Politics & Political Systems, CON-DIA
Monarchies, republics, democracies, dictatorships, and hybrids of every kind all offer ways of organizing power. Explore the systems and ideas through which societies govern themselves.
Politics & Political Systems Encyclopedia Articles By Title
consejo real
consejo real, medieval Spanish advisory council consisting of nobles and church prelates. Initially created at......
consent
consent, in ethics and political philosophy, an act of permitting something to be done or of recognizing some authority.......
conservatism
conservatism, political doctrine that emphasizes the value of traditional institutions and practices. Conservatism......
- Introduction
- Traditionalism, Hierarchy, Authority
- Traditionalism, Hierarchy, Authority
- 19th Century, Ideology, Burke
- Nationalism, Tradition, Ideology
- Ideology, Politics, Principles
- British Politics, Tradition, Monarchy
- Traditionalism, Reactionary, Monarchism
- Japanese Tradition, Nationalism, Reforms
- US Politics, Ideology, Principles
- Legacy, Prospects, Ideology
Conservative Party
Conservative Party, in the United Kingdom, a political party whose guiding principles include the promotion of......
Conservative Party of Canada
Conservative Party of Canada, conservative Canadian political party. The party was formed in 2003 by the merger......
consociationalism
consociationalism, a stable democratic system in deeply divided societies that is based on power sharing between......
Constance, Council of
Council of Constance, (1414–18), 16th ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church. Following the election of......
constituency
constituency, basic electoral unit into which eligible electors are organized to elect representatives to a legislative......
Constituent Assembly
Constituent Assembly, popularly elected body that convened in 1918 in Petrograd (St. Petersburg) to write a constitution......
constitution
constitution, the body of doctrines and practices that form the fundamental organizing principle of a political......
Constitution of the United States of America
Constitution of the United States of America, the fundamental law of the U.S. federal system of government and......
constitutional engineering
constitutional engineering, process by which political actors devise higher law, which is usually—but not always—specified......
constitutional monarchy
constitutional monarchy, system of government in which a monarch (see monarchy) shares power with a constitutionally......
Constitutional Union Party
Constitutional Union Party, U.S. political party that sought in the pre-Civil War election of 1860 to rally support......
constitutionalism
constitutionalism, doctrine that a government’s authority is determined by a body of laws or constitution. Although......
consul
consul, in foreign service, a public officer who is commissioned by a state to reside in a foreign country for......
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB)
The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) is a U.S. government agency created in the wake of the 2007–08......
containment
containment, strategic foreign policy pursued by the United States beginning in the late 1940s in order to check......
Continental Congress
Continental Congress, in the period of the American Revolution, the body of delegates who spoke and acted collectively......
Contract with America
Contract with America, a document signed Sept. 27, 1994, on the Capitol steps in Washington, D.C., by members of......
Contratación, Casa de
Casa de Contratación, central trading house and procurement agency for Spain’s New World empire from the 16th to......
Convergence and Union
Convergence and Union, historical political party that supported greater autonomy for Catalonia within Spain. The......
Cooperative Threat Reduction
Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR), plan developed by U.S. Senators Sam Nunn (Democrat, Georgia) and Richard Lugar......
Copperhead
Copperhead, during the American Civil War, pejoratively, any citizen in the North who opposed the war policy and......
Cordeliers, Club of the
Club of the Cordeliers, one of the popular clubs of the French Revolution, founded in 1790 to prevent the abuse......
Cornwallis Code
Cornwallis Code, (1793), the enactment by which Lord Cornwallis, governor-general of India, gave legal form to......
corporatism
corporatism, the theory and practice of organizing society into “corporations” subordinate to the state. According......
Corsican National Liberation Front
Corsican National Liberation Front, largest and most violent of a number of Corsican nationalist movements. It......
cosmopolitanism
cosmopolitanism, in international relations, school of thought in which the essence of international society is......
Council of Economic Advisers
Council of Economic Advisers, advisory body within the executive branch of the United States government comprising......
council of governments
council of governments (COG), in the United States, type of regional planning body that exists throughout the country.......
Council of Guardians
Council of Guardians, in Iranian government, a council empowered to vet legislation and oversee elections. The......
Counter-Reformation
Counter-Reformation, in the history of Christianity, the Roman Catholic efforts directed in the 16th and early......
counterespionage
counterespionage, espionage directed toward detecting and thwarting enemy espionage. See intelligence (in government...
countervalue targeting
countervalue targeting, in nuclear strategy, the targeting of an enemy’s cities and civilian population with nuclear......
county
county, internal territorial and administrative division in the United Kingdom, United States, and other English-speaking......
coup d’état
coup d’état, the sudden, violent overthrow of an existing government by a small group. The chief prerequisite for......
crisis management
crisis management, in government, the processes, strategies, and techniques used to prevent, mitigate, and terminate......
Croatian Peasant Party
Croatian Peasant Party, dominant political party in Croatia during the first half of the 20th century. Founded......
Croix de Feu
Croix de Feu, French political movement (1927–36). Originally an organization of World War I veterans, it espoused......
Culper Spy Ring
Culper Spy Ring, American intelligence organization that was put together and managed by Maj. Benjamin Tallmadge......
Cultural Revolution
Cultural Revolution, upheaval launched by Chinese Communist Party Chairman Mao Zedong during his last decade in......
Culture System
Culture System, revenue system in the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia) that forced farmers to pay revenue to the treasury......
customs union
customs union, a trade agreement by which a group of countries charges a common set of tariffs to the rest of the......
DACA
DACA, U.S. federal government policy established in 2012 through executive action by Pres. Barack Obama that allowed......
Dajōkan
Dajōkan, council of state of the Japanese imperial government during the Nara and Heian periods (710–857). Following......
Dark Enlightenment
Dark Enlightenment, intellectual and political movement that began as a reaction against Enlightenment ideas of......
dazibao
dazibao, in the People’s Republic of China (PRC), prominently displayed handwritten posters containing complaints......
de-Stalinization
de-Stalinization, political reform launched at the 20th Party Congress (February 1956) by Soviet Communist Party......
Declaratory Act
Declaratory Act, (1766), declaration by the British Parliament that accompanied the repeal of the Stamp Act. It......
decolonization
decolonization, process by which colonies become independent of the colonizing country. Decolonization was gradual......
Decolonization of Africa
By the early 20th century about 90 percent of African territory had been incorporated into one European empire......
Defenestration: Prague’s History of Literally Throwing Authority Out the Window
Prague, the capital of the Czech Republic, is famous for its rich heritage and variety of architectural styles.......
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), U.S. government agency created in 1958 to facilitate research......
Defense Intelligence Agency
Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), the primary gatherer and producer of military intelligence in the United States.......
Defense of Rights, Associations for the
Associations for the Defense of Rights, patriotic league formed in Anatolia and in Thrace in 1918, after the defeat......
Defense Threat Reduction Agency
Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA), agency within the United States Department of Defense charged with protecting......
Defense, U.S. Department of
U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), executive division of the U.S. federal government responsible for ensuring national......
deficit financing
deficit financing, practice in which a government spends more money than it receives as revenue, the difference......
Delian League
Delian League, confederacy of ancient Greek states under the leadership of Athens, with headquarters at Delos,......
deliberative democracy
deliberative democracy, school of thought in political theory that claims that political decisions should be the......
deme
deme, in ancient Greece, country district or village, as distinct from a polis, or city-state. Dēmos also meant......
democracy
democracy, literally, rule by the people. The term is derived from the Greek dēmokratia, which was coined from......
- Introduction
- Institutions, Representation, Participation
- Roman Republic, Representation, Equality
- England, Parliament, Representation
- Representation, Equality, Participation
- Factions, Parties, Politics
- Expansion, 20th Century, Global
- Theory, Principles, Practice
- Legitimacy, Representation, Participation
- Rousseau, Representation, Equality
- Representation, Equality, Participation
- Equality, Representation, Participation
Democratic Action
Democratic Action (AD), social-democratic political party of Venezuela. Democratic Action was founded in 1936–37......
Democratic Alliance
Democratic Alliance (DA), South African political party formed in 2000 through the merger of the Democratic Party,......
democratic centralism
democratic centralism, decision-making practice and disciplinary policy adopted by the Communist Party of the Soviet......
Democratic Centralist
Democratic Centralist, in the history of the Soviet Union, member of an opposition group within the Communist Party......
Democratic Constitutional Rally
Democratic Constitutional Rally (RCD), Tunisian political party that led the movement for independence from France......
democratic deficit
democratic deficit, an insufficient level of democracy in political institutions and procedures in comparison with......
Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine
Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP), one of several organizations associated with the Palestine......
Democratic Left
Democratic Left (DL), short-lived socialist party, organized in both Northern Ireland and the Irish republic, that......
Democratic National Committee
The Democratic National Committee (DNC) is the official governing body of the U.S. Democratic Party. Its activities......
Democratic National Convention
Democratic National Convention (DNC), quadrennial meeting of the U.S. Democratic Party, at which delegates select......
Democratic Party
Democratic Party, in the United States, one of the two major political parties, the other being the Republican......
Democratic Party
Democratic Party (DP), South African political party established in 1989 by the merger of the Progressive Federal......
Democratic Party of Japan
Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ), centrist Japanese political party that was founded in 1996 to challenge the long-dominant......
Democratic Party of Korea
Democratic Party of Korea (DP), centrist-liberal political party in South Korea. The party supports greater human......
democratic peace
democratic peace, the proposition that democratic states never (or almost never) wage war on one another. The concept......
Democratic Progressive Party
Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), political party in Taiwan (the Republic of China [ROC]). It was formed in September......
democratic socialism
Democratic socialism is a political ideology that supports the establishment of a democratically run and decentralized......
Democratic Socialist Party
Democratic Socialist Party, former Japanese political party that was formed in 1960 by moderate socialists who......
Democratic Socialists of America
The Democratic Socialists of America (DSA) is a political organization of left-wing activists in the United States.......
Democratic Unionist Party
Democratic Unionist Party (DUP), unionist political party in Northern Ireland. The DUP was cofounded by Ian Paisley,......
Democratic-Republican Party
Democratic-Republican Party, first opposition political party in the United States. Organized in 1792 as the Republican......
democratization
democratization, process through which a political regime becomes democratic. The explosive spread of democracy......
Democrats of the Left
Democrats of the Left, former Italian political party and historically western Europe’s largest communist party.......
Demonetization through the years: A history of making money worthless
Most paper money today is fiat currency, meaning it has value because users have faith in the government backing......
Department of Government Efficiency
Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE), U.S. federal department that was formerly called the United States......
Department of Health, U.K.
U.K. Department of Health (DH), branch of the government of the United Kingdom concerned with the maintenance of......
dependency
dependency, a territory under the jurisdiction of a state but not formally annexed by it. A state may control some......
Dependency theory
Dependency theory is an approach to understanding economic underdevelopment that emphasizes the constraints imposed......
Descamisado
Descamisado, (Spanish: “shirtless one”), in Argentine history, during the regime of Juan Perón (ruled 1946–55,......
Destour
Destour, Tunisian political party, especially active in the 1920s and ’30s in arousing Tunisian national consciousness......
deterrence
deterrence, military strategy under which one power uses the threat of reprisal effectively to preclude an attack......
Deuteronomic Reform
Deuteronomic Reform, great religious reformation instituted in the reign of King Josiah of Judah (c. 640–609 bc).......
development theory
development theory, cluster of research and theories on economic and political development. The use of the term......
devolution
devolution, the transfer of power from a central government to subnational (e.g., state, regional, or local) authorities.......
DGI
DGI, the secret intelligence agency of Cuba. The agency was established with the help of the Soviet KGB in 1961,......
DGSE
DGSE, (“External Documentation and Counterespionage Service”), secret intelligence and counterintelligence service......
dialectical materialism
dialectical materialism, a philosophical approach to reality derived from the writings of Karl Marx and Friedrich......