halide

…to form compounds known as halides—namely, fluorides, chlorides, bromides, iodides, and astatides. Many of the halides may be considered to be salts of the respective hydrogen halides, which are colourless gases at room temperature and atmospheric pressure and (except for hydrogen

, the halides) of the actinoids are, for the most part, isostructural for any one halide, and the structure type can be predicted from a knowledge of the ionic radius. The solubility of these halides in water is generally great. The +3 oxides of actinoids are also…

…especially with the aqueous hydrogen halides. The following equation illustrates this: Ga³⁺(aq) + HX (conc.) → GaX₄⁻, X being chlorine, bromine, or iodine. Intermediate complex ions, MX²⁺ and MX₂⁺, can be detected in several cases.

These polycrystalline halide materials tend to transmit lower wavelengths than oxides, extending down to the infrared region; however, their grain boundaries and porosity scatter radiation. Therefore, they are best used as single crystals. As such, however, halides are insufficiently strong for large windows: they can plastically deform…

Cuprous chloride, CuCl, can be prepared by treating metallic copper and cuprous oxide with hydrochloric acid or by treating metallic copper and cupric chloride with hydrochloric acid. The hydrochloric acid solution of cuprous chloride readily absorbs carbon monoxide and acetylene and is used for…

A hydroxide ion can displace a halide ion from a primary alkyl halide (RCH₂X, where X is a halogen) to give an alcohol. This displacement reaction is not frequently used to synthesize alcohols, however, because alkyl halides are more commonly synthesized from alcohols rather…

The selectivity sequence for halide ions in resins with quaternary-ammonium fixed ions is fluoride, chloride, bromide, and iodide, with fluoride being held the most weakly. This resembles the cation selectivity order, in which the smallest ion also is held most weakly. On the other hand, the differences between the…

The three main stoichiometries in the halide systems (X = fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine) are trihalides (RX₃), tetrahalides (RX₄), and reduced halides (RX_y, y < 3). The trihalides are known for all the rare earths except

…increasing oxidation number, and the halides become more covalent and susceptible to hydrolysis. 3. In the oxo anions characteristic of the higher oxidation states the metal atom is tetrahedrally surrounded by oxygen atoms, whereas in the oxides formed in the lower oxidation states the atoms are usually octahedrally coordinated. 4.…

…it was found that silver halide crystallites would darken when exposed to X-ray radiation. Alkali halide crystals such as sodium iodide combined with about 0.1 percent thallium have been found to emit light when X-rays are absorbed in the material. These devices are known as scintillators,