Red Ruthenia

Red Ruthenia, also known as Red Rus, was a historical region in Eastern Europe. It was part of Kievan Rus' from the 10th century and later became an independent principality around 1087. In 1199, it was united with Volhynia under Prince Roman, forming a powerful state.

After internal struggles and Mongol suzerainty, Galicia was annexed by Poland in 1349. Under Polish rule, Polish settlers became the dominant social class, and the local Ruthenian boyars adopted Polish language, institutions, and Roman Catholicism. In 1772, Galicia was annexed by Austria and later became part of Poland after World War I. During World War II, eastern Galicia was incorporated into the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.12