Acanthuroidei

The Acanthuroidei, commonly known as surgeonfishes, are a suborder of marine fish belonging to the order Perciformes. This group includes approximately 75 species, characterized by their deep, compressed bodies, small scales, and a distinctive, sharp spine on each side of the tail base, which can inflict deep cuts. These spines are often compared to a surgeon's scalpel.123

Surgeonfishes are primarily herbivores, feeding on algae. They undergo a transformation from a transparent larval stage called an acronurus. While their maximum length typically does not exceed 50 cm (20 inches), they exhibit a variety of colors and forms. Notable species include the yellow tang (Zebrasoma flavescens) and the blue tang (Acanthurus coeruleus). The family Acanthuridae, which encompasses these fish, is characterized by these unique tail spines and incisor-like teeth.13