minimum viable population: MVP and species management: …MVP is that for the northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina), which is found in the coniferous and mixed-hardwood forests of the northwestern United States and of British Columbia. The owl depends on old-growth trees with hollows for nesting sites, but heavy logging in the region during the 1970s and…

Northern Michigan University, public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Marquette, Upper Peninsula of Michigan, U.S. It comprises the Walter L. Cisler College of Business and colleges of arts and sciences; graduate studies; and professional studies, including education, nursing, and

Song dynasty: The last of the Northern Song emperors was himself perhaps the most noteworthy artist and art collector in the country. His capital at Kaifeng was a city of beauty, abounding in palaces, temples, and tall pagodas when, in 1126, the Juchen burned it. The architecture of the Song era…

New England Range, section of the Eastern Highlands, or Great Dividing Range, northeastern New South Wales, Australia. The range extends 200 mi (320 km) north from the Moonbi Range (near Tamworth) to the Queensland border and 80 mi from east to west (10–50 mi inland from the coast). It is

Tai languages: The distribution and classification of Tai languages: Southwestern, the Central, and the Northern. Thai and Lao, the official languages of Thailand and Laos, respectively, are the best known of the languages.

Tunisia: Relief: …and the mountains of the Northern Tell—which include the sandstone ridges of the Kroumirie Mountains in the northwest that reach elevations of 3,000 feet (900 metres)—and the Mogods, a mountain range running along the deeply indented coastline to the north, lies the Majardah (Medjerda) River valley, formed by a series…

Tepehuan: …Tepehuan are divided into the Northern Tepehuan, of Chihuahua, and the Southern Tepehuan, of Durango. Both speak dialects of the same language, Tepehuan, a Uto-Aztecan language that is most closely related to Piman.

Northern Territory, self-governing territory of Australia, occupying the central section of the northern part of the continent. The Northern Territory is bounded by the Timor and Arafura seas to the north and by Western Australia to the west, Queensland and the Gulf of Carpentaria to the east, and

Northern Territory: Administrative framework: The Northern Territory (Self-Government) Act of 1978 established the Northern Territory as a self-governing entity. Under this act the Commonwealth of Australia transferred most of its governing powers to the territory. The government of the territory, which is seated in Darwin, is similar to that of…

Northern Territory: The Northern Territory under Commonwealth administration: In 1922 the Northern Territory Representation Act provided for a single representative, bereft of voting powers, in the federal parliament. The Great Depression of the 1930s hit the territory severely. In 1933 the federal government, desperate to find some means of developing the area, offered much of it…

Local symbols developed somewhat slowly in the Northern Territory. The Sturt’s desert rose, which became the territorial floral emblem on July 12, 1961, recalls in its general shape the Commonwealth Star on the Australian national flag. The territorial colours—ochre-red, black, and white—were

woodpecker: …up the genus Picoides: the northern three-toe (P. tridactylus), which ranges across the subarctic Northern Hemisphere and south in some mountains, and the black-backed three-toe (P. arcticus), found across forested central Canada.

Heathenry, a modern Pagan, or Neo-Pagan, religion. Its followers, Heathens, are inspired by the pre-Christian religions of Europe’s linguistically Germanic societies—most commonly those that spoke Old Norse. Heathens have assembled their new religion from a range of historical and archaeological

Australian funnel-web spider: Major genera and species: The northern tree-dwelling funnel-web spider (H. formidabilis; formerly Atrax formidabilis) is a medically significant member found in Queensland and New South Wales. Symptoms can occur within 15 to 20 minutes following a bite and include tachycardia, muscle spasms, nausea, vomiting, and pulmonary edema. As with the…

Rugby Football League, governing body of rugby league football (professional rugby) in England, founded in 1895. Originally called the Northern Rugby Football Union (popularly Northern Union), it was formed when 22 clubs from Yorkshire, Lancashire, and Cheshire left the Rugby Football Union over

Ural Mountains: Physiography: Farther south come the Northern Urals, which stretch for more than 340 miles (550 km) to thein the south; most mountains top 3,300 feet (1,000 metres), and the highest peak, Mount Telpos-Iz, rises to 5,305 feet (1,617 metres). Many of the summits are flattened, the remnants of ancient peneplains…

Severnye Uvaly, range of hills on the Russian Plain, western Russia. The hills form the watershed between the left-bank tributaries of the Volga River and of the Sukhona, Yug, Vychegda, and Pechora rivers. The hills run east-west for 375 miles (600 km), reach a maximum height of 965 feet (294 m),

China: Sino-Tibetan of China: …first of these is the northern variant, of which the Beijing dialect, or Beijing hua, is typical and which is spoken to the north of the Qin Mountains–Huai River line; as the most widespread Chinese tongue, it has officially been adopted as the basis for a national language. The second…

Viet-Muong languages: Northern Vietnamese, centred in Hanoi, is the basis for the official form of Vietnamese. Central Vietnamese, centred in Hue, and Southern Vietnamese, centred in Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon), differ from the Northern norm in having fewer tones and in modifying certain consonants. All three…

Battle of Gettysburg: Lee’s invasion of Pennsylvania: On June 28, when his Army of Northern Virginia was extended deep into Pennsylvania, Lee was out of touch with his cavalry under Stuart, which should have served as the eyes of the army.

walking stick: Major species: The North American species Diapheromera femorata may defoliate oak trees during heavy infestations.

First Northern War, (1655–60), final stage of the struggle over the Polish-Swedish succession. In 1655 the Swedish king Charles X Gustav declared war on Poland on the pretext that Poland’s John II Casimir Vasa had refused to acknowledge him; the real reason was Charles’s desire to aggrandize more

Second Northern War, (1700–21), military conflict in which Russia, Denmark-Norway, and Saxony-Poland challenged the supremacy of Sweden in the Baltic area. The war resulted in the decline of Swedish influence and the emergence of Russia as a major power in that region. Sweden’s expansion in the

water hemlock: In Europe northern water hemlock (Cicuta virosa) is the commonly known species; it is a tall perennial herb. The best-known species in North America is the common water hemlock (C. maculata), also known as cowbane or musquash root, which grows to about 2.5 metres (8 feet) tall.…

water snake: The northern water snake (N. sipedon), the most common species, inhabits the eastern half of the United States, southern Ontario, and southern Quebec. It is a moderately large snake that can reach lengths of 1 to 1.4 metres (3 to 4.5 feet). The body is coloured…

Wei dynasty, (386–534/535 ce), the longest-lived and most powerful of the northern Chinese dynasties that existed before the reunification of China under the Sui and Tang dynasties. The Wei dynasty was founded by Tabgatch (Tuoba) tribesmen who, like many of the nomads inhabiting the frontiers of

Northern Wei sculpture, Chinese sculpture, dating from the Northern Wei dynasty (386–534/535 ce) of the Six Dynasties, that represents the first major Buddhist influence on Chinese art. Produced in the northern territory that was occupied and ruled by foreign invaders and that was quick to respond

whelk: The common northern whelk (Buccinum undatum) has a stout pale shell about 8 cm (3 inches) long and is abundant in North Atlantic waters. For fulgur whelks, see conch; for rock whelks, see murex.

American arborvitae, (Thuja occidentalis), ornamental and timber evergreen conifer of the cypress family (Cupressaceae), native to eastern North America. In the lumber trade it is called, among other names, white cedar, eastern white cedar, and New Brunswick cedar. Often 20 m (65 feet) tall, the

northern white rhinoceros, (Ceratotherium simum cottoni), critically endangered subspecies of the white rhinoceros and the most endangered animal on Earth. The northern white rhinoceros formerly inhabited South Sudan and adjacent areas of Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, with its

wild rice: Species: …wild rice (Zizania aquatica) and northern wild rice (Z. palustris), are grown on a large scale in constructed paddies in Minnesota, Wisconsin, California, and parts of Canada. These cultivated plants have been bred to ripen simultaneously, allowing for their harvest with combines.

Paleo-Siberian languages: Yukaghir: …about equally into two enclaves: Tundra Yukaghir (also called Northern Yukaghir) in the Sakha republic (Yakutia), near the estuary of the Indigirka River; and Kolyma, or Forest, Yukaghir (also called Southern Yukaghir) along the bend of the Kolyma River. Extinct earlier dialects or languages related to Yukaghir are Omok and…

China: The Shiliuguo (Sixteen Kingdoms) in the north (303–439): The Bei (Northern) Zhou (557–581), strategically based in the rich basin of the Wei River, reunified the north (577). Four years later Yang Jian (better known by his posthumous name, Wendi), a general of Chinese and foreign descent (but claiming to be a pure-blooded Chinese), usurped…

Northfield, city, Rice county, southeastern Minnesota, U.S. It lies along the Cannon River, in a mixed-farming area, 35 miles (55 km) south of St. Paul. Founded in 1855 by New England lawyer John W. North, it became the home of Carleton (1866) and St. Olaf (1874) colleges. Flour milling was the

Carleton College, private coeducational, nonsectarian institution of higher learning in Northfield, Minnesota, U.S., about 40 miles (65 km) south of Minneapolis. In 1866 the Minnesota Conference of Congregational Churches founded Northfield College, and in 1870 the first college class was held. The

Jesse James and Frank James: …the First National Bank at Northfield, Minnesota. Of the eight bandits, only the James brothers escaped death or capture. After gathering a new gang in 1879, the James brothers resumed robbing, and in 1881 Missouri Gov. Thomas T. Crittenden offered a $10,000 reward for their capture, dead or alive. Reputedly,…

Denver: Lakewood, Littleton, Northglenn, Thornton, Westminster, and Wheat Ridge; Golden, about 12 miles (19 km) west of Denver, and Boulder, about 25 miles (40 km) northwest, are also part of the metropolitan region. Greater Denver is at the centre of a string of urban areas that stretches along…

Holocene Epoch: The Pleistocene–Holocene boundary: The onset of the Northgrippian stage (8,300 to 4,200 years ago), also determined using ice cores from Greenland, coincided with a period of cooling that occurred in the North Atlantic about 8,300 years ago. In contrast, the Meghalayan stage (4,200 years ago to the present) was determined using a…

Northland, regional council, the northernmost of North Island, New Zealand. It is coextensive with most of the North Auckland Peninsula. Northland extends about 96 miles (250 km) northwest from Kaipara Harbour to Cape Reinga and North Cape and is bounded to the west by the Tasman Sea and to the

railroad: Canadian railroads: …in the fall, and the Northland, which cuts through the mineral-rich Canadian Shield to Moosonee, close to an old fur-trading post on James Bay. In Quebec the line running north from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the iron-ore deposits of Ungava and Labrador is used to take canoeists, fishermen,…

Viking, member of the Scandinavian seafaring warriors who raided and colonized wide areas of Europe from the 9th to the 11th century and whose disruptive influence profoundly affected European history. These pagan Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish warriors were probably prompted to undertake their

Björk: Solo albums and acting career: …Robert Eggers’s fantasy epic film The Northman (2022) and later collaborated on several songs with Spanish singer Rosalía, notably the dramatic “Berghain” from Rosalía’s album Lux (2025).

Northridge earthquake of 1994, earthquake that struck the densely populated San Fernando Valley in southern California, U.S., on January 17, 1994. The third major earthquake to occur in the state in 23 years (after the 1971 San Fernando Valley and 1989 San Francisco–Oakland earthquakes), the

Northrop Grumman Corporation, major American manufacturer specializing in defense and commercial aerospace, electronics, and information-technology products and services. The current company was formed in 1939 as Northrop Aircraft, Inc., and was renamed Northrop Corporation in 1958. Its present

John Knudsen Northrop: …Northrop produced the low-wing, aluminum Alpha, which was used to carry mail and passengers. In 1932 he formed the Northrop Corporation in partnership with Douglas, which used his multicellular wing structure on its famous DC-3 passenger and transport plane. In 1939 he founded Northrop Aircraft, Inc., and directed it until…

Northrop Grumman Corporation, major American manufacturer specializing in defense and commercial aerospace, electronics, and information-technology products and services. The current company was formed in 1939 as Northrop Aircraft, Inc., and was renamed Northrop Corporation in 1958. Its present

Northrop Grumman Corporation, major American manufacturer specializing in defense and commercial aerospace, electronics, and information-technology products and services. The current company was formed in 1939 as Northrop Aircraft, Inc., and was renamed Northrop Corporation in 1958. Its present

John Howard Northrop was an American biochemist who received (with James B. Sumner and Wendell M. Stanley) the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1946 for successfully purifying and crystallizing certain enzymes, thus enabling him to determine their chemical nature. Northrop was educated at Columbia

John Knudsen Northrop was an American aircraft designer, an early advocate of all-metal construction and the flying wing design. Northrop graduated from high school in 1913 and in 1916 became a draftsman and designer for the Lockheed (formerly Loughead) brothers, builders of seaplanes and sport

Northumberland, county, central Pennsylvania, U.S., consisting of a mountainous region in the Appalachian Ridge and Valley physiographic province bounded to the west by the Susquehanna and West Branch Susquehanna rivers. Other waterways include Chillisquaque, Shamokin, Mahanoy, and Mahantango

Northumberland, historic county and unitary authority of northeastern England. It is England’s northernmost county, bounded to the north by Scotland, to the east by the North Sea, to the west by the administrative county of Cumbria (historic county of Cumberland), and to the south by the county of

Algernon Percy, 10th earl of Northumberland was an English Roman Catholic moderate during the turbulent reign of Charles I of England. He became a peer as Baron Percy in 1627 and succeeded his father, the 9th earl, as earl of Northumberland in 1632. During the years immediately preceding the

Henry Percy, 1st earl of Northumberland was an English statesman, leading figure during the reigns of England’s Richard II and Henry IV. He and his son Sir Henry Percy, the celebrated “Hotspur,” are commemorated in William Shakespeare’s play Henry IV, Part I. Son of the 3rd Baron Percy of Alnwick

Henry Percy, 1st earl of Northumberland was an English statesman, leading figure during the reigns of England’s Richard II and Henry IV. He and his son Sir Henry Percy, the celebrated “Hotspur,” are commemorated in William Shakespeare’s play Henry IV, Part I. Son of the 3rd Baron Percy of Alnwick

Henry Percy, 8th earl of Northumberland was an English Protestant member of the predominantly Roman Catholic Percy family, who nevertheless died in their cause. Brother of the 7th earl, Henry Percy served both Mary I and Elizabeth I in several capacities. During the northern rebellion, in which his

Henry Percy, 9th earl of Northumberland was an English Roman Catholic who was imprisoned in the Tower of London from 1605 to 1621 on suspicion of complicity in the Gunpowder Plot (q.v.). On the death of his father, the 8th earl, in 1585, he succeeded to the earldom and settled in London. Although

John Dudley, duke of Northumberland was an English politician and soldier who was the virtual ruler of England from 1549 to 1553, during the minority of King Edward VI. Almost all historical sources regard him as an unscrupulous schemer whose policies undermined England’s political stability. His

John Dudley, duke of Northumberland was an English politician and soldier who was the virtual ruler of England from 1549 to 1553, during the minority of King Edward VI. Almost all historical sources regard him as an unscrupulous schemer whose policies undermined England’s political stability. His

John Neville, earl of Northumberland was a leading partisan in the English Wars of the Roses. He was the son of Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury, and the brother of Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, the “Kingmaker.” John Neville was a ringleader in the conflict between the Nevilles and Percys in

Thomas Percy, 7th earl of Northumberland was an English conspirator during the reign of Elizabeth I, seeking the release of Mary, Queen of Scots, and the free exercise of the Roman Catholic religion. His father, Sir Thomas Percy (son of the 5th earl), was attainted and executed at Tyburn for his

Northumbria, one of the most important kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England, lying north of the River Humber. During its most flourishing period it extended from the Irish Sea to the North Sea, between two west–east lines formed in the north by the Ayrshire coast and the Firth of Forth and in the south

Tostig, earl of Northumbria was an Anglo-Saxon earl who became a mortal enemy of his brother Earl Harold, who became King Harold II of England. Tostig was a son, probably the third, of Godwine, earl of Wessex and Kent, and in 1051 married Judith, half sister of Baldwin V, count of Flanders. In the

Old English language: …Old English language are known: Northumbrian in northern England and southeastern Scotland; Mercian in central England; Kentish in southeastern England; and West Saxon in southern and southwestern England. Mercian and Northumbrian are often classed together as the Anglian dialects. Most extant Old English writings are in the West Saxon dialect;…

Solomon Northup: …who enlisted the help of Henry B. Northup, a lifelong friend of Solomon and the grandnephew of the person who had manumitted Mintus.

Solomon Northup: His father, Mintus, had been born into slavery but was freed following the death of his master, Capt. Henry Northup, whose will contained the stipulation that his slaves be manumitted. Mintus eventually acquired his own farm and enough land to fulfill the property ownership requirement that African…

Solomon Northup was an American farmer, labourer, and musician whose experience of being kidnapped and sold into slavery was the basis for his book Twelve Years a Slave: Narrative of Solomon Northup, a Citizen of New York, Kidnapped in Washington City in 1841, and Rescued in 1853, from a Cotton

Washington, D.C.: Northwest: The largest of the four quadrants of the District is Northwest, which contains most of the city’s federal buildings, tourist destinations, and wealthier neighborhoods. It encompasses the areas known as Downtown, Lafayette Square, Foggy Bottom, Georgetown, Dupont Circle, and Adams-Morgan, among others.

Northwest, region, northwestern U.S., including the states of Oregon and Washington and part of Idaho. Originally claimed by Spain, Britain, Russia, and finally the United States, the Northwest was jointly occupied by Britain and the United States until 1846, when the 49th parallel was made the

Argentina: The Northwest: This part of the Andes region includes the northern half of the main mountain mass in Argentina and the transitional terrain, or piedmont, merging with the eastern lowlands. The region’s southern border is the upper Colorado River. Within the region the Andean system of…

Northwest Airlines, Inc., American airline founded in 1926 as Northwest Airways, Inc., and incorporated on April 16, 1934, as Northwest Airlines, Inc. Originally flying a mail route between Chicago and Minneapolis–St. Paul, Minn., the company expanded in subsequent decades to eventually include a

Northwest Airlines, Inc., American airline founded in 1926 as Northwest Airways, Inc., and incorporated on April 16, 1934, as Northwest Airlines, Inc. Originally flying a mail route between Chicago and Minneapolis–St. Paul, Minn., the company expanded in subsequent decades to eventually include a

Lake of the Woods: …of the lake is the Northwest Angle (Lake of the Woods county), which is the northernmost point of the coterminous United States.

Norwest Corporation, former American holding company that owned subsidiary commercial banks in a number of western and midwestern U.S. states. Norwest and Wells Fargo & Company merged in 1998, and the newly formed business took the latter’s name. The company was incorporated as Northwest

orangutan: Classification: pygmaeus morio, P. pygmaeus pygmaeus, and P. pygmaeus wurmbii. During the Pleistocene Epoch (about 2,600,000 to 11,700 years ago), the orangutan range was much more extensive, and orangutan remains have been found as far north as southern China.

Abkhazo-Adyghian languages, group of languages spoken primarily in the northwestern part of the Caucasus Mountains. The languages of this group—Abkhaz, Abaza, Adyghian, Kabardian (Circassian), and the nearly extinct Ubykh—are noted for the great number of distinctive consonants and limited number

Northwest Coast Indian, member of any of the Native American peoples inhabiting a narrow belt of Pacific coastland and offshore islands from the southern border of Alaska to northwestern California. The Northwest Coast was the most sharply delimited culture area of native North America. It covered

LaFayette Curry Baker: …Treasury Department; broke up the “Northwest Conspiracy,” a plan by Confederate terrorists to carry the war to the cities of the North by arson and other means; and uncovered acts of trading with the enemy by prominent Union officials. After Lincoln was assassinated in April 1865, Baker personally planned and…

Germanic languages: The emergence of Germanic languages: …was between East Germanic and Northwest Germanic. It can be dated roughly to the 1st–3rd centuries ce. Northwest Germanic is attested in the early runic inscriptions (c. 200–500 ce) from Scandinavia and northern Germany and encompassed all the Germanic territory from Scandinavia southward across much of Germany and the Low…

D.B. Cooper: …in its history, known as NORJAK (Northwest Hijacking). Initially the agency believed that Cooper knew both planes and the area, and it was speculated that he served in the military, possibly as a paratrooper; later, however, it was decided that he was not an experienced skydiver because the jump was…

Battle of Fallen Timbers: …the United States and the Northwest Indian Confederation on the Maumee River near what is now Toledo, Ohio. After two devastating U.S. losses at the hands of the Northwest Indian Confederation, Maj. Gen. Anthony Wayne took command of the U.S. Army and retaliated against the allied tribes with an expeditionary…

Northwest Missouri State University, public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Maryville, Mo., U.S., 90 miles (145 km) north of Kansas City. It comprises colleges of arts and sciences, education and human services, and business and professional studies. In addition to undergraduate

Northwest Missouri State University, public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Maryville, Mo., U.S., 90 miles (145 km) north of Kansas City. It comprises colleges of arts and sciences, education and human services, and business and professional studies. In addition to undergraduate

Northwest Missouri State University, public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Maryville, Mo., U.S., 90 miles (145 km) north of Kansas City. It comprises colleges of arts and sciences, education and human services, and business and professional studies. In addition to undergraduate

Northwest Ordinances, several ordinances enacted by the U.S. Congress for the purpose of establishing orderly and equitable procedures for the settlement and political incorporation of the Northwest Territory—i.e., that part of the American frontier lying west of Pennsylvania, north of the Ohio

Northwest Airlines, Inc., American airline founded in 1926 as Northwest Airways, Inc., and incorporated on April 16, 1934, as Northwest Airlines, Inc. Originally flying a mail route between Chicago and Minneapolis–St. Paul, Minn., the company expanded in subsequent decades to eventually include a

Northwest Passage, American adventure film, released in 1940, that deals with events of the French and Indian War, a theme rarely explored in film. It was based on the first part of Kenneth Roberts’s 1937 novel of the same name. (Read Martin Scorsese’s Britannica essay on film preservation.) The

Northwest Passage, historical sea passage of the North American continent. It represents centuries of effort to find a route westward from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean through the Arctic Archipelago of what became Canada. The quest for the passage was one of the world’s severest maritime

Northwest Passage, American adventure film, released in 1940, that deals with events of the French and Indian War, a theme rarely explored in film. It was based on the first part of Kenneth Roberts’s 1937 novel of the same name. (Read Martin Scorsese’s Britannica essay on film preservation.) The

Providenciales: Northwest Point National Park protects a strip of sea off the northwest coast and includes reefs and breeding grounds for seabirds as well as the pristine and undeveloped Malcolm Roads Beach. Of historical interest are a large number of engravings made on exposed limestone by…

Semitic languages: The Northwest Semitic languages and Arabic: A different verbal system in the Northwest Semitic languages and Arabic has led many scholars to posit a Central Semitic group within the West Semitic branch. On the one hand, like other West Semitic languages, the Northwest Semitic languages and…

Northwest Territories, region of northern and northwestern Canada encompassing a vast area of forests and tundra. Throughout most of the 20th century, the territories constituted more than one-third of the area of Canada and reached almost from the eastern to the western extremities of the country,

The coat of arms of the Northwest Territories was designed by the air force commander Alan B. Beddoe and approved in 1956. Its crest includes a compass rose, two narwhals, and a wreath. The chief (upper portion) of the shield represents the ice fields of the far north and the Northwest Passage,

Northwest Territory, U.S. territory created by Congress in 1787 encompassing the region lying west of Pennsylvania, north of the Ohio River, east of the Mississippi River, and south of the Great Lakes. Virginia, New York, Connecticut, and Massachusetts had claims to this area, which they ceded to

North-West Rebellion, violent insurgency in 1885 fought between the Canadian government and the Métis and their aboriginal allies, in regions of Canada later known as Saskatchewan and Alberta. The North-West Rebellion was triggered by rising concern and insecurity among the Métis about their land

moose: …the northeastern United States; the northwestern moose (A. alces andersoni), which inhabits central Canada and North Dakota, Minnesota, and northern Michigan; the Shiras moose (A. alces shirasi), which inhabits the Rocky Mountains in the United States and Canada; and the Alaskan moose (A. alces gigas), which inhabits Alaska and northwestern…

Turkic languages: Classification: …into a southwestern (SW), a northwestern (NW), a southeastern (SE), and a northeastern (NE) branch. Chuvash and Khalaj form separate branches.

Northwestern University, private, coeducational university in Evanston, Illinois, U.S., with campuses in Chicago and Doha, Qatar. It is a comprehensive research institution and a member of the Association of American Colleges and Universities. Northwestern’s undergraduate, graduate, and

Norwich, city (district), administrative and historic county of Norfolk, England. It is located along the River Wensum above its confluence with the River Yare, about 100 miles (160 km) northeast of London. The site does not seem to have been occupied until Saxon times, when the village of Northwic

Northwich, town (parish), Cheshire West and Chester unitary authority, historic county of Cheshire, northwestern England. Local brine springs have been used to produce salt since Roman times, but their exploitation has caused severe subsidence of buildings in the town. The present large-scale

John Northwood was an English glassmaker, a technical innovator who sparked a resurgence of British interest in classical Greek and Roman glassworking methods, particularly in the art of cameo glass. Northwood studied art before serving as an apprentice in the large glass-manufacturing firm of