cricket: Bowling: A half volley is a ball pitched so far up to the batsman that he can drive it fractionally after it has hit the ground without having to move forward. A yorker is a ball pitched on or inside the popping crease. A full pitch is…

ass: The related Asiatic wild ass, sometimes called the Asian wild ass or the half-ass (E. hemionus), is usually known by the local names of its various races: e.g., kulan (E. hemionus kulan, Mongolia) and khur (E. hemionus khur, India and Pakistan). The Syrian wild ass (E. hemionus…

Thoroughbred: …the United States and a half-bred in Great Britain. Grade Thoroughbreds may be used as hunters, polo ponies, stock horses, or riding horses, depending on their training.

United States: The administrations of James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur: …either the Stalwarts or the Half-Breeds, the two major factions within the Republican Party, but, upon becoming president, he upset the Stalwarts by naming the Half-Breed Blaine secretary of state. He gave even more serious offense to the Stalwart faction by appointing as collector of customs at New York a…

Tasmanian Aboriginal people: …reserve was established for “half-castes,” the official designation for mixed-race individuals, who were discriminated against even as their Aboriginal identity was negated (the Cape Barren Island Reserve Act of 1912 , for example, identified the islanders as a distinct people requiring special regulation by the government but did not…

Fritz Lang: Early life and German films: …his first movie, Halbblut (The Half-Caste), the theme of which foreshadowed such triumphs from his Hollywood period as The Woman in the Window (1944) and Scarlet Street (1945). In 1920 he began working for producer Erich Pommer at Decla Biscop Studio, which became part of the German filmmaking giant…

Francis Parkman: Literary career.: …is perhaps best studied in A Half-Century of Conflict (1892), completed shortly before his death. This final link in his history France and England in North America is a fascinating but complex account of events leading up to the French and Indian War.

benefit performance: With a half-clear benefit, the actor divided the gross income with the manager. The benefit proper stipulated that the actor pay for use of the theatre, receiving all profits above that. With a half benefit, all profits above the costs of production were split between the actor…

basketball: Principles of play: …of the ball in the frontcourt by passing and dribbling and by screening opponents in an effort to set up a play that will free a player for an open shot. Set patterns of offense generally use one or two pivot, or post, players who play near the free throw…

basketball: Principles of play: …of the ball in the frontcourt by passing and dribbling and by screening opponents in an effort to set up a play that will free a player for an open shot. Set patterns of offense generally use one or two pivot, or post, players who play near the free throw…

coin: Charlemagne and the Carolingian coinages: …introduced the smaller and subsidiary obole, or half-denier. The main types of his deniers were threefold: the monogram of his Latinized name, Carolus; a temple (sometimes a gateway); and, more rarely, a portrait. Monogram deniers were coined in France, Germany, northern Italy, and northeastern Spain; temple deniers were also widely…

E.O. Wilson: Half-Earth: Our Planet’s Fight for Life (2016) advanced the idea that plummeting biodiversity could be mitigated by reserving a full half of the planet for nonhuman species. By linking extant conservation areas as well as new ones using a system of corridors of protected land,…

basketry: Half-hitch and knotted coiling: In half-hitch coiling, the thread forms half hitches (simple knots) holding the coils in place, the standard serving only as a support. There is a relationship between half-hitch coiling and the half-hitch net (without a foundation), the distribution of which is much more extensive. The half-hitch…

half-life, in radioactivity, the interval of time required for one-half of the atomic nuclei of a radioactive sample to decay (change spontaneously into other nuclear species by emitting particles and energy), or, equivalently, the time interval required for the number of disintegrations per second

Half-Life, electronic game released by American game developer Sierra Studios in 1998 for personal computers (PCs) and in 2001 for the Sony Corporation’s PlayStation 2 video-game console. One of the most popular and critically acclaimed games of the late 1990s, Half-Life followed theoretical

Frank Bidart: Half-light: Collected Poems 1965–2016 (2017) was awarded a Pulitzer Prize. Bidart’s 11th poetry collection, Against Silence, appeared in 2021. He also edited, with David Gewanter, the collected poems of Robert Lowell (2003).

zebra: quagga borensis (half-maned zebra), E. quagga boehmi (Grant’s zebra), E. quagga chapmani (Chapman’s zebra), E. quagga burchellii (Burchell’s zebra), and E. quagga quagga (quagga, which is extinct). The mountain zebra is made up of two subspecies: E. zebra hartmannae (

conure: Among them is the half-moon conure, A. canicularis, called Petz’s conure, or “dwarf parrot”; from Central America, it is 24 cm (about 10 inches) long and mostly green, with orange forehead, dull-blue crown, and blue in the wings. The large (to 50 cm [20 inches]) Patagonian conure, or burrowing…

Gregory La Cava: Heyday: …films had been solid productions, The Half-Naked Truth (1932) was La Cava’s first major success, and it was in the genre that he would be most closely associated: screwball comedy. The movie cast Lee Tracy as a carnival barker who turns an exotic dancer (Lupe Velez) into a celebrity by…

snowboarding: Half-pipe and superpipe: Snowboarding’s most-famed contest, the half-pipe, is performed in a half tube of snow. Half-pipes are approximately 11 to 22 feet (3.3 to 6.7 meters) high, with slopes between 16 and 18 degrees, which is enough of a pitch for snowboarders to maintain their momentum. (Though official definitions and dimensions…

air warfare: Air superiority: …diving maneuver called the split-S, half-roll, or Abschwung was frequently executed against bombers. Heavily armed fighters such as the British Hurricane or the German Fw-190, instead of approaching from the side or from below and to the rear, would attack head-on, firing until the last moment and then rolling just…

half-timber work, method of building in which external and internal walls are constructed of timber frames and the spaces between the structural members are filled with such materials as brick, plaster, or wattle and daub. Traditionally, a half-timbered building was made of squared oak timbers

Bohuslav Martinů: His orchestral works Half-Time (1924) and La Bagarre (1927) were inspired by contemporary events, respectively a Czech-French football (soccer) game and the crowds that met Charles Lindbergh’s plane as it ended its transatlantic flight. Of his later works, the Concerto grosso for chamber orchestra (1941) uses the alternation…

half-track, motor vehicle that has wheels in the front and tanklike tracks at the back. Rugged armoured all-terrain half-tracks were widely used by American and German forces in World War II as armoured personnel carriers and for other purposes. They usually had open tops, armoured sides, and

formal logic: Nonstandard versions of PC: …third truth value (say, “half-truth”) ought to be recognized as existing between truth and falsity; thus, it has been advanced that certain familiar states of the weather make the proposition “It is raining” neither definitely true nor definitely false but something in between the two.

majuscule: Half uncial script was developed during the same period and eventually evolved into an almost entirely minuscule alphabet. The origins of lowercase letters in the modern alphabet can be traced directly to these uncial scripts. See also Latin alphabet; uncial.

radar: Antennas: The half-wave dipole (see part B of the figure), whose dimension is one-half of the radar wavelength, is the classic type of electromagnetic antenna. A single dipole is not of much use for radar, since it produces a beamwidth too wide for most applications. Radar requires…

rectifier: …current, the process is called half-wave rectification. When both polarities are used, producing a continuous train of pulses, the process is called full-wave rectification.

Half-Way Covenant, religious-political solution adopted by 17th-century New England Congregationalists, also called Puritans, that allowed the children of baptized but unconverted church members to be baptized and thus become church members and have political rights. Early Congregationalists had

esparto, either of two species of gray-green needlegrasses (Stipa tenacissima and Lygeum spartum) in the family Poaceae that are indigenous to southern Spain and northern Africa; the term also denotes the fibre obtained from those grasses. Esparto fibre has great strength and flexibility, and both

Ibero-Maurusian industry: …River valley culture known as Halfan, which dates from about 17,000 bc. Human remains are rather frequently associated with Ibero-Maurusian artifacts, and it appears that the industry belonged to a group of people known as the Mechta-el-Arbi race, considered to have been a North African branch of Cro-Magnon man.

halfbeak, any of about 70 species of marine and freshwater fishes of the family Hemiramphidae (order Atheriniformes). Halfbeaks are named for their unusual jaws: the upper is short and triangular, and the lower is long, slim, and beaklike. The fish are silvery, slender, and up to about 45 cm (18

Halfdan was the founder of the Danish kingdom of York (875/876), supposedly the son of Ragnar Lothbrok, the most famous Viking of the 9th century. After participating in raids on Anglo-Saxon lands to the south, Halfdan and his followers invaded the mouth of the River Tyne (874) and engaged in

Latin American music: The late 20th century and beyond: In Mexico, Rodolfo Halffter at different times expressed the neoclassic aesthetic, then used polytonality, 12-tone techniques, and serialism. (Both 12-tone and serial techniques entail a means of ordering pitches or other aspects of musical construction, such as rhythm or dynamics.) He influenced several of his students in…

Diane von Furstenberg is a Belgian-born designer and businesswoman who made a lasting contribution to fashion design with her flattering but practical wrap dress. Von Furstenberg was born Diane Simone Michelle Halfin, the daughter of Leon Halfin, an electronics distributor, and Lily (née Nahmias),

Maurice Gee: Children’s books: …same vein, the O trilogy—The Halfmen of O (1982), The Priests of Ferris (1984), and Motherstone (1985)—concerns the efforts of two children to defeat evil forces that threaten an imaginary world. The dystopian series comprising Salt (2007), Gool (2008), and The Limping Man (2010) was lauded for its

halfmoon, (Medialuna californiensis), edible Pacific fish of the family Kyphosidae (order Perciformes). Some authorities place it in the subfamily Scorpidinae, as distinct from the other Kyphosidae, which are known as sea chubs. Halfmoons are bluish gray in colour, with dark gray fins. They

locoweed: …woolly leaves and violet flowers; halfmoon milkvetch (A. wootonii), with whitish flowers; crazyweed, or purple loco (Oxytropis lambertii), with pink to purplish flowers; and the showy oxytropis (O. splendens), bearing silvery hairs and rich lavender-pink flowers.

snowboarding: Half-pipe and superpipe: Snowboarding’s most-famed contest, the half-pipe, is performed in a half tube of snow. Half-pipes are approximately 11 to 22 feet (3.3 to 6.7 meters) high, with slopes between 16 and 18 degrees, which is enough of a pitch for snowboarders to maintain their momentum. (Though official definitions and dimensions…

halftone process, in printing, a technique of breaking up an image into a series of dots so as to reproduce the full tone range of a photograph or tone art work. Breaking up is usually done by a screen inserted over the plate being exposed. The screens are made with a varying number of lines per

photoengraving: The halftone process: …produced by photography through a screen of loosely woven fabric. The screen was placed some distance forward of the plane of the receiving photographic surface (film or plate) and had the effect of breaking the gray tones of the subject into dots of varying sizes, through a combination of geometric…

Half-Way Covenant, religious-political solution adopted by 17th-century New England Congregationalists, also called Puritans, that allowed the children of baptized but unconverted church members to be baptized and thus become church members and have political rights. Early Congregationalists had

Paul Monette: …novels as Afterlife (1990) and Halfway Home (1991) and in the poetry collection Love Alone (1988), which featured elegies for Horwitz. Monette’s relationship with Horwitz also formed the basis of Borrowed Time, a moving account of his companion’s death that was a critical and commercial success. In Becoming a Man,…

halfway house, any of various community-based facilities that provide access to health and educational resources and offer transitional opportunities for individuals who are attempting to return to society following more restrictive living circumstances, such as those characteristic of prison,

sea eagle: …eagles (especially in the genus Haliaeetus), of which the bald eagle is best known. Sea eagles (sometimes called fish eagles or fishing eagles) live along rivers, big lakes, and tidewaters throughout the world except South America. Some reach 1 metre (3.3 feet) long, with a wingspan nearly twice that. All…

eagle: White-tailed sea eagles (H. albicilla), native to Europe, southwestern Greenland, the Middle East, Russia (including Siberia), and the coastlands of China, had disappeared from the British Isles by 1918 and from most of southern Europe by the 1950s; however, they began to recolonize Scotland by…

bald eagle, (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), the only eagle solely native to North America, and the national bird of the United States. The bald eagle is actually a sea eagle (Haliaeetus species) that commonly occurs inland along rivers and large lakes. The adult male is about 90 cm (36 inches) long and

eagle: The white-bellied sea eagle (H. leucogaster), frequently seen on the coasts of Australia, ranges from New Guinea and Indonesia through Southeast Asia to India and China. A well-known African species is the African fish eagle (H. vocifer), found along lakes, rivers, and coastlines from south of…

eagle: The largest sea eagle is Steller’s sea eagle (H. pelagicus), of Korea, Japan, and Russia’s Far East (particularly the Kamchatka Peninsula). This bird has a wingspan surpassing 2 metres (6.6 feet) and can weigh up to 9 kg (20 pounds).

eagle: …well-known African species is the African fish eagle (H. vocifer), found along lakes, rivers, and coastlines from south of the Sahara to the Cape of Good Hope.

kite: The Brahminy kite (Haliastur indus; subfamily Milvinae) ranges from India to northeastern Australia. It is red-brown except for white foreparts. It eats fish and garbage. The buzzard kite (Hamirostra melanosternon; subfamily Milvinae) of Australia is a large black-breasted bird; it lives mainly on rabbits and lizards.…

Thomas Chandler Haliburton was a Canadian writer best known as the creator of Sam Slick, a resourceful Yankee clock peddler and cracker-barrel philosopher whose encounters with a variety of people illuminated Haliburton’s view of human nature. Haliburton was admitted to the bar in 1820 and, as a

Tyrese Haliburton is an American basketball player who in 2025 led the Indiana Pacers to the NBA Finals, where the team lost to the Oklahoma City Thunder. A 6-foot 5-inch (1.96-meter) point guard, he is known for playing the game at a frenetic pace and for being an expert, selfless passer, earning

halibut, (genus Hippoglossus), either of two species of large and economically valuable flatfishes of the genus Hippoglossus (order Pleuronectiformes). Both, the Atlantic halibut (H. hippoglossus) and the Pacific halibut (H. stenolepis), have their eyes and colour on one side of the body. As

Istanbul: City site: …a long ridge above the Golden Horn; the other is a solitary eminence in the southwest corner. Around their slopes are ranged many of the mosques and other historic landmarks that were collectively designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1985.

Halicarnassus, ancient Greek city of Caria, situated on the Gulf of Cerameicus. According to tradition, it was founded by Dorian Troezen in the Peloponnese. Herodotus, a Halicarnassian, relates that in early times the city participated in the Dorian festival of Apollo at Triopion, but its

Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World. The monument was the tomb of Mausolus, ruler of Caria, in southwestern Asia Minor. It was built in his capital city, Halicarnassus, between about 353 and 351 bce by his sister and widow, Artemisia II. The building was designed by

nematode: In addition, two species, Halicephalobus mephisto and Plectus aquatilis, which inhabit subterranean water seeps as deep as 3.6 km (2.2 miles) beneath Earth’s surface, are the deepest-living multicellular organisms known. See also aschelminth.

gray seal, (Halichoerus grypus), seal of the family Phocidae, found in North Atlantic waters along the coast of Newfoundland, in the British Isles, and in the Baltic region. It is spotted gray and black and is characterized by a robust appearance and heavy head. The male grows to about 3 metres (10

bread crumb sponge, (Halichondria panicea), member of the class Demospongiae (phylum Porifera), so called because of the way in which it crumbles when handled. H. panicea is a common sponge that encrusts hard substrata and seaweed on the shore and in shallow subtidal regions. Varying in colour from

sweat bee, (family Halictidae), large family of nearly 4,500 species of solitary bees known for their attraction to human perspiration. Sweat bees are widespread and can be found on every continent on Earth except Antarctica. Like most bees, sweat bees do not produce honey, and they do not sting

sweat bee, (family Halictidae), large family of nearly 4,500 species of solitary bees known for their attraction to human perspiration. Sweat bees are widespread and can be found on every continent on Earth except Antarctica. Like most bees, sweat bees do not produce honey, and they do not sting

Hymenoptera: Social forms: …solitary bees of the subfamily Halictinae are helpful in understanding certain aspects of the evolution of the highly organized hymenopteran societies. The females of Halictus quadricinctus survive the hatching of their own offspring. Mother and daughter stay together in the same nest, which consists of single brood cells. Thus, although…

Hymenoptera: Social forms: The social behavior of Halictus (Evylaeus) malachurus has advanced another step. Morphological differences are apparent between the ovipositing female and the assisting females. The latter are poorly fed as larvae and, as a result, are smaller with poorly developed sexual organs. Bumblebee colonies are often highly developed, with different…

Hymenoptera: Social forms: The females of Halictus quadricinctus survive the hatching of their own offspring. Mother and daughter stay together in the same nest, which consists of single brood cells. Thus, although each female takes care of her own cells, they build and defend the nest together. In Augochloropsis sparsalis there…

Poland: Casimir the Great: …larger part of Halicz, or Red, Ruthenia (the future eastern Galicia), which Hungary and Lithuania also coveted. That acquisition marked an expansion beyond ethnic Polish territory. Casimir’s international prestige was evidenced by his acting as arbiter between the Luxembourgs, the Angevins, and the Habsburgs and subsequently hosting an international conference…

Halit Ziya Uşaklıgil was a writer who is considered the first true exponent in Turkey of the novel in its contemporary European form. He was educated at a French school in İzmir, where he became devoted to the works of the 19th-century French novelists. A journey to France also contributed to his

halogen: Oxidation: …to form compounds known as halides—namely, fluorides, chlorides, bromides, iodides, and astatides. Many of the halides may be considered to be salts of the respective hydrogen halides, which are colourless gases at room temperature and atmospheric pressure and (except for hydrogen

halide mineral, any of a group of naturally occurring inorganic compounds that are salts of the halogen acids (e.g., hydrochloric acid). Such compounds, with the notable exceptions of halite (rock salt), sylvite, and fluorite, are rare and of very local occurrence. Compositionally and structurally,

Battle of Halidon Hill, (July 19, 1333), major engagement in Scotland’s protracted struggle for political independence from England. The battle ended in a complete rout of Scottish forces attempting to relieve Berwick-upon-Tweed, which was besieged by the English under Edward III. Edward was acting

Halifax, British heavy bomber used during World War II. The Halifax was designed by Handley Page, Ltd., in response to a 1936 Royal Air Force (RAF) requirement for a bomber powered by two 24-cylinder Rolls-Royce Vulture engines. However, the Vulture encountered problems in development, and the

Halifax, town, seat of Halifax county, northeastern North Carolina, U.S., on the Roanoke River about 70 miles (113 km) northeast of Raleigh. Settled about 1723, it was made a colonial borough in 1760, named for George Montagu Dunk, 2nd earl of Halifax. It thrived as a river port, and between 1776

Halifax, city and capital of Nova Scotia, Canada. A major amalgamation and incorporation as Halifax Regional Municipality (referred to as HRM) occurred in 1996 and united the City of Halifax, the City of Dartmouth, the Town of Bedford, and Halifax County Municipality within boundaries that include

Halifax, town and urban area (from 2011 built-up area), metropolitan borough of Calderdale, metropolitan county of West Yorkshire, historic county of Yorkshire, northern England. An old market town for grain, wool, and cloth trades, it lost its preeminence to Bradford (just to the northeast) in the

Lloyds Banking Group: …Lloyds completed a takeover of Halifax Bank of Scotland (HBOS) PLC, creating Lloyds Banking Group (LBG). The new banking giant was Britain’s largest mortgage lender.

kebab: …eat a version called “Halifax donair,” whose sauce contains condensed milk and sugar along with more traditional ingredients such as garlic and paprika. Kebabs without meat may be vegetarian or vegan.

Halifax explosion, devastating explosion on December 6, 1917, that occurred when a munitions ship blew up in the harbour of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Nearly 2,000 people died and some 9,000 were injured in the disaster, which flattened more than 1 square mile (2.5 square km) of the city of

Halifax explosion, devastating explosion on December 6, 1917, that occurred when a munitions ship blew up in the harbour of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Nearly 2,000 people died and some 9,000 were injured in the disaster, which flattened more than 1 square mile (2.5 square km) of the city of

lynching in the United States: Lynching on the frontiers: court) in medieval Germany, the Halifax gibbet law (execution of those guilty of theft valued over a specific amount) in England, the Jedburgh justice (according to which a man was hanged first and tried afterward) in Scotland, and Cowper justice (trial after execution) in the border districts of England. Resembling…

Charles Montagu, 1st earl of Halifax was a Whig statesman, a financial genius who created several of the key elements of England’s system of public finance. He was elected to Parliament in 1689 and appointed a lord of the Treasury three years later. By devising a system of guaranteed government

Halifax: It was there that the Halifax Resolves, the first formal sanction of American independence, were adopted on April 12, 1776. Political activity declined after 1783, when the state assembly moved to Hillsboro (now Hillsborough). Constitution House, where tradition holds that the state constitution was drafted, and other colonial-era and 19th-century…

Charles Montagu, 1st earl of Halifax was a Whig statesman, a financial genius who created several of the key elements of England’s system of public finance. He was elected to Parliament in 1689 and appointed a lord of the Treasury three years later. By devising a system of guaranteed government

Charles Montagu, 1st earl of Halifax was a Whig statesman, a financial genius who created several of the key elements of England’s system of public finance. He was elected to Parliament in 1689 and appointed a lord of the Treasury three years later. By devising a system of guaranteed government

Edward Frederick Lindley Wood, 1st earl of Halifax was a British viceroy of India (1925–31), foreign secretary (1938–40), and ambassador to the United States (1941–46). The fourth son of the 2nd Viscount Halifax, a well-known churchman and a leader of the Anglo-Catholic movement in Yorkshire, Wood

Kennebec: Winslow contains Fort Halifax (built 1754; reconstructed 1988), which was the oldest extant blockhouse in the United States until it was destroyed in a flood in 1987. In addition to state government activities, the economy relies upon the manufacture of textiles and paper products, livestock raising, tourism,…

George Montagu Dunk, 2nd earl of Halifax was an English statesman, after whom the city of Halifax, Nova Scotia, is named. He was the son of George Montagu, 1st earl of Montagu, to whose title he succeeded in 1739. He assumed the name of his wealthy wife, Anne Dunk, whom he married in 1741. He

George Savile, 1st marquess of Halifax was an English statesman and political writer known as “The Trimmer” because of his moderating position in the fierce party struggles of his day. Although his conciliatory approach frequently made him a detached critic rather than a dynamic politician, the

George Savile, 1st marquess of Halifax was an English statesman and political writer known as “The Trimmer” because of his moderating position in the fierce party struggles of his day. Although his conciliatory approach frequently made him a detached critic rather than a dynamic politician, the

Edward Frederick Lindley Wood, 1st earl of Halifax was a British viceroy of India (1925–31), foreign secretary (1938–40), and ambassador to the United States (1941–46). The fourth son of the 2nd Viscount Halifax, a well-known churchman and a leader of the Anglo-Catholic movement in Yorkshire, Wood

Tien Shan: Physiography: …in the central Tien Shan—the Halik Mountains, reaching heights up to 22,346 feet (6,811 metres), and the isolated Ketpen (Ketmen) Range, which rises to an elevation of 11,936 feet (3,474 metres) in the central part of the depression.

Tomáš Halik is a Czech Roman Catholic priest, sociologist, and author who advocated for religious tolerance and interfaith dialogue. In 2014 he was awarded the Templeton Prize, which is considered by some to be the equivalent of a Nobel Prize for religion. Influenced by such British Roman Catholic

Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World. The monument was the tomb of Mausolus, ruler of Caria, in southwestern Asia Minor. It was built in his capital city, Halicarnassus, between about 353 and 351 bce by his sister and widow, Artemisia II. The building was designed by

Mehmed II: Early years and first reign: …between the powerful grand vizier Çandarlı Halil, on the one hand, and the viziers Zaganos and Şihâbeddin, on the other, who claimed that they were protecting the rights of the child sultan. In September 1444 the army of the Crusaders crossed the Danube. In Edirne this news triggered a massacre…

Patrona Halil was a Turkish bath waiter, who, after a Turkish defeat by Persia, led a mob uprising (1730) that replaced the Ottoman sultan Ahmed III (ruled 1703–30) with Mahmud I (ruled 1730–54). This was the only Turkish rising not originating in the army. Patrona Halil was assassinated soon

Said Halim Paşa was an Ottoman statesman who served as grand vizier (chief minister) from 1913 to 1916. The grandson of Muḥammad ʿAlī Pasha, a famous viceroy of Egypt, Said was educated in Turkey and later in Switzerland. In 1888 he was appointed a member of the state judicial council. In 1911 he

raḍāʿ: …a famous Bedouin nurse named Ḥalīmah bint Abī Dhuʾayb.

Which Countries Have Had Women Leaders?: minister Singapore 2017 Halimah Yacob president Sint Maarten 2010 Sarah Wescot-Williams prime minister Slovakia 2010 Iveta Radičová prime minister Slovenia 2013 Alenka Bratusek

stalactite work, pendentive form of architectural ornamentation, resembling the geological formations called stalactites. This type of ornamentation is characteristic of Islamic architecture and decoration. It consists of a series of little niches, bracketed out one above the other, or of

manorial court, in feudal law, court through which a lord exercised jurisdiction over his tenants. The manorial court was presided over by the steward or seneschal, and it was there that various officials—such as the reeve, who acted as general overseer, and the hayward, who watched over the crops

gastropod: Importance to humans: …the West Indies, abalones (Haliotis) in California and Japan, and turban shells (Turbo) in the Pacific are the most frequently eaten marine snails. Occasionally limpets and whelks are used for food, but they are more commonly used as fish bait. Freshwater snails rarely are eaten. Land snails of the…