William Bowie was an American geodesist who investigated isostasy, a principle that rationalizes the tendency of dense crustal rocks to cause topographic depressions and of light crustal rocks to cause topographic elevations. Bowie was educated at Trinity College, Hartford, Conn. (B.S., 1893), and

Richard Rogers Bowker was an editor and publisher who was important in the development of U.S. professional library standards. Bowker graduated from the City College of the City of New York and became literary editor of the New York Evening Mail and later of the New York Tribune. He founded the

Native American art: Far West, Northeast, Central South, and Southeast: Middle Mississippian culture diorite bowl found at Moundville, Alabama, been the only masterpiece to survive, however, no other proof of the artistic brilliance of these peoples would be required.

bowls: …a ball (known as a bowl) is rolled toward a smaller stationary ball, called a jack. The object is to roll one’s bowls so that they come to rest nearer to the jack than those of an opponent; this is sometimes achieved by knocking aside an opponent’s bowl or the…

BCS, former arrangement of five American college postseason football games that annually determined the national champion. The games involved were the Rose Bowl, the Orange Bowl, the Sugar Bowl, the Fiesta Bowl, and the BCS National Championship Game. In 2014 the BCS was replaced by the College

American football: Bowl games and the national championship: In 1995 the Bowl Coalition was replaced by the Bowl Alliance (involving six conferences, Notre Dame, and only three bowls), but the nonparticipation of the Rose Bowl, Big Ten, and Pac-10 continued to leave the scheme badly flawed. In 1998 the Rose Bowl and its two participating conferences…

iron processing: History: Bowl furnaces were constructed by digging a small hole in the ground and arranging for air from a bellows to be introduced through a pipe or tuyere. Stone-built shaft furnaces, on the other hand, relied on natural draft, although they too sometimes used tuyeres. In…

American football: Bowl games: In the 1920s and ’30s colleges and universities throughout the Midwest, South, and West, in alliance with local civic and business elites, launched campaigns to gain national recognition and economic growth through their football teams. They organized regional conferences—the Big Ten and the…

lyre: Bowl lyres have a rounded body with a curved back—often of tortoiseshell—and a skin belly; the arms are invariably constructed separately, as in the Greek lyra.

Andrew Bird: Andrew Bird’s Bowl of Fire, as his new Chicago-based band became known, won critical notice for its impressive command and fusion of early 20th-century musical idioms, drawing on traditions as varied as swing-era jazz, calypso, German cabaret, and Central European folk songs over the course of three…

John Bowlby was a British developmental psychologist and psychiatrist best known as the originator of attachment theory, which posits an innate need in very young children to develop a close emotional bond with a caregiver. Bowlby explored the behavioral and psychological consequences of both

John Bowlby was a British developmental psychologist and psychiatrist best known as the originator of attachment theory, which posits an innate need in very young children to develop a close emotional bond with a caregiver. Bowlby explored the behavioral and psychological consequences of both

cricket: Bowling: Bowling can be right- or left-arm. For a fair delivery, the ball must be propelled, usually overhand, without bending the elbow. The bowler may run any desired number of paces as a part of his delivery (with the restriction, of course, that he not…

dress: The 19th century: …“billycock” and, in America, the derby, was introduced about 1850 by the hatter William Bowler. The straw boater, originally meant to be worn on the river, became popular for all summer activities. The homburg felt hat, introduced in the 1870s and popularized by the Prince of Wales (later King Edward…

playa: Effects of wind action: Bowler, an Australian Quaternary stratigrapher, produced a precise chronology of playa development and associated eolian activity in the desert of western New South Wales, Australia. There, numerous small lakes reached their maximum extent 32,000 years ago, approximately coincident with the age of the first human…

Lake Mungo: …important archaeological sites when geologist Jim Bowler unearthed the remains of a young Aboriginal woman in 1968. The bones of the skeleton, referred to as Mungo Lady, had been burnt before burial, making them the world’s oldest evidence of cremation and ceremonial burial. In 1974 Bowler discovered the complete skeleton…

Chester Bowles was an American advertising entrepreneur, public official, and noted liberal politician. After graduating from Yale University in 1924, Bowles worked for a year as a reporter and then took a job in 1925 as an advertising copywriter. With William Benton he established the successful

Chester Bowles was an American advertising entrepreneur, public official, and noted liberal politician. After graduating from Yale University in 1924, Bowles worked for a year as a reporter and then took a job in 1925 as an advertising copywriter. With William Benton he established the successful

Jane Bowles was an American author whose small body of highly individualistic work enjoyed an underground reputation even when it was no longer in print. She was raised in the United States and was educated in Switzerland by French governesses. She married the composer-author Paul Bowles in 1938.

Jane Bowles was an American author whose small body of highly individualistic work enjoyed an underground reputation even when it was no longer in print. She was raised in the United States and was educated in Switzerland by French governesses. She married the composer-author Paul Bowles in 1938.

Bari Weiss: Personal life: …former New York Times reporter Nellie Bowles, who became one of the cofounders of The Free Press. They are married and have two children.

Paul Bowles was an American-born composer, translator, and the author of novels and short stories in which violent events and psychological collapse are recounted in a detached and elegant style. His protagonists are often Europeans or Americans who are maimed by their contact with powerful

Paul Bowles was an American-born composer, translator, and the author of novels and short stories in which violent events and psychological collapse are recounted in a detached and elegant style. His protagonists are often Europeans or Americans who are maimed by their contact with powerful

Sally Bowles, fictional character, the eccentric heroine of Christopher Isherwood’s novella Sally Bowles (1937) and of his collected stories Goodbye to Berlin (1939). Bowles is a young iconoclastic, minimally talented English nightclub singer in the Berlin of the Weimar Republic period (1919–33).

Emily Dickinson: Mature career of Emily Dickinson: …a few friends, most importantly Samuel Bowles, publisher and editor of the influential Springfield Republican. Gregarious, captivating, and unusually liberal on the question of women’s careers, Bowles had a high regard for Dickinson’s poems, publishing (without her consent) seven of them during her lifetime—more than appeared in any other outlet.…

French Lick: …was built in 1840 by William A. Bowles, who laid out the town in 1857. Thomas Taggart (1856–1929), three-time mayor of Indianapolis and later chairman of the Democratic National Committee, purchased the hotel in 1901 and was instrumental in French Lick’s development as a year-round health resort and convention centre.…

William Lisle Bowles was an English poet, critic, and clergyman, noted principally for his Fourteen Sonnets (1789), which expresses with simple sincerity the thoughts and feelings inspired in a mind of delicate sensibility by the contemplation of natural scenes. Bowles was educated at Trinity

bowline, knot forming a loop at the end of a rope, used for mooring boats, hoisting, hauling, and fastening one rope to another. It will not slip or jam, even under strain, but can be easily loosened by pushing with a finger. A bowline is made by laying the rope’s end over its standing part to form

cricket: Bowling: Bowling can be right- or left-arm. For a fair delivery, the ball must be propelled, usually overhand, without bending the elbow. The bowler may run any desired number of paces as a part of his delivery (with the restriction, of course, that he not…

bowling, game in which a heavy ball is rolled down a long, narrow lane toward a group of objects known as pins, the aim being to knock down more pins than an opponent. The game is quite different from the sport of bowls, or lawn bowls, in which the aim is to bring the ball to rest near a stationary

communitarianism: The common good versus individual rights: …with contemporary social-scientific data in Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community (2000), by the American political scientist Robert Putnam.

cricket: Field of play, equipment, and dress: …creases at each wicket: the bowling crease is a line drawn through the base of the stumps and extending 4.33 feet (1.32 metres) on either side of the centre stump; the return crease is a line at each end of and at right angles to the bowling crease, extending behind…

Michael Moore: …ratings—Moore achieved major success with Bowling for Columbine (2002). The film, which profiles gun violence in the United States, won the Academy Award for best documentary. In his next documentary, Fahrenheit 9/11 (2004), Moore criticized U.S. Pres. George W. Bush’s handling of the September 11 attacks and the administration’s

Bowling Green, city, seat (1866) of Wood county, northwestern Ohio, U.S., about 25 miles (40 km) south of Toledo. The site, originally a swamp wilderness, was first settled by Elisha Martindale in 1832. The town was laid out in 1835 and named for Bowling Green, Ky. The swampland, drained by German

Bowling Green, city, seat (1796) of Warren county, south-central Kentucky, U.S. It lies along the Barren River, 65 miles (105 km) northeast of Nashville, Tennessee. It was settled in 1780 by Robert and George Moore, and tradition suggests that their sport of bowling wooden balls across the green

Western Kentucky University: Bowling Green College of Commerce was added in 1963. Three years later Western Kentucky was elevated to university standing.

Bowling Green State University, public, coeducational institution of higher education in Bowling Green, Ohio, U.S. The university is composed of the colleges of arts and sciences, business administration, education and human development, health and human services, musical arts, and technology.

bowling: Lanes and equipment: The U.S. game of tenpins is played according to the rules and specifications of the American Bowling Congress. The game is played indoors on wooden or synthetic lanes with maximum dimensions of 62 feet 10 1116 inches (19.17 metres) in length and…

bowling: Lanes and equipment: The pins are 15 inches (38 centimetres) tall and arranged in a triangle formation with the point or No. 1 pin at the head of the formation facing the bowler. The centres of the pin spots are 12 inches (30.5 centimetres) apart. The pins have a…

bowling: Professional bowling: …of the game was the Bowling Proprietors’ Association of America, founded in 1932. In addition to its trade association functions, it is affiliated with a number of tournaments, most notably the All-Star tournament, a match game event begun in 1941 that in 1971 became the U.S. Open and a part…

bowls, outdoor game in which a ball (known as a bowl) is rolled toward a smaller stationary ball, called a jack. The object is to roll one’s bowls so that they come to rest nearer to the jack than those of an opponent; this is sometimes achieved by knocking aside an opponent’s bowl or the jack. A

Bowman’s capsule, double-walled cuplike structure that makes up part of the nephron, the filtration structure in the mammalian kidney that generates urine in the process of removing waste and excess substances from the blood. Bowman’s capsule encloses a cluster of microscopic blood

Stanley Matthews: In Bowman v. Chicago and North Western Railway Company he declared that a state prohibition of common carriers transporting liquor into the state was unconstitutional because it constituted state regulation of interstate commerce. His most important opinion, given for the court in Yick Wo v. Hopkins…

Bowman’s capsule, double-walled cuplike structure that makes up part of the nephron, the filtration structure in the mammalian kidney that generates urine in the process of removing waste and excess substances from the blood. Bowman’s capsule encloses a cluster of microscopic blood

human eye: The outermost coat: …the epithelium, or outer covering; Bowman’s membrane; the stroma, or supporting structure; Descemet’s membrane; and the endothelium, or inner lining. Up to 90 percent of the thickness of the cornea is made up of the stroma. The epithelium, which is a continuation of the epithelium of the conjunctiva, is itself…

In 1989 Thea Bowman was a keynote speaker at a semiannual conference of U.S. Roman Catholic bishops. The topic of her address, on what it means to be Black and Catholic, drew upon her experience as a convert to Roman Catholicism and as the only Black American member of her religious congregation,

Isaiah Bowman was a geographer and educator who helped establish the American Geographical Society’s international standing during his 20 years as its director. A graduate of Harvard University (1905), Bowman received his Ph.D. from Yale University (1909), where he taught from 1905 to 1915. His

JD Vance is the 50th vice president of the United States (2025– ) in the second administration of Republican Pres. Donald Trump (2025– ). Vance became widely known as the author of Hillbilly Elegy (2016), a best-selling memoir of his experiences growing up in “an Ohio steel town that has been

Scotty Bowman is a Canadian ice hockey coach and administrator who won a record nine Stanley Cups (1973, 1976–79, 1992, 1997–98, 2002) as a head coach in the National Hockey League (NHL). Bowman dreamed of skating in the NHL, but a severe head injury sustained in junior hockey ended his playing

Sir William Bowman, 1st Baronet was an English surgeon and histologist who discovered that urine is a by-product of the blood filtration that is carried on in the kidney. He also made important discoveries concerning the structure and function of the eye and of striated muscle. Upon his appointment

In 1989 Thea Bowman was a keynote speaker at a semiannual conference of U.S. Roman Catholic bishops. The topic of her address, on what it means to be Black and Catholic, drew upon her experience as a convert to Roman Catholicism and as the only Black American member of her religious congregation,

In 1989 Thea Bowman was a keynote speaker at a semiannual conference of U.S. Roman Catholic bishops. The topic of her address, on what it means to be Black and Catholic, drew upon her experience as a convert to Roman Catholicism and as the only Black American member of her religious congregation,

Valerie Jarrett is an American lawyer, businesswoman, and politician who was a senior adviser (2009–17) to U.S. Pres. Barack Obama. Bowman was born in Iran and spent much of her childhood traveling abroad, as her father was a physician who assisted developing countries in establishing health care

Scotty Bowman is a Canadian ice hockey coach and administrator who won a record nine Stanley Cups (1973, 1976–79, 1992, 1997–98, 2002) as a head coach in the National Hockey League (NHL). Bowman dreamed of skating in the NHL, but a severe head injury sustained in junior hockey ended his playing

personalism: Borden Parker Bowne, who made Boston University the citadel of personalism, was explicitly theistic, holding that men are creatures of God with many dimensions—moral, religious, emotional, logical—each worthy of consideration in its own right and each reflecting the rationality of the creator. Nature, too, for…

Bowning orogeny, mountain-building event in eastern Australia in Late Silurian time (the Silurian Period began 443.7 million years ago and ended 416 million years ago). Of the several orogenic episodes to affect the Tasman Geosyncline, the Bowning orogeny was one of the severest. Plutonic

Bowral, town, eastern New South Wales, Australia. It is situated at the eastern edge of the Southern Highlands. Bowral, settled in 1825, bears an Aboriginal name meaning “large,” or “high.” It was proclaimed a town in 1863 and had become a fashionable resort for wealthy families of Sydney (60 miles

Bowring Treaty, (1855), agreement between Siam (Thailand) and Britain that achieved commercial and political aims that earlier British missions had failed to gain and opened up Siam to Western influence and trade. The treaty lifted many restrictions imposed by Thai kings on foreign trade. It set a

Sir John Bowring was an English author and diplomat who was prominent in many spheres of mid-Victorian public life. Bowring early became accomplished in many different languages while traveling abroad for commercial purposes. When the philosopher and economist Jeremy Bentham started the Westminster

Cariboo Mountains: Wells Gray and Bowron Lake provincial parks occupy the western slopes, where there is some lumbering and ranching in addition to mining.

Los Angeles: The 1920s and ’30s: …the election of reform mayor Fletcher Bowron in 1938.

bow and arrow: Bowstrings have exhibited an enormous range of variation in materials. The English longbow of the Middle Ages usually had a string of linen or hemp, but Turkish and Arab bows were strung with silk and mohair. Rattan, bamboo, vegetable fibre, and animal sinew or hide…

Dracaena: Major species: Iguanatail, or bowstring hemp (D. hyacinthoides, formerly S. hyacinthoides), has mottled leaves with light green bands and yellow edges; the greenish white fragrant flowers are borne in a tall cluster.

molding: Single curved: (6) A roll, or bowtell, molding is convex, approximating three-quarters of a circle. (7) An astragal is a small torus. (8) An apophyge molding is a small, exaggerated cavetto.

Osage orange, (Maclura pomifera), thorny tree or shrub native to the south-central United States, the only species of its genus in the family Moraceae. The Osage orange is often trained as a hedge; when planted in rows along a boundary, it forms an effective spiny barrier. The tree also serves as a

box, In botany, an evergreen shrub or small tree (genus Buxus) of the box family (Buxaceae), best known for the ornamental and useful boxwoods. The family comprises seven genera of trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants, native to North America, Europe, North Africa, and Asia. The plants bear male

caisson: A box caisson, open at the top and closed at the bottom, is usually constructed on land, then launched, floated to position, and sunk onto a previously prepared foundation, leaving its upper edge above water level. It serves as a suitable shell for a pier, seawall,…

solar oven: Types of solar ovens: …designs are as follows:

coal mining: Area strip mining: …with a trench or “box cut” made through the overburden to expose a portion of the coal seam. This trench is extended to the limits of the property in the strike direction. After coal removal, a second cut is made parallel to the first one, and the overburden material…

box elder, (Acer negundo), hardy and fast-growing tree, of the soapberry family (Sapindaceae), native to the central and eastern United States. Introduced to Europe, it is widely cultivated there as an ornamental. The tree grows to 9–15 m (30–50 feet) tall. The compound leaves (rare among maples)

boxwood, (family Buxaceae), any of the plants in the family Buxaceae (order Buxales), best known for the ornamental and useful boxwoods. The boxwood family comprises five genera of trees, shrubs, and herbs and is native to North America, Europe, North Africa, and Asia. Flowers are small, unisexual,

box frame construction, method of building with concrete in which individual cells, or rooms, are set horizontally and vertically together to create an overall structural frame. Because the main weight of the building is carried through the cross walls, they must be sufficiently thick to carry

Carol Shields: …novels, Small Ceremonies (1976) and The Box Garden (1977), are interconnected, concerning the choices made by two sisters. In Happenstance (1980) and A Fairly Conventional Woman (1982), Shields used overlapping narratives to escape the strictures of straightforward narrative told from a single perspective. Marketed in Canada as a crime drama,…

harbours and sea works: Entrances: …the sliding caisson and the flap gate, or box gate, are perhaps the most popular. The sliding caisson is usually housed in a recess, or camber, at the side of the entrance and can be drawn aside or hauled across with winch and wire rope gear to open and close…

bridge: Beam bridges: …in the form of plate girders. A plate girder is an I beam consisting of separate top and bottom flanges welded or bolted to a vertical web. While beams for short spans are usually of a constant depth, beams for longer spans are often haunched—that is, deeper at the supports…

huckleberry: Major species: Box huckleberry (G. brachycera), native to the eastern and central United States, can form huge clones, some of which are thousands of years old, by vegetative reproduction.

box jellyfish, (class Cubozoa), any cnidarian (or coelenterate) belonging to the class Cubozoa. The class is made up of approximately 50 species, which are known for their semitransparent box-shaped bell and the toxic venom produced by some species. Box jellyfish live in warm coastal marine waters

Lawrence Hargrave: …of the cellular kite, or box kite, as it is now known.

box lacrosse, game, a variant of lacrosse played principally in Canada during the spring and autumn and occasionally during the summer. There are 6 players on a side instead of the usual 10 (men) or 12 (women). Maximum field dimensions are 200 by 90 feet (about 60 by 27 m), with a goal 4 12 feet

lyre: Box lyres are instruments having a boxlike wooden body with a wooden soundboard; in some instances the arms are hollow extensions of the body, as in the ancient Greek kithara. Bowl lyres have a rounded body with a curved back—often of tortoiseshell—and a skin belly;…

The Box Man, avant-garde satiric novel by Abe Kōbō, published in Japanese in 1973 as Hako otoko. A bizarre commentary on contemporary society, The Box Man concerns a man who relinquishes normal life to live in a “waterproof room,” a cardboard box that he wears on his back. Like a medieval Buddhist

nail: A box nail is similar to a common nail but has a slimmer shank and is used on lighter pieces of wood and on boxes. A casing nail is similar to a finishing nail but has a slightly thicker shaft and a cone-shaped head. Nails smaller…

Sam Rockwell: …an eccentric free spirit in Box of Moonlight (1996) that first gained him widespread attention. He later had starring roles in such independent films as Lawn Dogs (1997) and Safe Men (1998), and he appeared in a small part in a minor Woody Allen movie (Celebrity, 1998). Rockwell then landed…

IMDb: One was Box Office Mojo, a Web site founded in 1999 that parses Hollywood box-office grosses in great detail. The other was Withoutabox, founded in 2000 as an electronic interface between film festivals in search of films and filmmakers in search of audiences. Like many other Web…

box-and-whisker plot, graph that summarizes numerical data based on quartiles, which divide a data set into fourths. The box-and-whisker plot is useful for revealing the central tendency and variability of a data set, the distribution (particularly symmetry or skewness) of the data, and the

box set, in Western theatre, realistically detailed, three-walled, roofed setting that simulates a room with the fourth wall (the one closest to the audience) removed. Authentic details include doors with three-dimensional moldings, windows backed with outdoor scenery, stairways, and, at times,

blue-eyed soul: Louis, Missouri; the Box Tops, from Memphis, Tennessee; and Mitch Ryder and the Detroit Wheels, from Detroit, Michigan. Other performers who were regarded as blue-eyed soul singers included Laura Nyro in the 1960s, Robert Palmer and the Average White Band in the 1970s, and in the 21st…

Isambard Kingdom Brunel: …notable railway works were the Box Tunnel and the Maidenhead Railway Bridge, and his last were the Chepstow and Saltash (Royal Albert) bridges, all in England. The Maidenhead Railway Bridge had the flattest brick arch in the world. Brunel’s use of a compressed-air caisson to sink the pier foundations for…

box turtle, any of two groups, Asian and North American, of terrestrial and semiaquatic turtles. Box turtles have a high, rounded upper shell (carapace), a flattened bottom shell (plastron) with a transverse hinge, and ligamentous connections (instead of the bony bridge typical of most turtles)

wrench: Box-end wrenches have ends that enclose the nut and have 6, 8, 12, or 16 points inside the head. A wrench with 12 points is used on either a hexagonal or a square nut; the 8- and 16-point wrenches are used on square members. Because…

stringed instrument: Zithers: The typical box zither is a rectangular or, more often, trapezoid-shaped hollow box, with strings that are either struck with light hammers or plucked. Examples of the former are the Persian sanṭūr and its Chinese derivative, the yangqin (“foreign zither”); the cimbalom of east-central Europe; and the…

Nick Park: …won for Park and codirector Steve Box the 2006 Academy Award for best animated feature film. In 2007 Shaun the Sheep, a series of animated shorts cowritten and coproduced by Park, debuted on the BBC. Park later directed the feature film Early Man (2018), about Neanderthals; he also voiced one…

box-and-whisker plot, graph that summarizes numerical data based on quartiles, which divide a data set into fourths. The box-and-whisker plot is useful for revealing the central tendency and variability of a data set, the distribution (particularly symmetry or skewness) of the data, and the

coreid bug: The box-elder bug (Boisea trivittatus) is dark brown with three longitudinal red lines on the thorax and red veins in the first pair of wings. These coreid bugs feed mostly on box-elder trees. They pass the winter in groups in some dry spot, such as under…

wrench: Box-end wrenches have ends that enclose the nut and have 6, 8, 12, or 16 points inside the head. A wrench with 12 points is used on either a hexagonal or a square nut; the 8- and 16-point wrenches are used on square members. Because…

statistics: Time series and forecasting: …methods of forecasting are the Box-Jenkins autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and econometric models.

freight car: Boxcars are enclosed cars with sliding doors on the sides; they serve to transport manufactured goods requiring protection from the weather and pilferage. Certain types of boxcars, known as refrigerator cars, are heavily insulated and specially cooled to convey fresh or frozen foods over long…

Martin Scorsese: Films of the 1970s: Mean Streets, Taxi Driver, and New York, New York: …Corman invited him to direct Boxcar Bertha (1972). Scorsese made the most of the opportunity with an exciting if ultimately empty yarn about train robbers (Barbara Hershey, David Carradine, and Bernie Casey) wreaking havoc in the Depression-era South.

savate, French sport of fighting by kicking, practiced from the early 19th century. It occurred mainly among the lower orders of Parisian society. When savate died out, its more skillful elements were combined with those of English bare-knuckle pugilism to produce la boxe française. The name savate

Boxer, smooth-haired working dog named for its manner of “boxing” with its sturdy front paws when fighting. The Boxer, developed in Germany but with roots traceable to ancient Assyria, includes strains of Bulldog and Great Dane in its heritage. Historically, the dog was a big-game hunter. “In