motion-picture technology: Sound reproduction: …Electrical Characteristic of 1938, or Academy Curve, so that frequencies above 8,000 hertz (Hz) are “rolled off.” This practice dates from an era when sound tracks had a large degree of ground noise and vacuum tube amplifiers produced an audible hiss concentrated in the upper frequencies. A treble boost is…

Renzo Piano: …York City; and the long-delayed Academy Museum of Motion Pictures (2021), Los Angeles. His portfolio remained diverse, however, and he designed a new building for the Paris Courthouse (2017); a school building (2019) in Shenzhen, China; a residential tower (565 Broome Soho; 2019) in New York, New York; and the…

Crusca Academy, Italian literary academy founded in Florence in 1582 for the purpose of purifying Tuscan, the literary language of the Italian Renaissance. Partially through the efforts of its members, the Tuscan dialect, particularly as it had been employed by Petrarch and Boccaccio, became the

Galleries of the Academy of Venice, museum of art in Venice housing an unrivaled collection of paintings from the Venetian masters of the 13th through 18th century. There are outstanding works by Giovanni Bellini, Giorgione, Titian, Tintoretto, Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, Rosalba Carriera, and

Giacomo Antonio Domenico Quarenghi: …of academic structures, including the Academy of Sciences (1785–90), the Catherine Institute (1804–07; now the Saltykov-Shchedrin Library), and the Smolny Institute (1806–08). At the royal residence of Tsarskoye Selo (now Pushkin), Quarenghi designed the baths, concert hall, church, the Alexander Palace, and other structures.

Academy of Sciences, highest scientific society and principal coordinating body for research in natural and social sciences, technology, and production in Russia. The organization was established in St. Petersburg, Russia, on February 8 (January 28, Old Style), 1724. Membership in the academy is by

Ukraine: Education: …single scientific organization is the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Founded in 1918 (when Ukraine was briefly an independent state), the academy grew as an institution of research and learning during the Soviet period. Following Soviet leader Joseph Stalin’s purges of the 1930s, the academy’s humanities and social science sections…

Akademii Nauk Range, mountain range, western Pamirs, central Tajikistan. The mountains, extending north-south, are approximately 68 miles (110 km) in length and are composed mostly of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, together with some granite. Glaciation from permanent snowcaps extends over an

Galleries of the Academy of Venice, museum of art in Venice housing an unrivaled collection of paintings from the Venetian masters of the 13th through 18th century. There are outstanding works by Giovanni Bellini, Giorgione, Titian, Tintoretto, Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, Rosalba Carriera, and

film: Framing: …most common, known as the Academy ratio, is 1.33 to 1, or 4 to 3, a ratio corresponding to the dimensions of the frame of 35-mm film. By using 70-mm film or a special CinemaScope lens, an image with wider horizontal and shorter vertical dimensions is achieved—a proportion of about…

Acadia, North American Atlantic seaboard possessions of France in the 17th and 18th centuries. Centred in what are now New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island, Acadia was probably intended to include parts of Maine (U.S.) and Quebec. The first organized French settlement in Acadia was

Acadia National Park, national park on the Atlantic coast of Maine, U.S., astride Frenchman Bay. It has an area of 65 square miles (168 square km) and was originally established as Sieur de Monts National Monument (1916), named for Pierre du Guast, sieur (lord) de Monts. It became the first

Acadia University, Privately endowed university in Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada. Founded in 1838, it took its current name and status in 1891. It has faculties of arts, professional studies, science, theology, education, and graduate studies. Acadia ranks among the country’s top undergraduate

Acadian, descendant of the French settlers of Acadia (French: Acadie), the French colony on the Atlantic coast of North America in what is now the Maritime Provinces of Canada. In 1604 Acadia was visited by Samuel de Champlain and Pierre du Gua, sieur de Monts, and the French established a colony

North America: The Eastern Upland forest: Also known as the Acadian forest in Canada, the Eastern Upland forest covers much of the central and northern Appalachians and New England; there, polar continental air is pronounced, while elevation modifies the tropical maritime winds. The growing season ranges from 90…

Acadian orogeny, a mountain-building event that affected an area from present-day New York to Newfoundland during the Devonian Period (416 to 359.2 million years ago). Originally a depositional fore-arc basin formed from what was formerly known as the Appalachian Geosyncline; subsequent

Gulf of Saint Lawrence: …most important, known as the Acadian Platform, occupies a large semicircle between the Gaspé Peninsula and Cape Breton. The relief of this area is not at all uniform because it includes depressions such as the Chaleurs Trough, shelves such as the Bradelle Bank, the Northumberland Strait, and above-water sections such…

Acadia, North American Atlantic seaboard possessions of France in the 17th and 18th centuries. Centred in what are now New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island, Acadia was probably intended to include parts of Maine (U.S.) and Quebec. The first organized French settlement in Acadia was

acai, (Euterpe oleracea), species of palm cultivated for both its fruit and edible hearts of palm. Native to tropical South and Central America, acai palms are common along the Amazon River estuary and are cultivated on floodplains, especially in the state of Pará in Brazil. The plant has long been

acai, (Euterpe oleracea), species of palm cultivated for both its fruit and edible hearts of palm. Native to tropical South and Central America, acai palms are common along the Amazon River estuary and are cultivated on floodplains, especially in the state of Pará in Brazil. The plant has long been

Acajutla, Pacific seaport, southwestern El Salvador. Spanish conquistadores defeated the indigenous people there in 1524, and it subsequently flourished as a colonial port. The old town has been rebuilt inland in order to make room for new port facilities. Acajutla is El Salvador’s principal port

bhūmi: …nirvana), (7) dūraṅgamā (“far-going”), (8) acalā (“immovable”), (9) sādhumatī (“good-minded”), and (10) dharmameghā (showered with “clouds of dharma,” or universal truth).

Fudō Myō-ō, in Japanese Buddhist mythology, the fierce form of the Buddha Vairocana, and the most important of the Myō-ō class of deities. See

Fudō Myō-ō, in Japanese Buddhist mythology, the fierce form of the Buddha Vairocana, and the most important of the Myō-ō class of deities. See

cucumber beetle: The striped cucumber beetle (Acalymma vittatum) has two black stripes on each wing cover (elytron), and the spotted cucumber beetle (D. undecimpunctata) has black spots on each wing cover. They both feed on garden plants, and their larvae feed on the roots. The green-colored D. longicornis…

copperleaf: Major species: Another ornamental species, the chenille plant, also called bristly copperleaf or red hot cattail (A. hispida), reaches a height of 3 metres (10 feet) and is grown for its long tail-like pendent flower spikes that are rust-red in colour. It is native to tropical eastern Asia. A. godseffiana, which…

copperleaf: Major species: …is also widely known as Jacob’s coat and as match-me-if-you-can. The copperleaf is native to Polynesia. It reaches about 3 metres (10 feet) in height, though one variety attains a height of about 6 metres (20 feet).

Diptera: Annotated classification: Section Acalyptrata Thoracic squamae (i.e., calypters that join base of wing to thorax) are small or evanescent; small soft-bodied flies; major families well established; placement of genera uncertain; families can be grouped according to food preferences of larvae. Flies breeding in vegetable compost and dung Family…

smallpox: History: The new vaccine, called ACAM2000, is produced using basic cell-culture techniques that allow it to be made quickly and in sufficient quantity in the event of a national smallpox emergency.

Soli: …War by the Attic hero Acamas, perhaps reflecting the Sea Peoples’ occupation of Cyprus (c. 1193 bc). According to another legend, however, the city was named for the Athenian lawgiver Solon (flourished 6th century bc), who was supposed to have visited Cyprus. Soli was probably an ally of Assyria in…

Acámbaro, city, southeastern Guanajuato estado (state), central Mexico. Acámbaro lies along the Lerma River in the southern portion of the Mesa Central at 6,388 feet (1,947 metres) above sea level. A Spanish settlement was founded there in 1526 on the site of a small Tarascan Indian village. With

alcoholism: Physiological therapies: …naltrexone (an opiate antagonist) and acamprosate, or calcium acetylhomotaurinate (a modulator of gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA] and N-methyl-D-aspartate [NMDA] receptors), have, like disulfiram, been effective in reducing relapse over periods up to a year. But there is no evidence that either of these agents reduces the risk of relapse over the…

Alalakh, ancient Syrian city in the Orontes (Asi) valley, southern Turkey. Excavations (1936–49) by Sir Leonard Woolley uncovered numerous impressive buildings, including a massive structure known as the palace of Yarim-Lim, dating from c. 1780 bce, when Alalakh was the chief city of the district

Acanthaceae, one of 24 families in the mint order (Lamiales) of flowering plants, containing approximately 220 genera and nearly 4,000 species distributed predominantly in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The greater part of the Acanthaceae family are herbs or shrubs, but vines and

Naegleria fowleri: Incidence of N. fowleri infection and risk factors: …unlike other brain-infecting free-living amoebas—notably, Acanthamoeba species and Balamuthia mandrillaris—that target people with a weakened immune system. Most documented cases in the U.S. have been in young boys, which, according to the CDC, is possibly because they participate most actively in water sports during summer and play in the soil…

protozoan: Annotated classification: Acanthamoebidae Uninucleate cells. Form nonadhesive uroids. Glycocalyx is thin. Subpseudopodia are prominent. Cysts are double-walled. Entamoebida Lack flagella, centrioles, mitochondria, hydrogenosomes, and peroxisomes. Mitosis is closed. Possess reduced Golgi dictyosomes.

marine ecosystem: Plankton: radiolarians, acantharians, and ciliates. Many of these protists are important consumers and a food source for zooplankton.

Insects That Wear Things: Assassin bug: Corpses: …assassin bugs of the genus Acanthaspis, found in Asia and Africa, have developed a particularly grisly form of camouflage: they decorate themselves with the corpses of their prey. After impaling and sucking their ant victims dry, the bugs use sticky threads to glue the empty exoskeletons onto themselves. Interestingly, though…

crown-of-thorns starfish, (Acanthaster planci), reddish and heavy-spined species of the phylum Echinodermata. The adult has from 12 to 19 arms, is typically 45 centimetres (18 inches) across, and feeds on coral polyps. Beginning about 1963 it increased enormously on Australia’s Great Barrier Reef.

spiny-headed worm: Natural history.: …a new stage called an acanthella. The acanthella, a miniature version of the adult, withdraws its armed proboscis before entering a resting stage during which it is known as a cystacanth. Once again, no further development occurs unless the cystacanth is ingested by its definitive host, a vertebrate. If ingested,…

linnet, (Carduelis, sometimes Acanthis, cannabina), seed-eating European finch of the family Fringillidae (order Passeriformes). It is 13 cm (5 inches) long and brown streaked, with a white-edged forked tail; the crown and breast of the male are red. It is a hedgerow singer, and flocks forage for

rifleman, (Acanthisitta chloris), a New Zealand wren of the family

Xenicidae, bird family of the order Passeriformes; its members are commonly known as New Zealand wrens. The three living species are the rock wren (Xenicus gilviventris) and the rare bush wren (X. longipes) on South Island and, common to both islands, the rifleman (Acanthisitta chloris). A fourth

acanthite, a silver sulfide mineral (Ag2S) that is the most important ore of silver. It is abundant, with other silver minerals, in the sulfide mineral deposits of Kongsberg, Nor.; Kremnica, Slovakia; Zacatecas, Mex.; and the Comstock Lode, Nev., U.S. Argentite is the high-temperature form of

passeriform: Annotated classification: Family Acanthizidae (Australian warblers) Tiny to small songbirds 8–12 cm (3.1–4.7 inches), some with beautiful songs. The weebill is Australia’s smallest bird. Mostly drab brown and gray in colour and difficult to identify. Includes thornbills (Acanthiza) and fairy warblers (Gerygone). About 15 genera, 62 species. Australia, New…

annelid: Annotated classification: ); size, small; genera include Acanthobdella. Order Rhynchobdellida An eversible pharynx used to penetrate host tissue; jawless; distinct blood vessels contain colourless blood; freshwater or marine inhabitants; size, minute to 20 cm; examples of genera: Glossisphonia, Piscicola,

annelid: Annotated classification: Order Acanthobdellida Primitive group; setae present on 5 anterior segments; no anterior sucker; parasitic on fish in Lake Baikal (U.S.S.R.); size, small; genera include Acanthobdella. Order Rhynchobdellida An eversible pharynx used to penetrate host tissue; jawless; distinct blood vessels contain colourless blood;

spiny-headed worm, any animal of the invertebrate phylum Acanthocephala. A proboscis, or snout, which bears hooks, gives the group its name. There are about 1,150 recorded species, all of which parasitize vertebrates (usually fish) as adults and arthropods (usually insects or crustaceans) as

spiny-headed worm, any animal of the invertebrate phylum Acanthocephala. A proboscis, or snout, which bears hooks, gives the group its name. There are about 1,150 recorded species, all of which parasitize vertebrates (usually fish) as adults and arthropods (usually insects or crustaceans) as

filariasis: Types of filariasis: …of filariasis are caused by Acanthocheilonema perstans and Mansonella ozzardi and are not in most cases associated with specific symptoms. The prevention of filariasis relies heavily on insecticides and insect repellents.

wahoo, (Acanthocybium solanderi), swift-moving, powerful, predacious food and game fish of the family Scombridae (order Perciformes) found worldwide, especially in the tropics. The wahoo is a slim, streamlined fish with sharp-toothed, beaklike jaws and a tapered body ending in a slender tail base

heliozoan: …similar species commonly called the green sun animalcule because its body is coloured by harmless symbiotic green algae (zoochlorellae). Actinosphaerium species are multinucleate, often reaching a diameter of 1 mm (0.04 inch).

red blood cell: …appearance in the hereditary disorder acanthocytosis. The number of red cells and the amount of hemoglobin vary among different individuals and under different conditions; the number is higher, for example, in persons who live at high altitudes and in the disease polycythemia. At birth the red cell count is high;…

spiny shark, any of a group of more than 150 species of small extinct fishes traditionally classified in the class Acanthodii and considered by many paleontologists as the earliest known jawed vertebrates (or gnathostomes). Historically, spiny sharks were thought to make up a transitional group

spiny shark, any of a group of more than 150 species of small extinct fishes traditionally classified in the class Acanthodii and considered by many paleontologists as the earliest known jawed vertebrates (or gnathostomes). Historically, spiny sharks were thought to make up a transitional group

Hauterivian Stage: …first appearance of the ammonite Acanthodiscus radiatus and related species, which are used as index fossils. The Hauterivian has been divided into several shorter spans of time called biozones. One of these is characterized by the planktonic foraminiferan Caucasella hoterivica, which is another index fossil for rocks of this age.

catfish: …urogenital openings of bathers; the talking catfish (Acanthodoras spinosissimus) is an armoured, Amazonian species that makes grunting sounds; the upside-down catfishes (Synodontis batensoda and others) of the family Mochokidae habitually swim upside down; the walking catfish (Clarias batrachus) is an air breather of the family Clariidae that can travel overland.

Araliaceae: Hari-giri, or castor aralia (Acanthopanax ricinifolius), is used in Japan in building and in furniture making.

adder: Although death adders (Acanthophis) are related to the slender-bodied cobras, they are viperlike in appearance, with thick bodies, short tails, and broad heads. They are about 45 to 90 cm (18 to 35 inches) long and are gray or brownish with darker crosswise bands. Death adders…

spiny-finned fish, any member of the superorder Acanthopterygii, including four orders of marine and freshwater fishes having fins with some spiny (as opposed to soft) rays—Atheriniformes, Beryciformes, Zeiformes, and Lampridiformes. The atheriniform is the best known of the spiny-finned group,

spiny-headed worm: Natural history.: …gut, the larva, called an acanthor, bores through the gut wall into the arthropod’s blood cavity (hemocoel), becomes encapsulated there, and develops into a new stage called an acanthella. The acanthella, a miniature version of the adult, withdraws its armed proboscis before entering a resting stage during which it is…

seed beetle: …weevil (Bruchus pisorum) and the bean weevil (Acanthoscelides obtectus), both of which occur throughout the world.

surgeonfish, any of about 75 species of thin, deep-bodied, tropical marine fishes of the family Acanthuridae (order Perciformes). Surgeonfishes are small-scaled, with a single dorsal fin and one or more distinctive, sharp spines that are located on either side of the tail base and can produce deep

perciform: Annotated classification: Suborder Acanthuroidei Modified percoidlike fishes characterized by peculiarities of bones suspending the jaws, which thereby are extended far forward as a small nibbling mouth at end of more or less lengthened snout. 6 families. Family Scatopahgidae 2 genera, 4 species. Family Acanthuridae 6 genera, 80 species.…

acanthus, in architecture and decorative arts, a stylized ornamental motif based on a characteristic Mediterranean plant with jagged leaves, Acanthus spinosus. It was first used by the Greeks in the 5th century bc on temple roof ornaments, on wall friezes, and on the capital of the Corinthian

Acanthaceae, one of 24 families in the mint order (Lamiales) of flowering plants, containing approximately 220 genera and nearly 4,000 species distributed predominantly in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The greater part of the Acanthaceae family are herbs or shrubs, but vines and

Acanthaceae: …and includes such ornamentals as bear’s-breech (Acanthus mollis), clockvine (Thunbergia), shrimp plant (Justicia brandegeana), and caricature-plant (Graptophyllum pictum). The largest genera include Justicia (600 species; now comprising former segregate genera such as Jacobinia and

acanthus: …Mediterranean plant with jagged leaves, Acanthus spinosus. It was first used by the Greeks in the 5th century bc on temple roof ornaments, on wall friezes, and on the capital of the Corinthian column. One of the best examples of its use in the Corinthian order is the Temple of…

history of Latin America: Socialism, communism, fascism: …Brazil, whose green-shirted Integralistas (Ação Integralista Brasileira) emerged as the largest single national party in the mid-1930s until involvement in a foolhardy coup attempt led to their suppression. Hence the influence of fascism was more often exercised through homegrown authoritarians who were attracted to certain aspects of it but…

Tiwanaku: …buildings of Tiwanaku include the Akapana Pyramid, a huge platform mound or stepped pyramid of earth faced with cut andesite; a rectangular enclosure known as the Kalasasaya, constructed of alternating tall stone columns and smaller rectangular blocks; and another enclosure known as the Palacio. A notable feature of the Kalasasaya…

Acapulco, city and port, Guerrero estado (state), southwestern Mexico. Situated on a deep semicircular bay, Acapulco is a resort with the best harbour on the Pacific coast of Mexico and one of the finest natural anchorages in the world. The town lies on a narrow strip of land between the bay and

Acapulco, city and port, Guerrero estado (state), southwestern Mexico. Situated on a deep semicircular bay, Acapulco is a resort with the best harbour on the Pacific coast of Mexico and one of the finest natural anchorages in the world. The town lies on a narrow strip of land between the bay and

Acaraí Mountains, low range on the border of Brazil (Pará state) and southern Guyana. The mountains, which rise to about 2,000 feet (600 metres) above sea level, run in an east–west direction for about 80 miles (130 km) and form part of the northern watershed of the Amazon Basin. The whole area is

Acaraí Mountains, low range on the border of Brazil (Pará state) and southern Guyana. The mountains, which rise to about 2,000 feet (600 metres) above sea level, run in an east–west direction for about 80 miles (130 km) and form part of the northern watershed of the Amazon Basin. The whole area is

Acaraí Mountains, low range on the border of Brazil (Pará state) and southern Guyana. The mountains, which rise to about 2,000 feet (600 metres) above sea level, run in an east–west direction for about 80 miles (130 km) and form part of the northern watershed of the Amazon Basin. The whole area is

beekeeping: Diseases: … is caused by the mite Acarapis woodi that gets into the tracheae of the bee through its breathing holes or spiracles in its thorax or midsection. Bees affected by this mite are unable to fly, have disjointed wings and distended abdomens. There is presently no good control for this mite.…

Paraguay: Energy: …plants in Asunción until the Acaray hydroelectric power plant began operating in 1968. When the plant’s capacity was expanded, Paraguay’s total production increased more than 15-fold from 1970 to 1990. Nearly all of that increase came from hydroelectric sources. Distribution of electricity is controlled by the National Power Company, which…

acarid, (subclass Acari or Acarida or Acarina), any member of the subgroup of the arthropod class Arachnida that includes the mites and ticks. Some mites are as small as 0.1 mm (0.0039 inch) in length, while the largest ticks are slightly more than 30 mm (1.18 inches) long. Nymphs and adults

Río de Acarí, stream in southwestern Peru, rising in the Cordillera Occidental and flowing to the Pacific Ocean; its valley is the site of remains of the Nazca

miticide, any chemical substance used to control mites or ticks (especially species that damage ornamental or food plants), which are not susceptible to commonly used insecticides. Azobenzene, dicofol, ovex, and tetradifon are commonly used miticides. Many miticides kill eggs and larval stages as

acarid, (subclass Acari or Acarida or Acarina), any member of the subgroup of the arthropod class Arachnida that includes the mites and ticks. Some mites are as small as 0.1 mm (0.0039 inch) in length, while the largest ticks are slightly more than 30 mm (1.18 inches) long. Nymphs and adults

acarid, (subclass Acari or Acarida or Acarina), any member of the subgroup of the arthropod class Arachnida that includes the mites and ticks. Some mites are as small as 0.1 mm (0.0039 inch) in length, while the largest ticks are slightly more than 30 mm (1.18 inches) long. Nymphs and adults

Mary Of The Incarnation was a mystic whose activity and influence in religious affairs inspired most of the leading French ecclesiastics of her time. Although Mary wished to be a nun, her parents insisted that she marry (1582) Pierre Acarie, vicomte de Villemore. With the aid of King Henry IV of

arachnid: Annotated classification: Superorder Acariformes (mites) at least 30,000 species. Eyes present or absent; habitats from aquatic to terrestrial; predatory to parasitic. Superorder Parasitiformes (mites and ticks) at least 11,000 species. Body usually hardened; 1st pair of legs have sensory organs.

Acarigua, city, northern Portuguesa estado (state), northwestern Venezuela. Formerly the state capital, Acarigua is a principal commercial centre of the northern portion of the Llanos (plains), in which cattle, peanuts, sorghum, cashews, beans, cotton, corn (maize), and rice are the principal

acarid, (subclass Acari or Acarida or Acarina), any member of the subgroup of the arthropod class Arachnida that includes the mites and ticks. Some mites are as small as 0.1 mm (0.0039 inch) in length, while the largest ticks are slightly more than 30 mm (1.18 inches) long. Nymphs and adults

beekeeping: Diseases: Acarine disease is caused by the mite Acarapis woodi that gets into the tracheae of the bee through its breathing holes or spiracles in its thorax or midsection. Bees affected by this mite are unable to fly, have disjointed wings and distended abdomens. There is…

Acarnania, district of ancient Greece bounded by the Ionian Sea, the Ambracian Gulf, Mount Thyamus, and the Achelous River. Corinth founded several colonies on the coast of Acarnania in the 7th and 6th centuries bc. Originally a tribal unit, Acarnania developed into a federal state with generals

fungus: Annotated classification: Order Acarosporales Forms lichens; asci unitunicate and lecanoralean (resembling asci of the genus Lecanora), with nonamyloid or slightly amyloid inner ascus apex (tholus); included in subclass Acarosporomycetidae; example genera include Acarospora, Pleopsidium, and Sarcogyne. Order Lecanorales Forms

Ātmārāmjī , important Jain reformer and revivalist monk. He was born a Hindu but as a child came under the influence of Sthānakavāsī Jain monks and was initiated as a Sthānakavāsī monk in 1854. He was renowned for his prodigious memory and intellectual skills. He pursued an independent study of

Hemachandra was a teacher of the Shvetambara (“White-Robed”) sect of Jainism who gained privileges for his religion from Siddharaja Jayasimha, one of the greatest kings of Gujarat. Eloquent and erudite, Hemachandra also succeeded in converting the next king, Kumarapala, thus firmly entrenching

Archean Eon: …oldest rocks are the 4-billion-year-old Acasta granitic gneisses in northwestern Canada, and a single relict zircon grain dated to 4.2 billion years ago was found within these gneisses. Other ancient sediments and lavas occur in the 3.85-billion-year-old Isua belt of western Greenland (which is similar to an accretionary wedge in…

acatalasia, rare hereditary metabolic disorder caused by a lack of the organic catalyst, or enzyme, called catalase. Although in acatalasia a deficiency of catalase activity is noted in many tissues of the body, including the red blood cells, bone marrow, liver, and skin, only about half of the

acatalasia, rare hereditary metabolic disorder caused by a lack of the organic catalyst, or enzyme, called catalase. Although in acatalasia a deficiency of catalase activity is noted in many tissues of the body, including the red blood cells, bone marrow, liver, and skin, only about half of the

catalexis and acatalexis: acatalexis, in prosody, an omission or incompleteness in the last foot of a line or other unit in metrical verse and, conversely, the metrical completeness of such a unit.

history of the blind: The organization of the blind in the United States: In 1961 the American Council of the Blind (ACB) was established by former members of the NFB who disagreed with the direction and leadership of that organization. The ACB publishes the Braille Forum.

bridge: Bridge tournaments: …a new, consolidated association, the American Contract Bridge League (ACBL). Its membership grew from 9,000 in 1940 to more than 160,000 by the 21st century.

Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC), American collegiate athletic organization formed in 1953 as an offshoot of the Southern Conference. Member schools are Boston College (joined 2005), the University of California, Berkeley (joined 2024), Clemson University, Duke University, Florida State University

Antarctic Circumpolar Current, wind-driven surface oceanic current encircling Antarctica and flowing from west to east. Affected by adjacent landmasses, submarine topography, and prevailing winds, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current is irregular in width and course. Its motion is further complicated

New Zealand: Health and welfare: …the establishment of the government-run Accident Compensation Corporation, to which all New Zealanders must pay premiums and which handles claims. The cost of accident compensation is high, which leads to occasional political debate as to the best method of handling the risk of accident.