computer science: Parallel and distributed computing: The simultaneous growth in availability of big data and in the number of simultaneous users on the Internet places particular pressure on the need to carry out computing tasks “in parallel,” or simultaneously. Parallel and distributed computing occurs across many different…

airport: Runway configurations: …the use of a close parallel runway configuration. Most very large airports must be assured of adequate capacity even under IFR conditions, and this can be achieved by separating the parallel runways by a minimum of 1,035 metres (3,400 feet), which was the distance approved by the International Civil Aviation…

Péter Nádas: …three-volume novel, Párhuzamos történetek (2005; Parallel Stories), formidable in its length—over 1,000 pages both in the original Hungarian and the English translation—and its variety of content. The scattered narrative, focusing seemingly randomly on events and experiences since the World War II era, intersperses surrealistic visions and graphic sexuality. In 2010…

drafting: Equipment: protractor, and compass; the parallel straightedge is an alternative to the T square. The drafting machine, introduced about 1930, allows a straightedge to be moved while maintaining any desired angle between it and the edge of the drawing board. Combining the functions of the T square, triangle, protractor, and…

Tullio Levi-Civita: …introduction of the concept of parallel displacement in general curved spaces. This concept immediately found many applications and in relativity is the basis of the unified representation of electromagnetic and gravitational fields. In pure mathematics as well, his concept was instrumental in the development of modern differential geometry.

Sondre Norheim: …the first skier to perform parallel turns. In 1868 Norheim and some friends skied 322 km (200 miles) from Telemark to Christiania (later Oslo), where he made a jump of 18 metres (59 feet). He is credited with developing in 1870 the first modern sidecut in skis, producing a ski…

science fiction: Alternate histories and parallel universes: By contrast, the “parallel universe” was entirely conjectural and hypothetical. Initially, readers found parallel worlds an amusing but inconsequential conceit, just as they had once found works set within the future academic or absurd. They soon realized, however, that the notion of uchronia (or “no-times”) offered certain pleasures…

heat exchanger: This flow arrangement is called parallel flow. Heat is transferred from the warm fluid through the wall of the inner tube (the so-called heating surface) to the cold fluid. A heat exchanger can also be operated in counterflow, in which the two fluids flow in parallel but opposite directions. Concentric…

electricity: Capacitance: …a storage device is the parallel-plate capacitor. If positive charges with total charge +Q are deposited on one of the conductors and an equal amount of negative charge −Q is deposited on the second conductor, the capacitor is said to have a charge Q. As shown in Figure 11, it…

Pierre Bonnard: …Verlaine’s book of Symbolist poetry, Parallèlement, published by Vollard in 1900. He undertook the illustration of other books during the 1900s.

parallelism, in rhetoric, component of literary style in both prose and poetry, in which coordinate ideas are arranged in phrases, sentences, and paragraphs that balance one element with another of equal importance and similar wording. The repetition of sounds, meanings, and structures serves to

biblical literature: Parallelism: Parallelism, the interpretation of scripture by means of scripture, is a corollary of the belief in the unity of scripture. But as a hermeneutical principle it must be employed sparingly, since the unity of scripture should be based on comprehensive exegetical study rather than…

psychophysical parallelism, in the philosophy of mind, a theory that excludes all causal interaction between mind and body inasmuch as it seems inconceivable that two substances as radically different in nature could influence one another in any way. Mental and physical phenomena are seen as two

Portuguese literature: Poetry: …Leon, is the earliest extant parallelistic song—a brief, repetitive lyrical poem marked by a wistful sadness that runs throughout Portuguese literature. Of the many later poems that survive, most belong to the major categories of cantigas de amor (“songs of love”; a male voice singing of problems of love), cantigas…

parallelogram, in geometry, a four-sided plane figure in which both pairs of opposite sides are parallel and equal. A parallelogram is a quadrilateral (a polygon with four sides) in which the opposite angles are equal and the diagonals bisect each other. Bisecting a parallelogram along a diagonal

parallel, imaginary line extending around the Earth parallel to the equator; it is used to indicate latitude. The 38th parallel, for example, has a latitude of 38° N or 38° S. See latitude and

parallel, imaginary line extending around the Earth parallel to the equator; it is used to indicate latitude. The 38th parallel, for example, has a latitude of 38° N or 38° S. See latitude and

Lepidodendron: Bothrodendron, and Paralycopodites—were related to modern club mosses. They grew up to 40 metres (130 feet) in height and 2 metres (about 7 feet) in diameter. During their juvenile stages, these plants grew as unbranched trunks with a shock of long, thin leaves that sprouted near the…

cross-country skiing: Courses and events: Para cross-country skiing was introduced as a Paralympic sport in 1976. It has standing, sitting, and vision-impaired categories across five events: sprint, 20-km interval start free, 10-km interval start classic, mixed 4 × 2.5-km relay, and open 4 × 2.5-km relay.

Paralympic Games, major international sports competition for athletes with disabilities. Comparable to the Olympic Games, the Paralympics are split into Winter Games and Summer Games, which alternately occur every two years. Many of the same Olympic events are included—such as Alpine skiing,

paralysis, loss or impairment of voluntary muscular movement caused by structural abnormalities of nervous or muscular tissue or by metabolic disturbances in neuromuscular function. Paralysis can affect the legs and lower part of the body (paraplegia) or both arms and both legs (quadriplegia).

Parkinson disease, a degenerative neurological disorder that is characterized by the onset of tremor, muscle rigidity, slowness in movement (bradykinesia), and stooped posture (postural instability). The disease was first described in 1817 by British physician James Parkinson in his “Essay on the

polio, acute viral infectious disease of the nervous system that usually begins with general symptoms such as fever, headache, nausea, fatigue, and muscle pains and spasms and is sometimes followed by a more serious and permanent paralysis of muscles in one or more limbs, the throat, or the chest.

polio: Course of disease: In most cases paralytic polio strikes the limb muscles, particularly the legs. Paralysis does not always involve the limbs, however. The abdominal muscles or the muscles of the back may be paralyzed, affecting posture. The neck muscles may become weak, so that the head cannot be raised. Paralysis…

polio: Course of disease: In most cases paralytic polio strikes the limb muscles, particularly the legs. Paralysis does not always involve the limbs, however. The abdominal muscles or the muscles of the back may be paralyzed, affecting posture. The neck muscles may become weak, so that the head cannot be raised. Paralysis…

algae: Toxicity: … is caused by the neurotoxin saxitoxin or any of at least 12 related compounds, often produced by the dinoflagellates Alexandrium tamarense and Gymnodinium catenatum. Diarrheic shellfish poisoning is caused by okadaic acids that are produced by several kinds of algae, especially species of Dinophysis. Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning, caused by toxins…

poison: Protistan poisons: …these organisms are known as paralytic shellfish poisoning. The symptoms, which begin with a tingling or burning sensation, then numbness of the lips, gums, tongue, and face, gradually spread. Gastrointestinal upset may be present. Other symptoms include weakness, joint aches, and muscular paralysis; death may result. There is no specific…

ECKANKAR: …Mat tradition was established by Param Sant Ji Maharaj (1818–78), who taught surat shabd yoga, the yoga of the “Sound Current.” He believed that the universe was created by a series of sound waves emanating from the transcendent Divine and that, as the Divine Sound Current descended into the realm…

paramagnetism, kind of magnetism characteristic of materials weakly attracted by a strong magnet, named and extensively investigated by the British scientist Michael Faraday beginning in 1845. Most elements and some compounds are paramagnetic. Strong paramagnetism (not to be confused with the

sannyasi: …is recognized by the title paramahamsa (“great swan”). That honorific is usually given only after a probation of at least 12 years as an ascetic and only to those who have achieved full self-knowledge. They are then regarded as free of all worldly rules and duties, including formal religious obligations,…

Prarthana Samaj: …Samaj in Bombay was the Paramahamsa Sabha, a secret society formed in 1849 for discussion, the singing of hymns, and the sharing of a communal meal prepared by a low-caste cook. In 1864 Keshab Chunder Sen, founder of the Bharatvarshiya Brahmo Samaj, visited Bombay, and the interest he evoked there…

Paramanuchit was a prince-patriarch of the Siamese Buddhist church who was a prolific writer on patriotic and moralistic themes in verse and prose. He became abbot of Watphra Jetubon and was later created krom somdec-phra Paramanujit, prince-patriarch of the church. Paramanuchit’s masterpiece is

Paramanuchit was a prince-patriarch of the Siamese Buddhist church who was a prolific writer on patriotic and moralistic themes in verse and prose. He became abbot of Watphra Jetubon and was later created krom somdec-phra Paramanujit, prince-patriarch of the church. Paramanuchit’s masterpiece is

India: The Rajputs of India: …Chaulukyas was that of the Paramaras in Malava, with minor branches in the territories just to the north (Mount Abu, Banswara, Cungarpur, and Bhinmal). The Paramaras emerged as feudatories of the Rashtrakutas and rose to eminence during the reign of Bhoja. An attack by the Chaulukyas weakened the Paramaras in…

Paramaribo, largest city, capital, and chief port of Suriname. It lies on the Suriname River 9 miles (15 km) from the Atlantic Ocean. Paramaribo is built on a shingle reef that stands 16 feet (5 meters) above the river at low tide. Access from the ocean is limited by a sandbar that allows a depth

Paramārtha was an Indian Buddhist missionary and translator whose arrival in China in 546 was important in the development of Chinese Buddhism. The basic teachings of the consciousness-oriented Yogācāra school of thought became known in China primarily through the work of Paramārtha; working out of

Mahayana: Awakening: …Two Truths, absolute truth (paramarthasatya) and conventional truth (samvritisatya), resolves the apparent conflict by stating that ultimately things do not exist as such, which is to say, do not exist as they seem to exist, substantially. Therefore, ordinary reality is ultimately nothing more than convention or tacit agreement. Understanding…

Mahayana: Awakening: …Two Truths, absolute truth (paramarthasatya) and conventional truth (samvritisatya), resolves the apparent conflict by stating that ultimately things do not exist as such, which is to say, do not exist as they seem to exist, substantially. Therefore, ordinary reality is ultimately nothing more than convention or tacit agreement. Understanding…

Buddhism: Early noncanonical texts in Pali: In the Paramattha manjusa (Pali: “Jewel Box of the True Meaning”), a commentary on Buddhaghosha’s Visuddhimagga, Dhammapala quotes a verse from the Hindu scripture Bhagavadgita and frequently mentions the views of other schools and teachers. As a result, this work provides valuable information about intellectual activity in…

Paramecium, genus of microscopic, single-celled, and free-living protozoans. Most species can be cultivated easily in the laboratory, making them ideal model organisms, well suited for biological study. Paramecium vary in length from about 0.05 to 0.32 mm (0.002 to 0.013 inch). Their basic shape is

kappa organism: …certain strains of the protozoan Paramecium aurelia. These bacteria, when released into the surroundings, change to P particles that secrete a poison (paramecin) that kills other sensitive strains of P. aurelia. The possession of kappa organisms is determined genetically. The kappa bearers, called killers, are immune to the poison that…

zoochlorella: , green hydra and green Paramecium bursaria). As symbionts, zoochlorellae use carbon dioxide and nitrogenous and phosphorous wastes and, in illuminated conditions, provide oxygen and useful nutrients to their hosts. Sometimes zoochlorellae are digested by the host. They may be passed from one generation to another in host germ cells.…

Paramecium: …pointed ends, such as in P. caudatum. The term paramecium is also used to refer to individual organisms in a Paramecium species. Paramecium is the only genus in the family Parameciidae, which resides within the phylum Ciliophora.

paramedical personnel, health-care workers who provide clinical services to patients under the supervision of a physician. The term generally encompasses nurses, therapists, technicians, and other ancillary personnel involved in medical care but is frequently applied specifically to highly trained

paramedical personnel, health-care workers who provide clinical services to patients under the supervision of a physician. The term generally encompasses nurses, therapists, technicians, and other ancillary personnel involved in medical care but is frequently applied specifically to highly trained

human reproductive system: Development of the reproductive organs: …ducts, called the paramesonephric or müllerian ducts, persist, in females, to develop into the fallopian tubes, the uterus, and part of the vagina; in males they are largely suppressed. Differentiation also occurs in the primitive external genitalia, which in males become the penis and scrotum and in females the vulva…

sultanate of Malacca: …and first ruler of Malacca, Paramesvara (died 1424, Malacca), a Sumatran prince who had fled his native Palembang under Javanese attack, established himself briefly in Tumasik (now Singapore) and settled in Malacca in the last years of the 14th century or early in the 15th. Malacca, on a fine natural…

Jayavarman II was the founder of the Khmer, or Cambodian, empire and an outstanding member of the series of rulers of the Angkor period (802–1431). Among Jayavarman II’s accomplishments were the deification of the Cambodian monarchy, the establishment of the devarāja cult as the official state

parameter, in mathematics, a variable for which the range of possible values identifies a collection of distinct cases in a problem. Any equation expressed in terms of parameters is a parametric equation. The general equation of a straight line in slope-intercept form, y = mx + b, in which m and b

gravity: Field theories of gravitation: …parameters; such formulations are called parameterized post-Newtonian (PPN) theories. There is now considerable experimental and observational evidence for limits to the parameters. So far, no deviation from general relativity has been demonstrated convincingly.

variation of parameters, general method for finding a particular solution of a differential equation by replacing the constants in the solution of a related (homogeneous) equation by functions and determining these functions so that the original differential equation will be satisfied. To

parametric equation: …by parametric equations (also called parametric curves) can range from graphs of the most basic equations to those of the most complex. Parametric equations can be used to describe all types of curves that can be represented on a plane but are most often used in situations where curves on…

parametric equation, a type of equation that employs an independent variable called a parameter (often denoted by t) and in which dependent variables are defined as continuous functions of the parameter and are not dependent on another existing variable. More than one parameter can be employed when

monasticism: Quasi-monastic: Paramilitary, or quasi-monastic, associations are another type of monastic group. Whereas most Christian orders of this sort also fulfilled medical or healing commitments, non-Christian monastic orders of this type did not cater to the sick. The Knights Templars, a Crusading order founded in the Holy…

paramilitary, group or organization that operates outside a country’s formal military structure. Paramilitaries are typically modeled after military organizations and may have similar training and equipment. These groups often have political or ideological aims and may be involved in activities

Colombia: Relief: …12,992 feet (3,960 metres) at Mount Paramillo in the department of Antioquia. From there the Cordillera Occidental fingers north into the three distinct serranías of Abibe, San Jerónimo, and Ayapel, forested ranges that drop gradually toward the piedmont plains of the Caribbean littoral. A lesser topographic feature on the Pacific…

São Francisco River: Physiography: …main right-bank tributaries—the Verde Grande, Paramirim, and Jacaré.

pāramitā, in Mahāyāna (“Greater Vehicle”) Buddhism, any of the perfections, or transcendental virtues, practiced by bodhisattvas (“Buddhas-to-be”) in advanced stages of their path toward enlightenment. The six virtues are generosity (dāna-pāramitā); morality (śīla-pāramitā); perseverance

memory disorder: Paramnesia and confabulation: The term paramnesia was introduced by German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin in 1886 to denote errors of memory. He distinguished three main varieties, including simple memory deceptions, as when one remembers as genuine those events imagined or hallucinated in fantasy or dream. This…

déjà vu, a sense that one has experienced a situation before. The feeling of déjà vu is often fleeting, lasting only a few seconds or minutes, though individuals’ reactions to the sensation may linger for some time. Most people experience déjà vu on occasion, especially young adults. It is often

Amazon basin: Amazon basin ecosystems: … and shrub communities in the páramo (located along the basin’s northern and western fringe) and in the Altiplano (the high plateau region of southeastern Peru and western Bolivia).

pseudomorph: …composition (these pseudomorphs are called paramorphs; e.g., aragonite becomes calcite, and brookite becomes rutile); by the loss of an ingredient from the original compound (e.g., cuprite loses oxygen to form copper); by the addition of an ingredient to the original compound (e.g., anhydrite adds water to form gypsum, and cuprite…

Paramount Global was one of the largest media and entertainment conglomerates in the United States. It was formed in 2019 through the merger of Viacom and CBS Corporation and operated as a subsidiary of National Amusements, Inc. Originally known as ViacomCBS, the company was renamed Paramount

Paramount Global was one of the largest media and entertainment conglomerates in the United States. It was formed in 2019 through the merger of Viacom and CBS Corporation and operated as a subsidiary of National Amusements, Inc. Originally known as ViacomCBS, the company was renamed Paramount

Paramount Global was one of the largest media and entertainment conglomerates in the United States. It was formed in 2019 through the merger of Viacom and CBS Corporation and operated as a subsidiary of National Amusements, Inc. Originally known as ViacomCBS, the company was renamed Paramount

Paramount Pictures is one of the first and most successful of the Hollywood film studios. It became a subsidiary of Viacom in 1994, Paramount Global in 2022, and Skydance in 2025. PSKY Paramount Pictures Corp. was established in 1914 by W.W. Hodkinson as a film distributor, offering Adolph Zukor’s

Paramount Pictures is one of the first and most successful of the Hollywood film studios. It became a subsidiary of Viacom in 1994, Paramount Global in 2022, and Skydance in 2025. PSKY Paramount Pictures Corp. was established in 1914 by W.W. Hodkinson as a film distributor, offering Adolph Zukor’s

Paramount Skydance Corporation (PSKY) is a U.S.-based media company that produces action films, television series, and animated features. Headquartered in Santa Monica, California, the company was formed in 2025 through an $8 billion merger between Skydance Media and Paramount Global. David

Euglena: …specialized complex carbohydrate known as paramylon, which enables the organisms to survive in low-light conditions. Euglena reproduce asexually by means of longitudinal cell division, in which they divide down their length, and several species produce dormant cysts that can withstand drying.

muscle: Diversity of muscle: …mollusks) and has the protein paramyosin in the thick filaments as well as myosin.

paramyxovirus, any virus belonging to the family Paramyxoviridae. Paramyxoviruses have enveloped virions (virus particles) varying in size from 150 to 200 nm (1 nm = 10−9 metre) in diameter. The nucleocapsid, which consists of a protein shell (or capsid) and contains the viral nucleic acids, has a

virus: Annotated classification: The major subfamily is Paramyxovirinae, which contains the human parainfluenza viruses and mumps virus, as well as Newcastle disease virus of poultry. The genus Morbillivirus, within Paramyxovirinae, contains the agents that cause measles in humans, distemper in dogs and cats, and rinderpest in cattle. The second subfamily, Pneumovirinae, causes…

paramyxovirus, any virus belonging to the family Paramyxoviridae. Paramyxoviruses have enveloped virions (virus particles) varying in size from 150 to 200 nm (1 nm = 10−9 metre) in diameter. The nucleocapsid, which consists of a protein shell (or capsid) and contains the viral nucleic acids, has a

biblical literature: Wanderings in the desert of Paran: This section apparently combines various traditions of how the Israelites came into Palestine, and J, E (or JE), and P sources have been discerned in these chapters. The traditional “40 years” in the wilderness (38 or 39, according to critical calculations) were spent mostly…

Paraná, estado (state) of southern Brazil, bounded to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, on the south by the state of Santa Catarina, on the southwest by Argentina, on the west by Paraguay, on the northwest by the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, and on the north and northeast by the state of São Paulo.

Paraná, city, capital of Entre Ríos provincia (province), northeastern Argentina. It lies on the Paraná River, opposite Santa Fe, with which it is connected by a subfluvial road tunnel. Founded as a parish in 1730 and formerly called Bajada de Santa Fe, the city had little importance until 1853,

South America: Events in the Mesozoic: …subsidence in the Parnaiba and Paraná intracratonic basins, where deposits of Triassic age have been recovered from core samples.

Paraná pine, (Araucaria angustifolia), important evergreen timber conifer of the family Araucariaceae, native to the mountains of southern Brazil and adjacent areas of Paraguay and Argentina. Although the plant is widely cultivated elsewhere in South America, it is critically endangered in its

Paraná Plateau, lava plateau, one of the world’s largest, southern Brazil. It lies mostly in Rio Grande do Sul and São Paulo estados (states), but it also spans parts of Santa Catarina and Paraná states. It is part of the Brazilian Highlands. Its formations of solidified sheets of lava rock

Paraná River, river of South America, the second longest after the Amazon, rising on the plateau of southeast-central Brazil and flowing generally south to the point where, after a course of 3,032 miles (4,880 km), it joins the Uruguay River to form the extensive Río de la Plata estuary of the

Paraná: …has two national historic monuments—the Cathedral of Paraná (1883), which houses the image of Our Lady of the Rosary, and the building of the Senate of the Argentine Confederation (1858). Other notable buildings include the home of General Justo José de Urquiza (Argentina’s president, 1854–60), the Bishop’s Palace, and the…

Curitiba: …of Paraná (1959) and the Federal University of Paraná (1912) and the site of a military air base. Home to two major league football (soccer) teams, Curitiba boasts a pair of large modern stadiums. The Civic Centre, a monumental group of buildings, is dominated by the Palacio Iguaçu, the state…

Curitiba: …of Paraná (1959) and the Federal University of Paraná (1912) and the site of a military air base. Home to two major league football (soccer) teams, Curitiba boasts a pair of large modern stadiums. The Civic Centre, a monumental group of buildings, is dominated by the Palacio Iguaçu, the state…

Paranaguá, port, southeastern Paraná estado (state), southern Brazil, on Paranaguá Bay. The city lies at the foot of the coastal Serra do Mar, 18 miles (29 km) from the open Atlantic Ocean. It was founded in 1585 by Portuguese explorers. Surviving colonial landmarks include the fort of Nossa

Paranaíba River, south central Brazil, rising on the western slopes of the Serra da Mata da Corda and flowing west-southwestward for about 600 mi (1,000 km); it collects eight sizable tributaries along its course to join the Grande River and form the Paraná River. The river constitutes the border

European Southern Observatory: …the Very Large Telescope (Paranal Observatory) on Paranal, a 2,600-metre- (8,600-foot-) high mountain about 130 km (80 miles) south of Antofagasta, and the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) located about 50 km (30 miles) east of San Pedro de Atacama on the Chajnantor plateau at an altitude of 5,000…

Paranapanema River, river, rising south of São Paulo in the Serra do Paranapiacaba, southeastern Brazil, and flowing in a west-northwesterly direction for 560 mi (900 km) before entering the Paraná River at Pôrto São José. After receiving the Itararé, it forms part of the São Paulo–Paraná estado

Parañaque, city, central Luzon, Philippines, on the southeastern shore of Manila Bay. Its site was occupied by small vegetable farms until the mid-20th century, when expanding urbanization transformed the town into a southern suburb of Manila. The Manila International Airport to the east occupies

sinus: Paranasal air sinuses: The air sinuses, four on each side, are cavities in the bones that adjoin the nose. They are outgrowths from the nasal cavity and retain their communications with it by means of drainage openings, or ostia. Consequently, their lining is mucous membrane…

sinus: Paranasal air sinuses: The air sinuses, four on each side, are cavities in the bones that adjoin the nose. They are outgrowths from the nasal cavity and retain their communications with it by means of drainage openings, or ostia. Consequently, their lining is mucous membrane…

Jan Parandowski was a Polish writer, essayist, and translator. Parandowski graduated from a classical gimnazjum in Lwów. In 1914, when the Russian army entered the city, he and other members of Poland’s intelligentsia were deported to Russia for the duration of the war. Returning home after the

cancer: Systemic effects of malignant tumors: …from the tumor are called paraneoplastic syndromes. Such symptoms may be the first manifestation of a small tumor and thus may allow early detection and treatment of the disease. It is important that those symptoms not be confused with symptoms caused by advanced metastatic disease, as misdiagnosis can lead to…

Harrison Ford: Presumed Innocent and The Fugitive: … (2011), and the corporate thriller Paranoia (2013). In the inspirational 42 (2013), about the life of Jackie Robinson, Ford portrayed the pioneering baseball executive Branch Rickey. In Ender’s Game (2013), an adaptation of Orson Scott Card’s novel of the same name, Ford played a military officer tasked with training adolescents…

paranoia, the central theme of a group of psychotic disorders characterized by systematic delusions and of the nonpsychotic paranoid personality disorder. The word paranoia was used by the ancient Greeks, apparently in much the same sense as the modern popular term insanity. Since then it has had a

Salvador Dalí: Surrealism: …process he described as “paranoiac critical.”

heavy metal: Power-chord pioneers: …Deep Purple in Rock, and Paranoid, respectively, which featured heavy riffs, distorted “power chords,” mystical lyrics, guitar and drum solos, and vocal styles that ranged from the wails of Zeppelin’s Robert Plant to the whines of Sabbath’s Ozzy Osbourne.

Black Sabbath: Success: …and songs such as “Paranoid,” “Iron Man,” and “War Pigs” became metal classics. By the end of the 1970s they had sold millions of records and had become the standard by which virtually every heavy metal band had to measure itself.

delusion: …are delusions of persecution and grandeur; others include delusions of bodily functioning, guilt, love, and control.

Gus Van Sant: With Paranoid Park (2007) he returned to familiar subject matter, addressing the confusion of young adulthood through the misadventures of a high-school skateboarder. The film was set in Portland, Oregon, a signature location for Van Sant, as it was the scene of portions of his own…

personality disorder: Persons who have a paranoid personality disorder show a pervasive and unjustified mistrust and suspiciousness of others. They may be secretive or aggressive and are excessively sensitive to implied slights or criticism. Persons with schizoid personality disorder appear aloof, withdrawn, unresponsive, humourless, and dull and are solitary to an…