. The other genera represent structural common ancestors of the Catarrhini, which indicates that the catarrhines and platyrrhines had by now become separate, whereas the two modern groups of catarrhines (cercopithecoids and hominoids) had…

Asia: Tectonic framework: …larger units and are called paraplatforms; those include the North China (or Sino-Korean) and Yangtze paraplatforms, the Kontum block (in Southeast Asia), and the North Tarim fragment (also called Serindia; in western China). The orogenic zones consist of large tectonic collages that were accreted around the continental nuclei. Recognized zones…

paraplegia, paralysis of the legs and lower part of the body. Paraplegia often involves loss of sensation (of pain, temperature, vibration, and position) as well as loss of motion. It may also include paralysis of the bladder and bowel. Paraplegia may be caused by injury to or disease of the lower

The Umbrellas of Cherbourg, French musical film, released in 1964, that is unusual in that literally all of the dialogue in the movie—from mundane conversations to emotional confrontations—is sung. Director-writer Jacques Demy dared to present a rather poignant and melancholy story in musical

gastropod: The foot: …projections of the foot called parapodia; they are used in swimming or else are reflexed over the shell surface. An unusual feature found in several kinds of land slugs, some nudibranchs, and the neogastropod marine family Harpidae is the ability to self-amputate the posterior portion of the foot, which remains…

bullet ant, (Paraponera clavata), large predatory neotropical ant known for its extremely painful sting. The bullet ant is found in the humid lowland rainforests of Central and South America, ranging from El Salvador and Honduras to Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil. The bullet ant’s sting is said to feel

bullet ant: …in 1994 of the extinct Paraponera dieteri, which lived from 45 million to 15 million years ago. The Texas bullet ant (Neoponera villosa) is an unrelated species native to Texas and Mexico; it also has a painful sting.

positronium: Parapositronium, in which the spins of the positron and electron are oppositely directed, decays by annihilation into two photons, with a mean life of about one-tenth of a nanosecond (or 10-10 second; a nanosecond is 10−9 second); and orthopositronium, in which the spins are in…

sweeper: …the fishes of the genera Parapriacanthus or Pempheris, in the family Pempheridae (order Perciformes), all of which occur in marine or brackish waters in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian oceans. Sweepers have elongate-oval, compressed bodies with well-developed fins and tail. The eyes are unusually large. A few species have luminescent…

parapsychological phenomenon, any of several types of events that cannot be accounted for by natural law or knowledge apparently acquired by other than usual sensory abilities. The discipline concerned with investigating such phenomena is called parapsychology. Parapsychological phenomena of two

parapsychology, Discipline concerned with investigating events that cannot be accounted for by natural law and knowledge that cannot have been obtained through the usual sensory abilities. Parapsychology studies the cognitive phenomena often called extrasensory perception, in which a person

occupational disease: Organic compounds: Paraquat and diquat, the bipyridylium compounds, are deadly if ingested. Skin contact or inhalation of a concentrate of paraquat can cause fatal lung damage. Because no specific antidote is known, treatment consists of minimizing the body’s absorption of the poison. Many organochlorine compounds, such as…

Kertanagara: Legacy: …on the two Javanese chronicles—the Pararaton (“Book of Kings”) and Nāgarakertāgama (the epic of Majapahit), which give contradictory pictures of the King.

vertebrate: Annotated classification: Subclass Anapsida (turtles, tortoises, terrapins) No temporal skull openings; body encased in bony shell; no teeth in living members; oviparous. Subclass Lepidosauria No bipedal specializations; 2 complete temporal openings; complete palate; oviparous; male is without penis. Subclass

vertebrate: Annotated classification: Subclass Anapsida (turtles, tortoises, terrapins) No temporal skull openings; body encased in bony shell; no teeth in living members; oviparous. Subclass Lepidosauria No bipedal specializations; 2 complete temporal openings; complete palate; oviparous; male is without penis. Subclass

rhyme: …differently (cough / slough), and pararhyme, first used systematically by the 20th-century poet Wilfred Owen, in which two syllables have different vowel sounds but identical penultimate and final consonantal groupings (grand / grind). Feminine pararhyme has two forms, one in which both vowel sounds differ, and one in which only…

Sivaji Ganesan: Acting career: …in the critically acclaimed film Parasakthi (1952; “The Supreme Goddess”) written by Muthuvel Karunanidhi, a founding member of the DMK and later Tamil Nadu chief minister. The film served as a vehicle for promoting the ideals of the Dravidian movement, which called for dismantling caste-based discrimination in Tamil Nadu. It…

dinosaur: Ornithopoda: Lambeosaurus, Parasaurolophus (and a few others), the crests were hollow, containing a series of middle and outer chambers that formed a convoluted passage from the nostrils to the trachea. Except for passing air along to the lungs, the function of these crests is not widely agreed…

Peshawar, city, capital of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, northern Pakistan. The city lies just west of the Bara River, a tributary of the Kabul River, near the Khyber Pass. The Shahji-ki Dheri mounds, situated to the east, cover ruins of the largest Buddhist stupa in the subcontinent (2nd century

evolution: Chromosomal mutations: The parasitic nematode Parascaris univalens has only one pair of chromosomes, whereas many species of butterflies have more than 100 pairs and some ferns more than 600. Even closely related organisms may vary considerably in the number of chromosomes. Species of spiny rats of the South American genus…

paragliding: …boat for pleasure rides, and parascending describes the European sport of towing low-performance paragliders into the air with the object of landing on a small target. Parafoil is a trade name for certain ram-air parachutes. Additionally, small motors backpacked by the pilot can be used to drive paragliders, in which…

Romanian literature: After World War II: …for peace in her poetry, Miron Paraschivescu, a lyric poet who took themes from folklore, and Marcel Breslaşu, a complex writer on a wide range of subjects.

Paraschwagerina, genus of extinct fusulinid foraminiferans (protozoans with a relatively large shell readily preservable in the fossil record), the fossils of which are restricted to marine rocks; the animal probably lived in clear water, far from the shoreline. The various species are excellent

chondrichthyan: Annotated classification: Family Parascylliidae (collared carpet sharks) Elongate, spotted patterns; uses pectoral and pelvic fins to “walk” over reefs and sand searching for food. Length usually less than 1 metre (about 3 feet) long. 2 genera, 7 species; tropical shallow Indo-Pacific. Family Brachaeluridae (blind sharks)

carpet shark: Taxonomy and notable characteristics: …in the order are the necklace carpet shark (Parascyllium variolatum), the ornate wobbegong (Orectolobus ornatus), and the zebra shark. The tasseled wobbegong (Eucrossorhinus dasypogon) has an especially unusual appearance, with fringed lobes of skin on its head and a similar beard of lobes on its chin.

fungus: Life cycle of fungi: …fungi exhibit the phenomenon of parasexuality, in which processes comparable to plasmogamy, karyogamy, and meiosis take place. However, these processes do not occur at a specified time or at specified points in the life cycle of the organism. As a result, parasexuality is characterized by the prevalence of heterokaryosis in…

Ivan Turgenev: Early life and works: …attention was a long poem, Parasha, published in 1843. The potential of the author was quickly appreciated by the critic Vissarion Belinsky, who became Turgenev’s close friend and mentor. Belinsky’s conviction that literature’s primary aim was to reflect the truth of life and to adopt a critical attitude toward its…

sidra: …of these seven parts is parasha (plural parashot), the Hebrew word for “section.” A different person is called to the altar to read each of the parashot, and this is considered an honour for the reader.

Vyasa: …the son of the ascetic Parashara and the dasyu (aboriginal) princess Satyavati and grew up in forests, living with hermits who taught him the Vedas (ancient sacred literature of India). Thereafter he lived in the forests near the banks of the river Sarasvati, becoming a teacher and a priest, fathering…

Parashurama, one of the 10 avatars (incarnations) of the Hindu god Vishnu. The Mahabharata and the Puranas record that Parashurama was born to the Brahman sage Jamadagni and the princess Renuka, a member of the Kshatriya class. When Jamadagni suspected Renuka of an unchaste thought, he ordered

conifer: Roots: …which the only parasitic conifer, Parasitaxus ustus, attaches to the roots of its conifer hosts are an exception, but the oddest root structures are the “knees” of bald cypresses (Taxodium distichum), conical masses of woody tissue that emerge from the swamp waters around each tree. Their function is still poorly…

parasitism, relationship between two species of plants or animals in which one benefits at the expense of the other, sometimes without killing the host organism. Parasites may be characterized as ectoparasites—including ticks, fleas, leeches, and lice—which live on the body surface of the host and

Parasite, South Korean thriller and black-comedy film, released in 2019, that was the first Korean film to win the prestigious Palme d’Or at the Cannes film festival and the first foreign-language film to win the Academy Award for best picture. Directed by acclaimed filmmaker Bong Joon-Ho, Parasite

William Donald Hamilton: His “Parasite Red Queen Theory,” which proposed that multicellular organisms use the process of genetic recombination that naturally occurs during meiosis to stanch attacks by parasites, is a modification of the Red Queen hypothesis, which suggested that evolution was an “arms race” between species. This hypothesis…

Yiddish literature: The classic writers: The Parasite). Abramovitsh wrote his most important works while residing in Berdychev (now Berdychiv), Zhitomir (now Zhytomyr), and Odessa (all now in Ukraine). He was influenced by the Haskala during the 1850s and began his literary career writing in Hebrew. At that time, however, the…

barnacle: …the host’s reproductive development (parasitic castration). Parasites of the order Ascothoracica, the most primitive of cirripedes, are cyprislike as adults. An example is Laura, found imbedded in cnidarians and echinoderms.

candiru, (Vandellia cirrhosa), scaleless, parasitic catfish of the family Trichomycteridae found in the Amazon River region. A translucent, eellike fish about 2.5 cm (1 inch) long, the candiru feeds on blood and is commonly found in the gill cavities of other fishes. It sometimes also attacks

parasitic disease, in humans, any illness that is caused by a parasite, an organism that lives in or on another organism (known as the host). Parasites typically benefit from such relationships, often at the expense of the host organisms. Parasites of humans include protozoans, helminths, and

airplane: Aerodynamics: Parasitic drag is that caused by form resistance (due to shape), skin friction, interference, and all other elements that are not contributing to lift; induced drag is that created as a result of the generation of lift.

jaeger: …in body size is the parasitic jaeger (S. parasiticus).

Lepidoptera: Annotated classification: Family Epipyropidae (parasitic moths) 40 chiefly Asian species; larvae live as external parasites on plant hoppers; related family: Cyclotornidae (Australian; larvae live similarly when young, then move to ants’ nests). Superfamily Yponomeutoidea More than 1,500 species worldwide; a limited and

parasitic plant, plant that obtains all or part of its nutrition from another plant (the host) without contributing to the benefit of the host and, in some cases, causing extreme damage to the host. The defining structural feature of a parasitic plant is the haustorium, a specialized organ that

jaeger: …in body size is the parasitic jaeger (S. parasiticus).

arachnid: Annotated classification: Superorder Parasitiformes (mites and ticks) at least 11,000 species. Body usually hardened; 1st pair of legs have sensory organs. Superorder Opilioacariformes or order Opilioacarida found in North America and parts of the Mediterranean region, all of 1 family. Body of 12 segments, divided into hairy

parasitism, relationship between two species of plants or animals in which one benefits at the expense of the other, sometimes without killing the host organism. Parasites may be characterized as ectoparasites—including ticks, fleas, leeches, and lice—which live on the body surface of the host and

parasitoid, an insect whose larvae feed and develop within or on the bodies of other arthropods. Each parasitoid larva develops on a single individual and eventually kills that host. Most parasitoids are wasps, but some flies and a small number of beetles, moths, lacewings, and even one caddisfly

parasitoid, an insect whose larvae feed and develop within or on the bodies of other arthropods. Each parasitoid larva develops on a single individual and eventually kills that host. Most parasitoids are wasps, but some flies and a small number of beetles, moths, lacewings, and even one caddisfly

parasitology, the study of animal and plant parasitism as a biological phenomenon. Parasites occur in virtually all major animal groups and in many plant groups, with hosts as varied as the parasites themselves. Many parasitologists are concerned primarily with particular taxonomic groups and

Christodoulos was the archbishop of Athens and All Greece and head of the Orthodox Church of Greece (1998–2008), the youngest man ever to be named head of the church. He was a controversial participant in Greek politics and one of the most popular figures in Greece. The future archbishop was the

Friday the 13th, date that signifies bad luck in many Western cultures. The superstition is akin to the beliefs that crossing paths with a black cat, walking under a ladder, opening an umbrella indoors, or breaking a mirror bring bad luck. Friday the 13th, which occurs when the 13th day of a month

Akhilléfs Paráskhos was a Greek poet who was the central figure of the Greek Romantic school of poetry in its second and last period (c. 1850–80). His models were Alfred de Musset, Victor Hugo, and Lord Byron, but he fell short of their achievement. Paráskhos’ unrestrained manner and grandiloquent

Jharkhand: Relief, drainage, and soils: …the conical granite peak of Parasnath, which rises to 4,477 feet (1,365 metres) on the Hazaribag plateau; it is sacred in the Jain religion and to the Santhal people. Lowland plains flank the plateaus in the northwestern and northeastern parts of the state.

parasocial interaction: …fostered a phenomenon called “parasocial comparison,” wherein viewers feel that they are inferior to an on-screen persona. This often manifests in viewers as poor body image. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the quarantined world saw an uptick in parasocial relationships to cope with isolation, the effects of which continue to…

parasocial interaction (PSI), semblance of interpersonal exchange whereby members of an audience come to feel that they personally know a performer they have encountered in mass media. Parasocial interactions (PSIs) are thought to have a psychological effect similar to that of face-to-face

parasocial interaction: …to the formation of a parasocial relationship. Most theoretical work attempting to define and differentiate PSIs and parasocial relationships was published in the latter half of the 20th century. Generally, modern sociologists and media theorists agree that the concepts are distinct but deeply related. The Parasocial Interaction Scale, devised in…

animal social behavior: Categorizing the diversity of social behavior: … following two routes, called the parasocial sequence and the subsocial sequence. This classification is based primarily on the involvement of insect parents with their young, whereas classifications of vertebrate sociality are frequently based on spacing behavior or mating system. Both routes culminate in “eusociality,” a system in which the young…

umbrella: …sun became known as a parasol and was a standard element of fashionable women’s outdoor attire in the 18th and 19th centuries. The traditional construction of umbrellas using cane ribs was replaced in the 1850s by modern umbrellas using a very light but strong steel frame. Men in the West…

leafcutter ant, any of nearly 50 species of ants abundant in the American tropics, easily recognized by their foraging columns composed of hundreds or thousands of ants carrying small pieces of leaves. These moving trails of cut foliage often stretch over 30 meters (100 feet) across the forest

umbrella pine, (Sciadopitys verticillata), coniferous evergreen tree endemic to Japan, the only member of the umbrella pine family (Sciadopityaceae). Historically, this genus was classified variously in Cupressaceae or the now-defunct Taxodiaceae, but subsequent studies confirmed its structural

ceremonial object: Places of worship and sacrifice: …or initiation hut; or a parasol shaft (chattravali) in the Buddhist stupas (buildings) and the Japanese and Chinese pagodas. If represented in stone, the tree evolved into a column gnomon (a perpendicular shaft), such as the Buddhist lat, the sacred pillar (matzeva) of the ancient Hebrews, or the

wing: Parasol wings, placed on struts high above the fuselage of seaplanes, help keep the engine from water spray.

Djibouti: Manufacturing: …overcome this handicap by launching parastatals (government-owned enterprises) in specifically targeted industries, such as a mineral-water-bottling plant at Tadjoura and a dairy plant outside Djibouti city. It has also attempted to exploit significant geothermal activity in the hopes of making the country energy self-sufficient. However, the parastatal sector was plagued…

phytosaur, heavily armoured semiaquatic reptiles found as fossils from the Late Triassic Period (about 229 million to 200 million years ago). Phytosaurs were not dinosaurs; rather both groups were archosaurs, a larger grouping that also includes crocodiles and pterosaurs (flying reptiles).

Parashurama, one of the 10 avatars (incarnations) of the Hindu god Vishnu. The Mahabharata and the Puranas record that Parashurama was born to the Brahman sage Jamadagni and the princess Renuka, a member of the Kshatriya class. When Jamadagni suspected Renuka of an unchaste thought, he ordered

Kerala Plains, narrow strip of coastland, southwestern India, fronting the Arabian Sea to the west and constituting almost all of Kerala state and most of the Malabar Coast. Narrow in the north and wide in the south, the plains are about 330 miles (530 km) long and from 12 to 60 miles (19 to 96 km)

parasympathetic nervous system, division of the nervous system that primarily modulates visceral organs such as glands. The parasympathetic system is one of two antagonistic sets of nerves of the autonomic nervous system; the other set comprises the sympathetic nervous system. While providing

human nervous system: Enteric nervous system: …thoracic and lumbar levels; and parasympathetic neurons, which originate in the nodose ganglion of the vagus nerve or in dorsal-root ganglia at sacral levels S2–S4. The former innervate the gastrointestinal tract from the pharynx to the left colic flexure, and the latter innervate the distal colon and rectum. Each portion…

human nervous system: Enteric nervous system: …over the gut, arises from parasympathetic preganglionic neurons found in the dorsal vagal nucleus of the medulla oblongata and from sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the lateral horns of the spinal cord. These pathways provide modulatory commands to the intrinsic enteric motor system and are nonessential in that basic functions can…

antiemetic: Anticholinergic drugs and antihistamines are effective against motion sickness. Although many are available for use, none is entirely free from side effects (e.g., dry mouth and blurred vision with the anticholinergics, drowsiness with the antihistamines). The most-effective drugs in this group are the anticholinergic drug…

cholinergic drug, any of various drugs that inhibit, enhance, or mimic the action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, the primary transmitter of nerve impulses within the parasympathetic nervous system—i.e., that part of the autonomic nervous system that contracts smooth muscles, dilates blood

trisvabhava: Paratantra-svabhava (“the form arising under certain conditions”), the real form of phenomenal existence free from verbal expression; the world of dependent origination (pratitya-samutpada).

chapati: …popular variations of chapati is paratha, which is stuffed with vegetables and sometimes paneer cheese to give it a rich flavor and beautiful specks of color. Because of its hearty mix-ins, paratha-style chapati can often be enjoyed as a standalone meal.

parathion, an organic phosphorus compound well known as an insecticide that is extremely toxic to humans. The compound acts in mammals, as in insects, as a cholinesterase inhibitor (cholinesterase being the enzyme that controls the normal functioning of the nervous system), causing death by

parathyroid hormone (PTH), substance produced and secreted by the parathyroid glands that regulates serum calcium concentration. Under the microscope the PTH-producing cells, called chief cells, isolated from the parathyroid glands, occur in sheets interspersed with areas of fatty tissue.