Palestine: Fatah and other guerrilla organizations: …Liberation of Palestine (DFLP), the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine–General Command (PFLP–GC, a splinter group from the PFLP), and al-Ṣāʿiqah (backed by Syria). These groups joined forces inside the PLO despite their differences in ideology and tactics (some were dedicated to openly terrorist tactics). In 1969 Yasser Arafat,…

Palestine: Fatah and other guerrilla organizations: …Liberation of Palestine (DFLP), the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine–General Command (PFLP–GC, a splinter group from the PFLP), and al-Ṣāʿiqah (backed by Syria). These groups joined forces inside the PLO despite their differences in ideology and tactics (some were dedicated to openly terrorist tactics). In 1969 Yasser Arafat,…

Western architecture: The United States: …about 1930, Mayan pyramids inspired Timothy Pflueger in his work on the 450 Sutter building in San Francisco. Clifflike blocks arose in Chicago, the Daily News and Palmolive buildings (1929) being the best examples; New York City acquired a straightforward expression of tall vertical piers and setback cubical masses in…

physiology: Historical background: In 1868 Eduard Pflüger, professor at the Institute of Physiology at Bonn, founded the Archiv für die gesammte Physiologie, which became the most important journal of physiology in Germany.

bioceramics: Dental ceramics: …crowns and inlays—are made of porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) cermets. These consist of a cast metal substrate, a metal oxide adhesion layer, and several layers of porcelain. The porcelain hides the metal while providing translucency and colour. It must be thermally compatible with the metal to stand up to the multiple firing…

DuPont Company: …water in West Virginia of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA; also known as C8), which is known to cause developmental problems in laboratory animals. The company also faced litigation and an investigation by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in connection with that incident. In 2006 DuPont and seven other companies agreed…

Nazarene: …of them, Friedrich Overbeck, Franz Pforr, Ludwig Vogel, and Johann Konrad Hottinger, moved in 1810 to Rome, where they occupied the abandoned monastery of Sant’Isidoro. There they were joined by Peter von Cornelius, Wilhelm von Schadow, and others who at various times were associated with the movement. They soon acquired…

Pforzheim, city, Baden-Württemberg Land (state), southwestern Germany. It lies on the northern edge of the Black Forest (Schwarzwald), where the Nagold and Würm rivers join the Enz, northwest of Stuttgart. Originally the site of a Roman settlement (Porta Hercyniae), it was chartered about 1195. The

Progressive Federal Party (PFP), former South African political party established in 1977 in the merger of the Progressive Reform Party (founded 1975) and defectors from the United Party (founded 1934; see also New Republic Party). During the late 1970s and the 1980s it was the official opposition

African literature: Shona: Pfumo reropa (1961; “The Spear of Blood”) depicts the dangers of the misuse of power in traditional times: a chief, Ndyire, manipulates the traditional system to his own selfish advantage. This novel resembles the Nyanga epic Mwindo: a son of the chief, Tanganeropa, escapes his father’s murderous wrath…

spectral line series: …whereas the Paschen, Brackett, and Pfund series lie in the infrared. Their formulas are similar to Balmer’s except that the constant term is the reciprocal of the square of 1, 3, 4, or 5, instead of 2, and the running number n begins at 2, 4, 5, or 6, respectively,…

Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (PFUR), state institution of higher learning in Moscow, founded in 1960 as Peoples’ Friendship University “to give an education to people who had liberated themselves from colonialist oppression.” It was renamed Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University

Ludwig Pfyffer was a Swiss military leader, spokesman for Roman Catholic interests in the cantons, and probably the most important Swiss political figure in the latter half of the 16th century. For many years an active and intrepid warrior in the service of France, Pfyffer won fame by safely

carbohydrate: Role in the biosphere: …immediate phosphorous-containing product known as 3-phosphoglyceric acid is formed.

The Professional Golfers’ Association of America (PGA of America) is an organization formed in the United States in 1916 at the instigation of Rodman Wanamaker, a Philadelphia businessman, with the stated purpose of promoting interest in professional golf, elevating the standards of the game, and

major industrial polymers: Degradable polyesters: These include polyglycolic acid (PGA), polylactic acid (PLA), poly-2-hydroxy butyrate (PHB), and polycaprolactone (PCL), as well as their copolymers:

golf: British tournaments and players: …for the formation of the Professional Golfers Association in 1901. This body is responsible for professional tournaments in Great Britain and for the biennial Ryder Cup match (for professionals) when it is played there.

PGA Championship, one of the world’s four major golf tournaments (along with the Masters Tournament, the U.S. Open, and the British Open [officially the Open Championship]). Run by the Professional Golfers’ Association of America (PGA of America), it is a major media event played on a different

The Professional Golfers’ Association of America (PGA of America) is an organization formed in the United States in 1916 at the instigation of Rodman Wanamaker, a Philadelphia businessman, with the stated purpose of promoting interest in professional golf, elevating the standards of the game, and

preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), the testing of embryos produced through in vitro fertilization (IVF) for genetic defects, in which testing is carried out prior to the implantation of the fertilized egg within the uterus. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) also may be performed on eggs

prostaglandin: Vasodilation and blood clotting: Thromboxanes and prostacyclins play an important role in the formation of blood clots. The process of clot formation begins with an aggregation of blood platelets. This process is strongly stimulated by thromboxanes and inhibited by prostacyclin. Prostacyclin is synthesized in the walls of blood vessels and serves…

Mongolia: Constitutional framework: …national assembly was renamed the People’s Great Khural, and its structure and activity were brought closer to those of the Supreme Soviet model in the Soviet Union.

metabolism: Formation of lipids: …[85b]), or 3-phosphatidyl-glycerol 1′-phosphate (PGP; in [85c]). These reactions differ from those of polysaccharide biosynthesis ([79], [82]) in that phosphate is retained in the phospholipid, and the nucleotide product (CMP) is therefore a nucleoside monophosphate rather than the diphosphate. These compounds can react further: phosphatidylserine to give, sequentially, phosphatidylethanolamine…

psychogalvanic reflex (PGR), a change in the electrical properties of the body (probably of the skin) following noxious stimulation, stimulation that produces emotional reaction, and, to some extent, stimulation that attracts the subject’s attention and leads to an aroused alertness. The response

rocket and missile system: Maneuverable warheads: Another technology, precision-guided warheads, or PGRVs, would actively seek a target, then, using flight controls, actually “fly out” reentry errors. This could yield such accuracy that nuclear warheads could be replaced by conventional explosives.

pH, quantitative measure of the acidity or basicity of aqueous or other liquid solutions. The term, widely used in chemistry, biology, and agronomy, translates the values of the concentration of the hydrogen ion—which ordinarily ranges between about 1 and 10−14 gram-equivalents per liter—into

blood disease: Leukemia: …abnormality of this type, the Philadelphia chromosome, occurs in almost all cases of chronic myelogenous leukemia. The chromosomal aberrations affect genes that influence vital aspects of cell growth and function. These genes, the oncogenes, may themselves be mutated or their regulation may be abnormal. The entire process, beginning with the…

pH meter, electric device used to measure hydrogen-ion activity (acidity or alkalinity) in solution. Fundamentally, a pH meter consists of a voltmeter attached to a pH-responsive electrode and a reference (unvarying) electrode. The pH-responsive electrode is usually glass, and the reference is

Earth impact hazard: Determining the hazard potential of an NEO: …the object is called a potentially hazardous asteroid (PHA). As of 2019 there were about 2,000 identified PHAs. Observations of PHAs are continued until their orbits are refined to the point where their future positions can be reliably predicted.

Sri Indraditya: …joined with another Tai leader, Pha Muang, to rebel against the governor of Sukhothai, who was a deputy of the Khmer kings of Angkor. The two seized nearby Sawankhalok, and Bang Klang Hao defeated the Khmer governor in personal combat before Sukhothai. Pha Muang then conferred his own royal Khmer…

Vientiane: Vientiane’s outstanding building is the That Luang, a stupa (temple), dating from about 1566 and restored by Lao civil servants under Prince Phetsarath during the French colonial period. Pop. (2003 est.) city, 194,200; (2005 est.) urban agglom., 702,000.

Buddhism: Kings and yogis: …evil spirits of Tibet, and Pha-dam-pa Sangs-rgyas (died 1117), a Brahman of South India who became a Buddhist and visited Tibet and possibly China in the 11th century. Doubtless historical, Pha-dam-pa Sangs-rgyas passed out of history into myth with his fantastic powers and equally fantastic longevity. Better known in Europe…

Tibet: Plant and animal life: …monkeys), lynx, jackals, wild buffaloes, pha-ra (small members of the jackal family), and gsa’s (spotted cats that are smaller than leopards). In the high grasslands and dry bush areas there are brown bears, wild and bighorn sheep, mountain antelope, musk deer, wild asses, wild yaks, snakes, scorpions, lizards, and dre-tse…

Suni Lee is an American gymnast who won three medals at the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo (delayed until 2021 because of the COVID-19 pandemic). Lee captured the individual all-around gold medal, becoming the fifth consecutive American woman to claim the sport’s most coveted prize. She also earned

Phacelia, genus of 150 species of white to blue or purple-flowering annual herbs, native to North America and Andean South America and including several species of garden flowers. It belongs to the family Boraginaceae. Phacelia campanularia, native to dry slopes of southern California, bears blue,

Phacelia: Phacelia campanularia, native to dry slopes of southern California, bears blue, five-lobed blooms in loose sprays over the dark green, toothed, oval leaves on plants about 23 cm (9 inches) tall. From similar areas the closely related California bluebell, or wild Canterbury bell (P. whitlavia),…

Phacelia: …similar areas the closely related California bluebell, or wild Canterbury bell (P. whitlavia), has urn-shaped blooms.

passeriform: Nesting: The thorn birds (Phacellodomus), as well as many other Furnariidae, build huge nests of twigs suspended from the ends of tree branches; these nests, which may be more than 2 metres (nearly 7 feet) long and contain many compartments, are used by only a single nesting…

warthog, (Phacochoerus aethiopicus), member of the pig family, Suidae (order Artiodactyla), found in open and lightly forested areas of Africa. The warthog is a sparsely haired, large-headed, blackish or brown animal standing about 76 centimetres (30 inches) at the shoulder. It has a coarse mane

Phacops, genus of trilobites (an extinct group of aquatic arthropods) found as fossils in Silurian and Devonian rocks (between about 359 million and 444 million years old) in Europe and North America. Phacops is a common and easily recognizable form, with its rounded rather than angular outline,

Moses Mendelssohn: His most celebrated work, Phädon, oder über die Unsterblichkeit der Seele (1767; “Phaedo, or on the Immortality of the Soul”), defended the immortality of the soul against the materialism prevalent in his day; his title reflects his respect for Plato’s Phaedo.

Phaedo was a philosopher, founder of a Socratic school of philosophy at Elis on the Peloponnese, and author of works on dialectics and ethics. (Read Peter Singer’s Britannica entry on ethics.) Born of an aristocratic family, Phaedo was made a prisoner in the war with Sparta (400–399 bc) and was

empiricism: Ancient and medieval philosophy: In his dialogue the Phaedo, Plato expounded a theory of literally innate ideas; humans, for example, have a conception of exact Equality, which, since it could not have been supplied by the senses, must have been acquired by the soul before it was embodied (see also reincarnation).

Phaedo was a philosopher, founder of a Socratic school of philosophy at Elis on the Peloponnese, and author of works on dialectics and ethics. (Read Peter Singer’s Britannica entry on ethics.) Born of an aristocratic family, Phaedo was made a prisoner in the war with Sparta (400–399 bc) and was

Jules Dassin: Blacklist and exile: Dassin directed Mercouri again in Phaedra (1962), in which she starred as the wife of a shipping magnate who has an affair with her stepson (Anthony Perkins). She was also in Topkapi (1964), a classic caper flick (based on an Eric Ambler novel) about the theft of an emerald-studded dagger…

Hippolytus: Theseus’ queen, Phaedra, fell in love with Hippolytus. When Phaedra’s passion was revealed to him, he reacted with such revulsion that she killed herself, leaving a note accusing Hippolytus of having tried to rape her. Theseus, refusing to believe Hippolytus’ protestations of innocence, banished him and called…

Sarah Kane: Plays: tragedian Seneca’s Phaedra, titled Phaedra’s Love (1996). Although, as in the original, the play revolves around Phaedra’s obsessive love for her stepson, Hippolytus, Kane’s retelling shifts the focus to the son. Unlike the mythical prince, traditionally portrayed as noble and virtuous, the modern version of Hippolytus in Phaedra’s Love…

Plato: Dialectic: The Phaedrus calls the dialectician the person who can specify these relations—and thereby “carve reality at the joints.” Continuity among all the kinds of dialectic in Plato comes from the fact that the genus-species divisions of the late works are a way of providing the accounts…

Phaedrus was a Roman fabulist, the first writer to Latinize whole books of fables, producing free versions in iambic metre of Greek prose fables then circulating under the name of Aesop. A slave by birth, Phaedrus went to Italy early in life, became a freedman in the emperor Augustus’ household,

Phanias was a Greek philosopher of Eresus on the island of Lesbos, a pupil of Aristotle and a friend of Theophrastus, whom he joined in the Peripatetic school. Phanias is mentioned as the author of works on logic, in which he probably followed Aristotle’s doctrine. He also wrote, as Theophrastus

seed plant, any of the more than 300,000 species of seed-bearing vascular plants. Although the taxonomic division Spermatophyta is no longer accepted, the term spermatophyte is used to refer collectively to the angiosperms (flowering plants) and gymnosperms (conifers, cycads, and allies). See also

Euclid: Other writings: …treatise on perspective, and the Phaenomena, an introduction to mathematical astronomy. Those works are part of a corpus known as “the Little Astronomy” that also includes the Moving Sphere by Autolycus of Pitane.

astronomical map: The constellations and other sky divisions: …constellations is contained in the Phaenomena of Aratus, a poet of the 3rd century bce, who described 43 constellations and named five individual stars. Cicero recorded that

Eudoxus of Cnidus: Astronomer: In two works, Phaenomena and Mirror, Eudoxus described constellations schematically, the phases of fixed stars (the dates when they are visible), and the weather associated with different phases. Through a poem of Aratus (c. 315–245 bce) and the commentary on the poem by the astronomer Hipparchus (c. 100…

Caudata: Locomotion: Elongated species of the genera Phaeognathus, Batrachoseps, Oedipina, and Lineatriton have reduced limbs and rely mainly on body movements for rapid locomotion. Species of the genus Aneides have arboreal (tree-dwelling) tendencies, and their long legs and digits, expanded toe tips, and prehensile (grasping) tails make them effective

melanocyte: … and pale red or yellowish phaeomelanin. Both are formed within the melanocytes by the initial oxidation of the amino acid tyrosine with the aid of the enzyme tyrosinase; subsequently their synthetic pathways diverge.

brown algae, (class Phaeophyceae), class of about 1,500 species of algae in the division Chromophyta, common in cold waters along continental coasts. Species colour varies from dark brown to olive green, depending upon the proportion of brown pigment (fucoxanthin) to green pigment (chlorophyll).

protozoan: Annotated classification: Phaeothamniophyceae Filamentous, coccoid, capsoid, or palmelloid. Chloroplasts possess girdle lamella; chloroplast endoplasmic reticulum has a direct membrane connection to the nuclear envelope; plastid DNA has a ring-type genophore. Eyespots present. Flagellated cells have 2 flagella, the anteriorly directed flagellum with tripartite hairs. Pinguiochrysidales

Phaeozem, one of the 30 soil groups in the classification system of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Phaeozems are characterized by a humus-rich surface layer covered in the natural state with abundant grass or deciduous forest vegetation. They are highly arable soils and are used for

Phaestus, ancient city on the western end of the southern plain of Crete, about 3.5 miles (5.6 km) from the sea. The site was occupied from the 4th millennium bce, and its importance grew in the Early and Middle Bronze ages (c. 3000–c. 1600 bce). In the latter period, its palace was first built and

Phaestus, ancient city on the western end of the southern plain of Crete, about 3.5 miles (5.6 km) from the sea. The site was occupied from the 4th millennium bce, and its importance grew in the Early and Middle Bronze ages (c. 3000–c. 1600 bce). In the latter period, its palace was first built and

meteor and meteoroid: Meteor showers: …among the asteroids and named Phaethon. Most researchers believe Phaethon is the burned-out remnant of a once-active comet, but its nature may only be established with observations by spacecraft. For additional information about Phaethon, see asteroid: Asteroids in unusual orbits.

Phaethon, in Greek mythology, the son of Helios, the sun god, and a woman or nymph variously identified as Clymene, Prote, or Rhode. The most influential extant version of the story, found in Ovid’s Metamorphosis, Books I–II, seems to echo the plot of Euripides’s Phaethon, now partially known from

tropic bird: …the three species is the red-tailed tropic bird, Phaethon rubricauda (to 50 cm [20 inches], excepting the red streamers), of the Indian and Pacific oceans.

pelecaniform: Annotated classification: Suborder Phaethontes Family Phaethontidae (tropic birds) Medium sized (16–19 inches or 40–48 cm long). Plumage satiny white with black markings; central 2 tail feathers much elongated in adult. Sexes similar. Bill laterally compressed, slightly decurved, and with undivided horny sheath (rhamphotheca). Nostrils open in slits;

tropic bird, any member of three seabird species that constitute the family Phaethontidae (order Pelecaniformes or Phaethontiformes). Tropic birds are characterized by pairs of streaming central tail feathers, which may be as long as the bird’s body. Sailors call them marlin-spikes and bosun birds.

hermit, any of several hummingbird species of the genus Phaethornis. See

phaeton, open, four-wheeled, doorless carriage, popular in the 18th and 19th centuries. It contained one or two seats, usually had a folding, or falling, top, and was owner-driven (i.e., it had no outside driver’s seat). The most spectacular phaeton was the English four-wheeled high-flyer, the body

Japan: The growth of the northern problem: In 1808 the English warship Phaeton made an incursion on Nagasaki, and three years later the Russian naval lieutenant V.M. Golovnin landed on Kunashiri Island, where he was arrested by bakufu authorities. When these various incidents were resolved, peace continued for a time in the northern regions; the bakufu relaxed…

Phag-mo-gru family, Tibetan family that in the 14th century liberated Tibet from Mongol control. The Phag-mo-gru had begun to extend its power over the surrounding countryside in the 13th century at a time when the country was being governed by a series of lamas from the Sa-skya monastery, residing

Leo Frank: …1913 for the murder of Mary Phagan resulted in his lynching. His trial and death shaped the nascent Anti-Defamation League (ADL) and spurred the first resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK). Frank was pardoned in 1986.

bacteriophage, any of a group of viruses that infect bacteria. Bacteriophages were discovered independently by Frederick W. Twort in Great Britain (1915) and Félix d’Hérelle in France (1917). D’Hérelle coined the term bacteriophage, meaning “bacteria eater,” to describe the agent’s bacteriocidal

bacteriophage: Role in laboratory research: … developed a technology known as phage display, which allowed for the generation of engineered proteins. Such proteins were produced by fusing foreign or engineered DNA fragments into phage gene III. Gene III encodes a protein expressed on the phage virion surface. Thus, gene III fusion proteins taken up by phages…

bacteriophage: Phage therapy: Phage therapy initially was not successful. After the discovery of antibiotics in the 1940s, it was virtually abandoned in many places, with the exception of eastern Europe, where it became widely used. In the early 21st century, with the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the therapeutic…

phagocyte, type of cell that has the ability to ingest, and sometimes digest, foreign particles, such as bacteria, carbon, dust, or dye. It engulfs foreign bodies by extending its cytoplasm into pseudopods (cytoplasmic extensions like feet), surrounding the foreign particle and forming a vacuole.

phagocytosis, process by which cells known as phagocytes ingest or engulf other cells or particles. The phagocyte may be a free-living single-celled organism, such as an amoeba, or one of the body cells, such as a white blood cell. In some forms of animal life, such as amoebas and sponges,

phagocytosis: Particle engulfment and digestion: …a membrane-bound vacuole called a phagosome. The phagocyte digests the ingested particle with hydrolytic enzymes, which are contained within membrane-enclosed sacs called lysosomes found within the cell. Phagocytic enzymes are secreted into the vacuole in which digestion takes place. Small organic components of the particle are used to build larger…

chemoreception: Food additives: Sugars are phagostimulants; however, sugars and especially complex carbohydrates (e.g., starch), from which simple sugars may be derived in the oral cavity, are a source of fats, the primary storage form of carbohydrates. The accumulation of these fats can lead to obesity. As a result, humans have…

digestion: Ingestion: …a method of feeding called phagotrophic nutrition. Many protozoans also are osmotrophic to a lesser degree. Some organisms, such as amoebas, have pseudopodia (“false feet”) that flow around the food particle until it is completely enclosed in a membrane-bounded chamber called a food vacuole; this process is called phagocytosis.

digestion: Ingestion: …a method of feeding called phagotrophic nutrition. Many protozoans also are osmotrophic to a lesser degree. Some organisms, such as amoebas, have pseudopodia (“false feet”) that flow around the food particle until it is completely enclosed in a membrane-bounded chamber called a food vacuole; this process is called phagocytosis.

’Phags-pa was a Tibetan scholar-monk who set up a Buddhist theocracy in Tibet. ’Phags-pa was a member of the Sa-skya-pa school of Buddhism, which was based at the Sa-skya monastery and which was noted for its emphasis on scholarship. After the Mongols had established suzerainty over his country,

lokapāla: …Buddhist lokapālas are Dhṛtarāṣṭra (east), Virūḍhaka (south), and Virūpākṣa (west).

Madhubala: Rising popularity and stardom: …poor itinerants in the dramedy Phagun (1958; “Spring”), popular for its songs and with Bharat Bhushan as the male lead; a fearless reporter in the thriller Kala Pani (1958; “Life Sentence”), costarring Dev Anand; an independent, modern woman in the comedy Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi (1958; “That Which Runs Is…

Phanias was a Greek philosopher of Eresus on the island of Lesbos, a pupil of Aristotle and a friend of Theophrastus, whom he joined in the Peripatetic school. Phanias is mentioned as the author of works on logic, in which he probably followed Aristotle’s doctrine. He also wrote, as Theophrastus

constellation: Mesopotamia and ancient Greece: …is certain knowledge, is the Phainomena of Eudoxus of Cnidus (4th century bce). The original is lost, but a versification by the poet Aratus (3rd century bce) is extant, as is a commentary by Hipparchus (mid-2nd century bce). Analysis of the stellar positions and the rising and

silky flycatcher: …known of the group, the phainopepla (Phainopepla nitens), the male is black and the female gray; both parents incubate the dark-spotted pale gray eggs and help care for the young. Ptilogonys species are gray with yellow sides, and the black-and-yellow silky flycatcher (Phainoptila melanoxantha) is similar, but the male has…

silky flycatcher: …known of the group, the phainopepla (Phainopepla nitens), the male is black and the female gray; both parents incubate the dark-spotted pale gray eggs and help care for the young. Ptilogonys species are gray with yellow sides, and the black-and-yellow silky flycatcher (Phainoptila melanoxantha) is similar, but the male has…

In 1993 singer-songwriter and guitarist Liz Phair released her debut album, Exile in Guyville. With her blunt, emotionally honest, and often sexually explicit lyrics, unconventional guitar chords, and atypical pop-music structure, Phair became an alternative-rock sensation. Moreover, Exile in

In 1993 singer-songwriter and guitarist Liz Phair released her debut album, Exile in Guyville. With her blunt, emotionally honest, and often sexually explicit lyrics, unconventional guitar chords, and atypical pop-music structure, Phair became an alternative-rock sensation. Moreover, Exile in

Phaestus, ancient city on the western end of the southern plain of Crete, about 3.5 miles (5.6 km) from the sea. The site was occupied from the 4th millennium bce, and its importance grew in the Early and Middle Bronze ages (c. 3000–c. 1600 bce). In the latter period, its palace was first built and

boxing: Africa: …win a world championship was Louis Phal (better known as “Battling Siki”) of Senegal, who knocked out Georges Carpentier in Paris in 1922 to capture the world light-heavyweight crown. Six months later Siki lost his title on a controversial decision to Mike McTigue, an Irishman, in Dublin on St. Patrick’s…

phala, in Indian philosophy, the fruit or consequence of a particular action (karma). The widely held conviction among Indian philosophers that this life is but one in a chain of lives and that social class and personal character are the result of deeds in a previous life underlies the significance

Phalaborwa, mining town, Limpopo province, South Africa, located east of the Drakensberg mountains and north of the Olifants River near Kruger National Park. It is built on top of an old black African mining centre of iron and copper ore; traces of their workings and clay smelting ovens have been

Coleoptera: Annotated classification: Family Phalacridae (shining flower beetles) Larvae develop in certain flower heads (e.g., goldenrod), about 500 species; widely distributed; example Olibrus. Family Propalticidae About 20 species in Old World warm regions. Family Protocucujidae 2 species; Chile

cormorant, any member of about 26 to 30 species of water birds constituting the family Phalacrocoracidae (order Pelecaniformes or Suliformes). In the Orient and elsewhere these glossy black underwater swimmers have been tamed for fishing. Cormorants dive for and feed mainly on fish of little value

pelecaniform: Survival and mortality: In the European shag (P. aristotelis), more than half the young die during this period, although among adults annual mortality is only about 15 percent in males and 20 percent in females. In the British population of the gannet, about 80 percent of the fledglings die before…

cormorant: It and the slightly smaller Japanese cormorant, P. capillatus, are the species trained for fishing. The most important guano producers are the Peruvian cormorant, or guanay, P. bougainvillii, and the Cape cormorant, P. capensis, of coastal southern Africa.

cormorant: …the common, or great, cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo; white-cheeked, and up to 100 cm (40 inches) long, it breeds from eastern Canada to Iceland, across Eurasia to Australia and New Zealand, and in parts of Africa. It and the slightly smaller Japanese cormorant, P. capillatus, are the species

moth orchid, (genus Phalaenopsis), genus of about 60 species of orchids (family Orchidaceae), native to southeastern Asia and part of Australia. Some species are cultivated for the commercial flower trade and are crossed to produce hybrids with beautiful white, purple, and pink flowers. Many of the

poorwill, (species Phalaenoptilus nuttallii), nocturnal bird of North America belonging to the nightjar family (Caprimulgidae). The poorwill, named for its call, is about 20 cm (8 inches) long and has mottled gray plumage, a short tail with a bit of white at the corners, and a narrow bib, white in