Internet & Communication, FIE-GOO
The development of the World Wide Web had a massive impact on the ways in which people interact and communicate, ultimately paving the way for the heavily interconnected world that we live in today. Although Internet communication dominates in many spheres of life, other means of communication remain no less important.
Internet & Communication Encyclopedia Articles By Title
Fields, Mary
Mary Fields was an American pioneer who was the first African American woman to become a U.S. postal service star......
filter
filter, in photography, device used to selectively modify the component wavelengths of mixed (e.g., white) light......
Fink, Theodore
Theodore Fink was an Australian politician and publisher, noted for his interests in education. Fink was brought......
Firefox
Firefox, free open-source Web browser created by the American software company Mozilla Corporation. In 1998 the......
firewall
firewall, type of system used to monitor connections between computer networks. One of the earliest responses to......
FireWire
FireWire, high-speed computer data-transfer interface that was used to connect personal computers, audio and video......
flash lamp
flash lamp, any of several devices that produce brief, intense emissions of light useful in photography and in......
flash memory
flash memory, data-storage medium used with computers and other electronic devices. Unlike previous forms of data......
flashbulb
flashbulb, one-time light bulb giving a single bright burst of light, used in photography. See flash...
flashtube
flashtube, electric discharge lamp giving a very bright, very brief burst of light, useful in photography and engineering.......
flatbed press
flatbed press, printing press employing a flat surface for the type or plates against which paper is pressed, either......
flexography
flexography, form of rotary printing in which ink is applied to various surfaces by means of flexible rubber (or......
Flickr
Flickr, photo- and video-sharing website owned by SmugMug and headquartered in San Francisco. Ad-supported and......
flight recorder
flight recorder, instrument that records the performance and condition of an aircraft in flight. Governmental regulatory......
floppy disk
floppy disk, magnetic storage medium used with late 20th-century computers. Floppy disks were popular from the......
fluorescence photography
fluorescence photography, process that records the glow or visible light given off by certain substances when they......
flutter and wow
flutter and wow, in sound reproduction, waver in a reproduced tone or group of tones that is caused by irregularities......
Foley artist
Foley artist, in motion pictures, a specialist in sound effects who creates unique sounds to accompany specific......
font
font, assortment or set of type (alphanumeric characters used for printing), all of one coherent style. Before......
Forbes family
Forbes family, U.S. publishing family. Bertie Charles Forbes (1880–1954) emigrated from Scotland to the U.S. in......
Forbes, Malcolm S.
Malcolm S. Forbes was an American business leader, owner-publisher of Forbes magazine, and promoter of capitalism......
Forbes, Steve
Steve Forbes is an American publishing executive who twice sought the Republican Party’s presidential nomination......
Forché, Carolyn
Carolyn Forché is an American poet whose concern for human rights is reflected in her writing, especially in the......
Ford, Ford Madox
Ford Madox Ford was an English novelist, editor, and critic, an international influence in early 20th-century literature.......
Forster, John
John Forster was a writer and journalist, a notable figure in mid-19th-century literary London who, through his......
FORTRAN
FORTRAN, computer programming language created in 1957 by John Backus that shortened the process of programming......
Fortune, T. Thomas
T. Thomas Fortune was the leading black American journalist of the late 19th century. The son of slaves, Fortune......
fossil record
fossil record, history of life as documented by fossils, the remains or imprints of organisms from earlier geological......
Foulis, Robert
Robert Foulis was a Scottish printer whose work had considerable influence on the bookmakers of his time. Foulis......
four-colour map problem
four-colour map problem, problem in topology, originally posed in the early 1850s and not solved until 1976, that......
fourth-generation language
fourth-generation language (4GL), computer programming language that is intended to be easier for users than machine......
Frank, Otto
Otto Frank was a German-born merchant best known as the father of Anne Frank, whose diary, published after her......
franking
franking, term used for the right of sending letters or postal packages free of charge. The word is derived from......
free newspapers
Free newspapers are fully financed through advertising and are, therefore, available for audiences free of charge.......
free software
free software, principle supporting the freedom of users to fully control their software. Software is considered......
free-net
free-net, network of community-based bulletin-board systems (BBSs) that, beginning in 1994, made online public......
freeware
freeware, software that is typically proprietary and is offered at no cost to users. Its legal use is dictated......
frequency distribution
frequency distribution, in statistics, a graph or data set organized to show the frequency of occurrence of each......
frequency modulation
frequency modulation, (FM), variation of the frequency of a carrier wave in accordance with the characteristics......
Friis, Janus
Janus Friis is a Danish e-commerce entrepreneur who, with Niklas Zennström, created various Internet businesses,......
Fritzsche, Hans
Hans Fritzsche was a German journalist and broadcaster, a member of the Nazi propaganda ministry, whose nightly......
Froben, Johann
Johann Froben was the most famous of the Basel scholar-printers, whose professional innovations revolutionized......
Fréron, Louis
Louis Fréron was a journalist of the French Revolution and leader of the jeunesse dorée (“gilded youth”) who terrorized......
FTP
FTP, computer application used in the late 20th and early 21st centuries to transfer files from one computer to......
Fuentes, Carlos
Carlos Fuentes was a Mexican novelist, short-story writer, playwright, critic, and diplomat whose experimental......
Fujitsu Limited
Fujitsu Limited, Japanese electronics, computers, information technology, and telecommunications company, with......
Funk, Isaac Kauffman
Isaac Kauffman Funk was an American publisher who was also a Lutheran minister, religious journalist, Prohibition......
Fust, Johann
Johann Fust was an early German printer, financial backer of Johann Gutenberg (the inventor of printing in Europe),......
Gabrieli, Giovanni
Giovanni Gabrieli was an Italian Renaissance composer, organist, and teacher, celebrated for his sacred music,......
Gaines, William Maxwell
William Maxwell Gaines was an American publisher who launched Mad magazine (1952), an irreverent monthly with humorous......
Gainza Paz, Alberto
Alberto Gainza Paz was the editor of the influential Buenos Aires daily La Prensa whose opposition to dictator......
Galili, Yisrael
Yisrael Galili was a Russian-born political commander of the Haganah, Israel’s preindependence defense force. When......
Gallimard, Gaston
Gaston Gallimard was a French publisher whose firm was one of the most influential publishing houses of the 20th......
Gannett Co., Inc.
Gannett Co., Inc., one of the largest newspaper publishers in the United States, with interests in newspaper Web......
Gannett, Frank Ernest
Frank Ernest Gannett was an American publisher who established a major chain of daily newspapers in small and medium-sized......
Garnett, Edward
Edward Garnett was an influential English critic and publisher’s reader who discovered, advised, and tutored many......
Garrison, William Lloyd
William Lloyd Garrison was an American journalistic crusader who published a newspaper, The Liberator (1831–65),......
Gasprinski, Ismail
Ismail Gasprinski was a journalist and writer who was an advocate of pan-Turkism and whose writings significantly......
Gates, Bill
Bill Gates (born October 28, 1955, Seattle, Washington) is an American computer programmer and entrepreneur who......
gazette
gazette, originally, a newssheet containing an abstract of current events, the forerunner of the modern newspaper.......
Geertz, Clifford
Clifford Geertz was an American cultural anthropologist, a leading rhetorician and proponent of symbolic anthropology......
gelatin process
gelatin process, photographic process in which gelatin is used as the dispersing vehicle for the light-sensitive......
gender symbol
gender symbol, visual signifier of an individual’s self-conception as male or female, as some combination thereof,......
genetic algorithm
genetic algorithm, in artificial intelligence, a type of evolutionary computer algorithm in which symbols (often......
Gentile, Giovanni
Giovanni Gentile was a major figure in Italian idealist philosophy as well as a politician, educator, and editor.......
George Philip and Son
George Philip and Son, British publishing house, one of the oldest in the United Kingdom, located in London. The......
Gerlach, Helmut von
Helmut von Gerlach was a German pacifist journalist and politician, a consistent opponent of German nationalism,......
Gerlach, Ludwig von
Ludwig von Gerlach was a Prussian judge, politician, and editor who helped found the conservative newspaper Kreuzzeitung......
Gernsback, Hugo
Hugo Gernsback was an American inventor and publisher who was largely responsible for the establishment of science......
Gezelle, Guido
Guido Gezelle was a Flemish priest and poet who was one of the masters of 19th-century European lyric poetry. Gezelle......
GIF
GIF, digital file format devised in 1987 by the Internet service provider CompuServe as a means of reducing the......
Gifford, William
William Gifford was an English satirical poet, classical scholar, and early editor of 17th-century English playwrights,......
Gilder, Jeannette Leonard
Jeannette Leonard Gilder was an American editor and writer, a prolific and influential figure in popular journalism,......
Gill, John
John Gill was a patriot and publisher who was a leading advocate of American colonial independence from Britain.......
Gillott, Jacky
Jacky Gillott was a British novelist and broadcaster who was one of Britain’s first woman television reporters.......
Gilman, Caroline Howard
Caroline Howard Gilman was a popular American writer and publisher, much of whose work reflected her conviction......
Girardin, Émile de
Émile de Girardin was a popular French journalist, called the Napoleon of the press for his success in publishing......
Girodias, Maurice
Maurice Girodias was a French publisher of banned books, including many classics of modern literature. As a young......
GIS
GIS, computer system for performing geographical analysis. GIS has four interactive components: an input subsystem......
Git
Git, open-source distributed version control system (DVCS) created by Linux developer Linus Torvalds in 2005. As......
Gita Press
Gita Press, Hinduism’s largest printer, publisher, and distributor of religious literature. Envisaged as the Hindu......
GitHub
GitHub, open-source software development reference platform that allows users to share, edit, and store their programming......
global village
The global village is a phrase that is closely associated with the Canadian media theorist Marshall McLuhan. In......
globalization, Cultural
Cultural globalization, phenomenon by which the experience of everyday life, as influenced by the diffusion of......
globe
globe, the most common general-use model of spherical Earth. It is a sphere or ball that bears a map of the Earth......
Glossary of Jane Austen Terms
“Mr. Bingley was good-looking and gentlemanlike: he had a pleasant countenance, and easy, unaffected manners.”......
Gmail
Gmail, free e-mail service offered by the American search engine company Google Inc. Google began offering Web-based......
Go
Go, open-source programming language known for its simplicity and speed. Development of Go began in 2007 with the......
Goddard, Mary Katharine
Mary Katharine Goddard was an early American printer and publisher who was also probably the first woman postmaster......
Godkin, E.L.
E. L. Godkin was an Anglo-American editor and founder of The Nation, a news and opinion magazine. After graduating......
Goenka, Ramnath
Ramnath Goenka was an Indian newspaper publisher and crusader against government corruption. Goenka was born in......
Gold, Horace L.
Horace L. Gold was a Canadian-born American science fiction editor and author who, as founder and editor of the......
Goldmark, Peter Carl
Peter Carl Goldmark was an American engineer who developed the first commercial colour-television system and the......
Goldschmidt, Meïr Aron
Meïr Aron Goldschmidt was a Danish writer of Jewish descent whose work foreshadowed later Realism. Goldschmidt......
Gollancz, Sir Victor
Sir Victor Gollancz was a British publisher, writer, and humanitarian who championed such causes as socialism and......
Goodenough, John B.
John B. Goodenough was an American physicist who won the 2019 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his work on developing......
Goodman, Amy
Amy Goodman is an American journalist, columnist, and author, best known as the cofounder and host of Democracy......
Goodrich, Samuel Griswold
Samuel Griswold Goodrich was an American publisher and author of children’s books under the pseudonym of Peter......
Google
Google is an American search engine company, founded in 1998 by Sergey Brin and Larry Page. Since 2015, Google......
Google Earth
Google Earth, mapping service produced by the American search engine company Google. Google Earth allows users......