Boxer Rebellion: “Boxers” was a name that foreigners gave to a Chinese secret society known as the Yihequan (“Righteous and Harmonious Fists”). The group practiced certain boxing and calisthenic rituals in the belief that this made them invulnerable. It was thought to be an offshoot of the…

Boxer, smooth-haired working dog named for its manner of “boxing” with its sturdy front paws when fighting. The Boxer, developed in Germany but with roots traceable to ancient Assyria, includes strains of Bulldog and Great Dane in its heritage. Historically, the dog was a big-game hunter. “In

unequal treaty: The Boxer Protocol, signed in 1901 following China’s unsuccessful attempt to expel all foreigners from the country during the Boxer Rebellion (1900), provided for the stationing of foreign troops at key points between Beijing and the sea.

Boxer Rebellion, officially supported peasant uprising of 1900 that attempted to drive all foreigners from China. “Boxers” was a name that foreigners gave to a Chinese secret society known as the Yihequan (“Righteous and Harmonious Fists”). The group practiced certain boxing and calisthenic rituals

Barbara Boxer is an American politician whose ardent support for myriad progressive causes, including environmentalism and reproductive rights, while representing California as a Democrat in the U.S. House of Representatives (1983–93) and Senate (1993–2017) contributed to her reputation as one of

Mark Boxer was a British magazine and newspaper editor and cartoonist known for his political and social caricatures and single-frame “pocket cartoons” that often satirized the British upper-middle class. Boxer was briefly expelled from King’s College, Cambridge, when he published an irreverent

Mark Boxer was a British magazine and newspaper editor and cartoonist known for his political and social caricatures and single-frame “pocket cartoons” that often satirized the British upper-middle class. Boxer was briefly expelled from King’s College, Cambridge, when he published an irreverent

Paul Simon: Simon and Garfunkel: …song from this period, “The Boxer” (1969), is the streamlined dramatic monologue of a down-and-out prizefighter.

Apollonius The Athenian: …the Vatican, and the bronze “Boxer,” now in the Museo Nazionale Romano of Rome. At one time these sculptures were thought to be 1st-century originals. Now it is believed they are fine 1st-century copies of original 2nd-century works; although the inscriptions are datable to the 1st century, the style of…

boxfish, any of a small group of shallow-water marine fishes of the family Ostraciontidae (or Ostraciidae), distinguished by a hard, boxlike, protective carapace covering most of the body. The alternative name cowfish refers to the hornlike projections on the heads of some species. The members of

Boxhole Meteorite Crater, meteorite crater formed in alluvium near Boxhole Homestead, Northern Territory, central Australia. It is situated 155 miles (250 km) northeast of the Henbury meteorite craters. The bowl-shaped crater, discovered in 1937, is 583 feet (178 m) in diameter and 53 feet (16 m)

boxing, sport, both amateur and professional, involving attack and defense with the fists. Boxers usually wear padded gloves and generally observe the code set forth in the marquess of Queensberry rules. Matched in weight and ability, boxing contestants try to land blows hard and often with their

Boxing Day, in Great Britain and some Commonwealth countries, particularly Australia, Canada, and New Zealand, holiday (December 26) on which servants, tradespeople, and the poor traditionally were presented with gifts. By the 21st century it had become a day associated with shopping and sporting

St. Stephen’s Day, the name for either of two holidays that are observed in honor of two Christian saints, both of whom are named Stephen. In many countries December 26 commemorates the life of St. Stephen, a Christian deacon in Jerusalem who is believed to have been the first Christian martyr (he

boxing: Early years: …evidence of the use of gloves or hand coverings in boxing is a carved vase from Minoan Crete (c. 1500 bce) that shows helmeted boxers wearing a stiff plate strapped to the fist.

Alexander Archipenko: …means: in works such as Boxing Match (1913), he conveyed the raw, brutal energy of the sport in nonrepresentational, machinelike cubic and ovoid forms. About 1912, inspired by the Cubist collages of Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso, Archipenko introduced the concept of collage in sculpture in his famous Medrano series,…

boxing: Prizes and awards: …given out annually by the Boxing Writers Association of America (BWAA) are also among the most prestigious in boxing. Since 1938 the organization has designated a Fighter of the Year. Muhammad Ali, Joe Frazier, Sugar Ray Leonard, Evander Holyfield, and Manny Pacquiao have been so honoured three times. Other BWAA…

box lacrosse, game, a variant of lacrosse played principally in Canada during the spring and autumn and occasionally during the summer. There are 6 players on a side instead of the usual 10 (men) or 12 (women). Maximum field dimensions are 200 by 90 feet (about 60 by 27 m), with a goal 4 12 feet

Billy Bob Thornton: Music: …of the country rock band the Boxmasters, which released its eponymous debut album in 2008 and additional recordings thereafter.

box-and-whisker plot, graph that summarizes numerical data based on quartiles, which divide a data set into fourths. The box-and-whisker plot is useful for revealing the central tendency and variability of a data set, the distribution (particularly symmetry or skewness) of the data, and the

Toni Collette: …Happiness, and the animated romp The Boxtrolls. Colette then starred as the cancer-stricken best friend of Drew Barrymore’s character in the sentimental drama Miss You Already (2015) and as the mother of a family threatened by a demon during the holidays in the horror comedy Krampus (2015). She appeared in…

boxwood, (family Buxaceae), any of the plants in the family Buxaceae (order Buxales), best known for the ornamental and useful boxwoods. The boxwood family comprises five genera of trees, shrubs, and herbs and is native to North America, Europe, North Africa, and Asia. Flowers are small, unisexual,

boxwood, hard, heavy, fine-grained wood, usually white or light yellow, that is obtained from the common box (Buxus sempervirens) and other small trees of the genus Buxus. Boxwood also refers to many other woods with a similar density and grain, such as West Indian boxwood, a North American lumber

boxwood, (family Buxaceae), any of the plants in the family Buxaceae (order Buxales), best known for the ornamental and useful boxwoods. The boxwood family comprises five genera of trees, shrubs, and herbs and is native to North America, Europe, North Africa, and Asia. Flowers are small, unisexual,

Buxales, the boxwood order of dicotyledonous flowering plants, comprising Buxaceae (90–120 species in five genera) and the small taxonomically contentious family Haptanthaceae (one species in one genus). Buxales belongs to a group of plants known as peripheral eudicots, together with Proteales,

boxwork, in geology, honeycomb pattern of limonite (a mixture of hydrous iron and manganese oxide minerals) that remains in the cavity after a sulfide mineral grain has dissolved. The boxwork may be spongelike, triangular, pyramidal, diamondlike, or irregular in shape and may be coloured various

Polish literature: Literature in independent Poland: Tadeusz Żeleński (pseudonym Boy), witty, irreverent, and widely read, was a leading literary critic and one of Poland’s best interpreters of French literature. The essay form was represented by Jan Parandowski, whose main theme was the classical culture of Greece and Rome. A subversive attack…

Taika Waititi: Flight of the Conchords and What We Do in the Shadows: Waititi later wrote and directed Boy (2010). Set in a Māori town on the east coast of New Zealand in 1984, it tells the story of an 11-year-old (James Rolleston) who is being raised by his grandmother and has heroic fantasies about his absent father (Waititi). When the father unexpectedly…

Andrew Garfield: Television and film roles: …Garfield starred in the movie Boy A (2007) as a young man recently released from prison for committing murder when he was a juvenile. His performance garnered him a BAFTA Award for best actor. About the same time, Garfield broke into Hollywood feature films, appearing in the ensemble drama Lions…

Sir Sidney Nolan: …greatly simplified abstractions, such as Boy and the Moon (1940)—a splash of yellow against a raw blue background—incited controversy among visitors to his Melbourne studio. He designed sets and costumes for a Sydney production of Serge Lifar’s ballet Icarus in 1940.

John Boyne: …& Then Leave (2013), and The Boy at the Top of the Mountain (2015). His other works for adult audiences include The Congress of Rough Riders (2001), The House of Special Purpose (2009), A History of Loneliness (2014), and A Ladder to the Sky (2018).

boy band, in popular music, a vocal group made up of young male performers whose music is geared toward teenage and preteen music fans, especially girls. Vocal harmonies and choreography are important elements of their music and performances, although some boy bands have also played their own

boy bishop, boy chosen to act as bishop in connection with the Feast of the Holy Innocents on December 28, in a custom widespread in Europe during the Middle Ages. In England, where the practice was most popular, a boy bishop was elected on December 6—the feast of St. Nicholas, the patron of

Elisabeth Bergner: … wrote his last play (The Boy David; 1936) especially for Bergner, and she enjoyed a two-season run as Sally in Martin Vale’s The Two Mrs. Carrolls (1943). After the war she returned on tour to Germany and Austria on numerous occasions, and she became the first actress to win…

Russell Crowe: Later roles: The Nice Guys, The Loudest Voice, and Nuremberg: …gay conversion therapy program in Boy Erased (2018), which was based on a memoir of the same name (2016). In 2019 Crowe was cast as Roger Ailes, the founding president of the Fox News Channel, in the miniseries The Loudest Voice. He later appeared in the thriller Unhinged (2020), playing…

Ken Russell: Russell then made The Boy Friend (1971) and Savage Messiah (1972) before he again achieved a commercial success with Tommy (1975), a film based on a rock opera. His later films include Lisztomania (1975), Altered States (1980), Crimes of Passion (1984), Whore

Michael Curtiz: Last films of Michael Curtiz: …Brothers came in 1954 with The Boy from Oklahoma, which featured Will Rogers, Jr.

Hugh Jackman: Hollywood and Broadway stardom: …Allen in the biographical musical The Boy from Oz. For American filmgoers who were unfamiliar with his work in Oklahoma!, Jackman’s flamboyantly spot-on performance was a revelation, and it won him a Tony Award in 2004. His other Broadway credits include A Steady Rain (2009), The River (2014–15), and The…

Boy George is a British singer-songwriter, best known as the lead singer of the British new wave band Culture Club, which rose to fame in the early 1980s. Boy George, known for his androgynous appearance, with often flamboyant makeup and clothing, was a trailblazing icon of 1980s music and fashion.

Boy in a Red Waistcoat, an oil-on-canvas painting by Paul Cézanne created between 1888 and 1890, one of four oil paintings and two watercolors of this red-vested model. The work reflects the French painter’s distinctive style—a mix of Impressionism with Classicism and an intense

David Walliams: …he published his first novel, The Boy in the Dress, in 2008. The tale of a 12-year-old soccer player who likes to cross-dress combined compassion and gross-out jokes, and it was compared to the works of Roald Dahl. The Boy in the Dress quickly became a number one best seller…

John Boyne: …known for his novels, particularly The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas (2006), a story that takes place during the Holocaust and follows the friendship between a German boy and a Jewish boy who is a prisoner at the Auschwitz concentration camp. The novel was adapted into a movie titled The…

John Boyne: …adapted into a movie titled The Boy in the Striped Pajamas (2008).

A Boy Named Charlie Brown, American animated musical film, released in 1969, that was the first of several features based on Charles M. Schulz’s popular comic strip Peanuts. The story follows the ups and downs in the life of schoolchild and hapless everyman Charlie Brown; his irascible pet beagle,

Jennifer Lopez: Marriage to Marc Anthony and American Idol: …the thrillers Parker (2013) and The Boy Next Door (2015), she played, respectively, a divorced businesswoman who takes part in a heist and a woman who is drawn into a romance with a teenager who then begins stalking her. Lopez also provided voices for the animated films Ice Age: Continental…

Jean Negulesco: Millionaire and Three Coins: …Turner, Richard Burton, and MacMurray—and Boy on a Dolphin (1957), which starred Sophia Loren (in her first American film) as a sponge diver who discovers sunken treasure off the Greek isles. The Best of Everything (1959) was an entertaining drama about women working in New York City’s publishing world. It…

Daniel Beard: …Daniel Boone later became the Boy Pioneers of America, and in 1910 it was incorporated, along with other similar scouting groups, into the Boy Scouts of America. Beard served as the organization’s first national commissioner and was active in youth scouting until his death. He was the author of more…

Judith Leyster: …called The Happy Couple), and Boy Playing the Flute (c. 1635).

Boy Scouts, organization, originally for boys from 11 to 14 or 15 years of age, that aimed to develop in them good citizenship, chivalrous behaviour, and skill in various outdoor activities. The Boy Scout movement was founded in Great Britain in 1908 by a cavalry officer, Lieutenant General Robert

Daniel Beard: …similar scouting groups, into the Boy Scouts of America. Beard served as the organization’s first national commissioner and was active in youth scouting until his death. He was the author of more than 20 books on various aspects of scouting and served as an associate editor of Boys’ Life magazine.…

Boy Scouts of America v. Dale, legal case in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled (5–4) on June 28, 2000, that the Boy Scouts, a U.S. organization for boys, may exclude gay scoutmasters. The case originated when James Dale, an assistant scoutmaster in the Boy Scouts of America, was expelled from the

Adrien Brody: Summer of Sam and The Piano: …appeared in the independent film The Boy Who Cried Bitch (1991) and in Steven Soderbergh’s King of the Hill (1993). He took the part of a baseball player in Angels in the Outfield (1994) and starred in the unsuccessful drama Ten Benny (1995). In 1998 he was cast in Terrence…

Alan Ayckbourn: Doors (1995), Comic Potential (1999), The Boy Who Fell into a Book (2000), and the trilogy Damsels in Distress (2002). In 2002 he published a work of advice and instruction for aspiring playwrights and directors, The Crafty Art of Playmaking.

Tom Ripley: … (1970), Ripley’s Game (1974), and The Boy Who Followed Ripley (1980).

Chiwetel Ejiofor: 12 Years a Slave and other films of the 2010s: …directed his first feature-length film, The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind, in which he played the father of a boy trying to save his Malawian village from famine. The film, which was based on a true story, received wide acclaim, and Ejiofor won the NAACP 2020 Image Award for outstanding…

William Kamkwamba: …memoir about that accomplishment titled The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind (2009; with Bryan Mealer). Kamkwamba also helped build windmills to provide clean water for drinking and for running an irrigation system for crops.

the Who: …2006 Townshend serialized a novella, The Boy Who Heard Music, online, and a set of related songs constituted “Wire & Glass,” the mini-opera that made up part of Endless Wire (2006), which was the first album of new Who material since 1982. On it Townshend and Daltrey were supported by…

Boy with a Basket of Fruit, early oil painting by Italian artist Caravaggio, created about 1593. At the time of the painting, Caravaggio was an apprentice in the workshop of Mannerist artist Cavaliere D’Arpino in Rome. The model for the boy in the painting was Caravaggio’s friend, Sicilian painter

Christopher Fry: The Boy with a Cart (1950), a story of St. Cuthman, is a legend of miracles and faith in the style of the mystery plays. A Sleep of Prisoners (1951) and The Dark Is Light Enough (1954) explore religious themes. After many years of translating…

John Singleton Copley: In 1766, therefore, he exhibited A Boy with a Flying Squirrel (Henry Pelham) at the Society of Artists in London. It was highly praised both by Joshua Reynolds and by Benjamin West. Copley married in 1769. Although he was urged by fellow artists who were familiar with his work to…

Édouard Manet: Early life and works: There he painted The Boy with Cherries (c. 1858) before moving to another studio, where he painted The Absinthe Drinker (1859). In 1856 he made short trips to The Netherlands, Germany, and Italy. Meanwhile, at the Louvre he copied paintings by Titian and Diego Velázquez and in 1857…

BTS: Breaking records on YouTube: …for the lead single, “Boy with Luv,” drew 74.6 million views on YouTube within 24 hours of its release, breaking records on the platform. The group followed that success with the full-length album Map of the Soul: 7 (2020). The recording won wide acclaim and debuted at number one…

Golden Week: …Greenery Day (May 4), and Children’s Day (May 5).

Des Knaben Wunderhorn, (1805–08; German: “The Boy’s Magic Horn”), anthology of German folk songs, subtitled Alte deutsche Lieder (“Old German Songs”), that established its editors, the poet Clemens Brentano and the antiquarian Achim von Arnim (qq.v.), as leaders of the Romantic movement by reviving

baseball: Origin: The Boy’s Own Book (1828), a frequently reprinted book on English sports played by boys of the time, included in its second edition a chapter on the game of rounders. As described there, rounders had many resemblances to the modern game of baseball: it was…

Robert Frost: Move to London and publication of A Boy’s Will: …within a year had published A Boy’s Will (1913). From this first book,such poems as “Storm Fear,” “The Tuft of Flowers,” and “Mowing” became standard anthology pieces.

Phyllis Diller: …with him in three films—Boy, Did I Get a Wrong Number! (1966), Eight on the Lam (1967), and The Private Navy of Sgt. O’Farrell (1968)—and appeared in more than 20 of his TV specials.

Boyacá, departamento, east-central Colombia. The departamento consists of cool Andean uplands in the west, densely forested lower mountain slopes, and the great expanse of the Llanos (plains) in the east. It was established in 1886. Lake Tota in the uplands is a noted beauty spot. Boyacá has

Battle of Boyacá, (Aug. 7, 1819), in the wars for Latin American independence, encounter near Bogotá that resulted in a victory by South American insurgents over Spanish forces. It freed New Granada (Colombia) from Spanish control. A rebel army of about 3,000 men under generals Simón Bolívar and

Bulgaria: The arts of Bulgaria: …scenes of old Bulgarian towns; Zlatyo Boyadjiev, noted for his village portraits; and Ilya Petrov, who painted scenes and themes from Bulgarian history. After World War II, Socialist Realism dominated Bulgarian artistic circles. Its influence was seen in the broad historical themes that were adopted by artists in genres ranging…

boyar, member of the upper stratum of medieval Russian society and state administration. In Kievan Rus during the 10th–12th century, the boyars constituted the senior group in the prince’s retinue (druzhina) and occupied the higher posts in the armed forces and in the civil administration. They

boyar, member of the upper stratum of medieval Russian society and state administration. In Kievan Rus during the 10th–12th century, the boyars constituted the senior group in the prince’s retinue (druzhina) and occupied the higher posts in the armed forces and in the civil administration. They

Vasily Ivanovich Surikov: …Menshikov at Beryozovo, 1883; and The Boyarynya Morozova, 1887) stems from actual childhood impressions.

Olympic Games: Innsbruck, Austria, 1964: In Nordic skiing Klaudia Boyarskikh (U.S.S.R.) won all three women’s events, including the 5-km race, which debuted at the 1964 Games. Sisters Marielle and Christine Goitschel of France finished one-two in the slalom and giant slalom; Christine won the former and Marielle the latter. The 1964 Games saw…

Vasily Ivanovich Surikov: …Menshikov at Beryozovo, 1883; and The Boyarynya Morozova, 1887) stems from actual childhood impressions.

the Monkees: Tommy Boyce–Bobby Hart) remains 1960s pop at its tunefully rambunctious best, with the Neil Diamond-written, Dolenz-sung “I’m a Believer” standing as the group’s—certainly Dolenz’s and quite possibly Diamond’s—finest hour. From the late 1980s Dolenz, Jones, and Tork, occasionally joined by Nesmith but more often not,…

reaper: …was issued in England to Joseph Boyce in 1800. In the 1830s Jeremiah Bailey of the United States patented a mower-reaper, and Obed Hussey and Cyrus McCormick developed reapers with guards and reciprocating (back-and-forth-moving) cutting blades. Hussey was the first to obtain a patent (1833), but McCormick’s reaper had the…

William Boyce was one of the foremost English composers of church music, known also for his symphonies and stage music, and as an organist and musical editor. Boyce was a chorister and later a student of the organ at St. Paul’s Cathedral. His career as a composer was closely related to his many

boycott, collective and organized ostracism applied in labour, economic, political, or social relations to protest practices that are regarded as unfair. The boycott was popularized by Charles Stewart Parnell during the Irish land agitation of 1880 to protest high rents and land evictions. The term

Charles Cunningham Boycott was a retired British army captain who was an estate manager in Ireland during the agitation over the Irish land question. He is the eponym for the English verb and common noun boycott. After retiring from the army, in 1873 Boycott became agent for the 3rd earl of Erne’s

Boycott, Divestment, Sanctions, (BDS), decentralized Palestinian-led movement of nonviolent resistance to Israel’s treatment of Palestinians. The movement advocates punitive measures against the state of Israel, including boycotts, divestment, and economic sanctions. BDS initiatives demand an end

Shamokin, city, Northumberland county, east-central Pennsylvania, U.S. It lies along Shamokin Creek. Founded in 1835 by the coal speculators John C. Boyd and Ziba Bird, it was early known as Boyd’s Stone-coal Quarry, Boydtown, and New Town. The present name, selected by Boyd, is a derivation of one

Arthur Boyd was an Australian painter and ceramic pottery maker. His best-known works included impressionistic paintings of the Australian bush, or countryside, and expressionistic depictions of the maimed and dispossessed. Boyd’s work often dealt with humanitarian issues as well as themes of love,

Belle Boyd was a spy for the Confederacy during the American Civil War and later an actress and lecturer. Boyd attended Mount Washington Female College in Baltimore, Maryland, from 1856 to 1860. In Martinsburg, Virginia, at the outbreak of the Civil War, she joined in fund-raising activities on

Evelyn Granville was an American mathematician who was one of the first African American women to receive a doctoral degree in mathematics. Boyd received an undergraduate degree in mathematics and physics from Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, in 1945. She received a doctoral degree in

Harriet Ann Boyd Hawes was an American archaeologist who gained renown for her discoveries of ancient remains in Crete. Harriet Boyd graduated from Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, in 1892; thereafter she taught ancient and modern languages for four years, first as a private tutor in

Belle Boyd was a spy for the Confederacy during the American Civil War and later an actress and lecturer. Boyd attended Mount Washington Female College in Baltimore, Maryland, from 1856 to 1860. In Martinsburg, Virginia, at the outbreak of the Civil War, she joined in fund-raising activities on

children’s literature: Peaks and plateaus (1865–1940): Wyeth’s illustrations), by James Boyd, and The Trumpeter of Kracow (1928), by Eric Kelly. The “junior novel” came to the fore in the following decade, together with an increase in books about foreign lands, minority groups, and a boom in elaborate picture books. Children’s verse was well served…

Nick Drake: …by Fairport Convention’s renowned producer, Joe Boyd, juxtaposed gentle melodies and subtle melancholy lyrics. Featuring members of Fairport Convention and again produced by Boyd, Drake’s next album, Bryter Later (1970), revealed a more lush and buoyant sound.

Martin Boyd was an Anglo-Australian novelist, best known for The Montforts (1928), a novel noted for its vigorous and humorous characterizations. Boyd spent his childhood in Victoria, Australia, was educated in Melbourne, then travelled to England, where he served during World War I. After the war

Martin Boyd was an Anglo-Australian novelist, best known for The Montforts (1928), a novel noted for its vigorous and humorous characterizations. Boyd spent his childhood in Victoria, Australia, was educated in Melbourne, then travelled to England, where he served during World War I. After the war

Royal Shakespeare Company: …directors 1978–86), Adrian Noble (1991–2003), Michael Boyd (2003–12), and Gregory Doran (2013–22). In 2023 Daniel Evans and Tamara Harvey became co-artistic directors.

Edna St. Vincent Millay was an American poet and dramatist who came to personify romantic rebellion and bravado in the 1920s. Millay was reared in Camden, Maine, by her divorced mother, who recognized and encouraged her talent in writing poetry. Her first published poem appeared in the St. Nicholas

Eric Clapton: …having raped his former wife Pattie Boyd in the 1970s, when he was addicted to drugs and alcohol. In other interviews and in his memoir, Clapton also faulted his addictions for his racist rant at a 1976 concert in Birmingham, England. He was documented at the time as having used…

Robert Boyd, 1st Lord Boyd was a Scottish statesman during the reign of James III. He was a son of Sir Thomas Boyd (d. 1439) and belonged to an old and distinguished family, one member of which, Sir Robert Boyd, had fought with William Wallace and Robert de Bruce. Boyd, who was created a peer, Lord

Robert Boyd, 1st Lord Boyd was a Scottish statesman during the reign of James III. He was a son of Sir Thomas Boyd (d. 1439) and belonged to an old and distinguished family, one member of which, Sir Robert Boyd, had fought with William Wallace and Robert de Bruce. Boyd, who was created a peer, Lord

Ben-Hur: …his boyhood friend Messala (Stephen Boyd), who is now a Roman tribune exerting great control over Jerusalem. The two men enjoy reliving old times, but when Messala asks Ben-Hur to help stem the increasing number of protests by Jews against Roman rule, Ben-Hur declines. The resulting rift boils over…

William Boyd was an American motion-picture and television actor who was best known for his portrayal of Hopalong Cassidy in a series of western films. Although born in Ohio, he grew up (from the age of 7) in Oklahoma and attended school only until he was 13. Thereafter, he held many odd jobs

John Boyd Orr, Baron Boyd-Orr of Brechin Mearns was a Scottish scientist and authority on nutrition, winner of the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1949. Boyd-Orr received a scholarship to attend the University of Glasgow, where he enrolled in a teacher-training program and was a student of theology. As

William Woodward: …foals to his English trainer Cecil Boyd-Rochfort. Among his winners in the English classic races were Boswell, 1936, the Saint Leger; Black Tarquin, 1948, the Saint Leger; Hycilla, 1944, the Oaks; and Flares, 1938, the Ascot Gold Cup.