Internet & Communication, HU -KIN
The development of the World Wide Web had a massive impact on the ways in which people interact and communicate, ultimately paving the way for the heavily interconnected world that we live in today. Although Internet communication dominates in many spheres of life, other means of communication remain no less important.
Internet & Communication Encyclopedia Articles By Title
Hu Shuli
Hu Shuli is a Chinese journalist and editor who cofounded Caijing (1998), the preeminent business magazine in China.......
Huawei
Huawei is a Chinese multinational technology company headquartered in Shenzhen, China. Founded in 1987 by Ren Zhengfei,......
Hubbard, Elbert
Elbert Hubbard was an American editor, publisher, and author of the moralistic essay “A Message to Garcia.” A freelance......
Huffington, Arianna
Arianna Huffington is a Greek American author and commentator, best known for creating The Huffington Post, a popular......
HuffPost
HuffPost, American liberal Web site that offers news and commentary. It was founded in May 2005 by political activist......
Hughes Electronics Corporation
Hughes Electronics Corporation, American provider of wireless telecommunication services and formerly a leading......
Hughes, David
David Hughes was an Anglo-American inventor of the carbon microphone, which was important to the development of......
Hughes, John
John Hughes was the first Roman Catholic archbishop of New York, who became one of the foremost American Roman......
Hulton, Sir Edward George Warris
Sir Edward George Warris Hulton was a British publisher and creator (1938) of the Picture Post, a weekly magazine......
Hulu
Hulu, Internet streaming service created in 2007 by NBCUniversal and News Corporation that allows users to stream......
Human-machine interface
Human-machine interface, means by which humans and computers communicate with each other. The human-machine interface......
Hunt, Leigh
Leigh Hunt was an English essayist, critic, journalist, and poet, who was an editor of influential journals in......
Hunter-Gault, Charlayne
Charlayne Hunter-Gault is an American newspaper reporter and broadcast journalist who covered current events, geopolitics,......
hydrological map
hydrological map, chart showing such hydrologic features as rivers and streams; the purpose and content of these......
hydrophone
hydrophone, device for converting sound waves into electrical signals, similar in operation to a microphone but......
hyperlink
hyperlink, a link between related pieces of information by electronic connections in order to allow a user easy......
Hypertalk
Hypertalk, a computer programming language designed in 1985 as “programming for the rest of us” by American computer......
hypertext and hypermedia
Although some researchers use the terms hypertext and hypermedia interchangeably, or understand hypertext as including......
Hørup, Viggo
Viggo Hørup was a Danish politician and journalist, the leading late 19th-century advocate of parliamentary government......
IBM OS/2
IBM OS/2, operating system introduced in 1987 by IBM and Microsoft to operate the second-generation line of IBM......
IBM OS/360
IBM OS/360, operating system introduced by IBM in 1964 to operate its 360 family of mainframe computer systems.......
Ibrahim, Mo
Mo Ibrahim is a Sudanese-born British entrepreneur and philanthropist who founded one of the largest mobile phone......
ICANN
ICANN, nonprofit private organization incorporated in California on September 18, 1998, and tasked with taking......
ICQ
ICQ, Internet instant messaging software popular in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. ICQ was created in......
Idei Nobuyuki
Idei Nobuyuki is a Japanese business executive who served as chairman (2000–05) and CEO (1999–2005) of the Japanese......
Illuminated manuscript
Illuminated manuscript, handwritten book that has been decorated with gold or silver, brilliant colours, or elaborate......
IMAX
IMAX, cinema system developed by IMAX Corporation to capture and present moving images with an extremely high amount......
IMDb
IMDb, Web site that provides information about millions of films and television programs as well as their cast......
incipit
incipit, the opening word or words of a medieval Western manuscript or early printed book. In the absence of a......
incunabula
incunabula, books printed during the earliest period of typography—i.e., from the invention of the art of typographic......
India ink
India ink, black pigment in the form of sticks that are moistened before use in drawing and lettering, or the fluid......
influencer
influencer, person who exerts influence to guide the actions of others. The term is commonly applied to people......
Influential Computer Programming Languages
A computer programming language is a medium through which a problem is broken down into its component parts that......
information processing
information processing , the acquisition, recording, organization, retrieval, display, and dissemination of information.......
information retrieval
information retrieval, recovery of information, especially in a database stored in a computer. Two main approaches......
information science
information science, discipline that deals with the processes of storing and transferring information. It brings......
information system
information system, an integrated set of components for collecting, storing, and processing data and for providing......
information theory
information theory, a mathematical representation of the conditions and parameters affecting the transmission and......
Ink
Ink, fluid or paste of various colours, but usually black or dark blue, used for writing and printing. It is composed......
Inkstand
Inkstand, receptacle for a pen, ink, and other writing accessories. In England such a utensil was called a standish......
Instagram
Instagram, online social media platform and social network service for photograph and video sharing. The app was......
Intaglio
Intaglio, in visual arts, one of the four major classes of printmaking techniques, distinguished from the other......
interactive media
interactive media, any computer-delivered electronic system that allows the user to control, combine, and manipulate......
International Standard Book Number
International Standard Book Number (ISBN), in bibliography, 10- or 13-digit number assigned before publication......
International Standard Serial Number
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN), in bibliography, eight-digit number that provides a concise and unambiguous......
International Telecommunication Union
International Telecommunication Union (ITU), specialized agency of the United Nations that was created to encourage......
Internet
Few observers would deny that the Internet has been one of the most significant inventions in modern history. Developed......
Internet
Internet, a system architecture that has revolutionized mass communication, mass media, and commerce by allowing......
Internet Explorer
Internet Explorer (IE), World Wide Web (WWW) browser and set of technologies created by Microsoft Corporation,......
Internet of Things
Internet of Things (IoT), the vast array of physical objects equipped with sensors and software that enable them......
Internet service provider
Internet service provider (ISP), company that provides Internet connections and services to individuals and organizations.......
Inventions that Helped Shape How We Interact with Knowledge and Information
Over the course of human history, a variety of novel inventions have helped facilitate and advance the dissemination......
iOS
iOS, multiplatform operating system (OS) created and developed by Apple Inc. for its iPhone. The platform formerly......
IP address
IP address, number that uniquely identifies each computer on the Internet. A computer’s IP address may be permanently......
IP address blocking
IP address blocking, configuring a network to refuse requests sent from specific IP addresses. IP addresses are......
iPhone
iPhone, series of smartphones produced by Apple Inc., combining mobile telephone, digital camera, music player,......
iPod
iPod, portable media player developed by Apple Inc., released in 2001, and compatible with the company’s Macintosh......
ISDN
ISDN, all-digital high-speed network provided by telephone carriers that allowed voice and data to be carried over......
Ishibashi Tanzan
Ishibashi Tanzan was a politician, economist, and journalist who was prime minister of Japan from December 1956......
Isobar
Isobar, line on a weather map of constant barometric pressure drawn on a given reference surface. The isobaric......
italic
italic, in printing, a sloping, light-bodied, compact, and almost cursive letter form, which, with roman and black......
itinerarium
itinerarium, a list of villages, towns, cities, and mail stations of the Roman Empire, with the distances between......
ITT Corporation
ITT Corporation, former American telecommunications company that grew into a successful conglomerate corporation......
iTunes
iTunes, digital media player application created by Apple in 2001. iTunes was at the forefront of the digital music......
Jacobs, Joseph
Joseph Jacobs was an Australian-born English folklore scholar, one of the most popular 19th-century adapters of......
jamming
jamming, in electronics, broadcasting a strong signal that overrides or obscures a target signal. Jamming of radio......
Java
Java, modern object-oriented computer programming language. Java was created at Sun Microsystems, Inc., where James......
JavaScript
JavaScript, computer programming language that is a mainstay of web development, enabling the creation of complex......
Jeffrey, Francis Jeffrey, Lord
Francis Jeffrey, Lord Jeffrey was a literary critic and Scottish judge, best known as the editor of The Edinburgh......
Jenson, Nicolas
Nicolas Jenson was a publisher and printer who developed the roman-style typeface. Apprenticed as a cutter of dies......
Jewett, Frank Baldwin
Frank Baldwin Jewett was a U.S. electrical engineer and the first president of the Bell Telephone Laboratories,......
John Bartholomew and Son
John Bartholomew and Son, former mapmaking and publishing company of the United Kingdom that was located in Edinburgh......
John Bull
John Bull, in literature and political caricature, a conventional personification of England or of English character.......
Johnson, Charles Spurgeon
Charles Spurgeon Johnson was a U.S. sociologist, authority on race relations, and the first black president (1946–56)......
Johnson, John H.
John H. Johnson was a magazine and book publisher, the first African American to attain major success in those......
Johnson, Robert L.
Robert L. Johnson is an American businessman, founder of Black Entertainment Television (BET), and the first African......
Jolas, Eugene; and Jolas, Maria
Eugene Jolas and Maria Jolas were American founders, along with Elliot Paul, of the revolutionary literary quarterly......
Joost
Joost, former website, launched in 2007, that provided advertiser-supported streaming videos over the Internet......
Jouve, Pierre-Jean
Pierre-Jean Jouve was a French poet, novelist, and critic. Early in his career, Jouve was influenced by the Abbaye......
Joyce, William
William Joyce was an English-language propaganda broadcaster from Nazi Germany during World War II whose nickname......
JPEG
JPEG, computer graphics file format. In 1983 researchers with the International Organization for Standardization......
Kahn, Robert
Robert Kahn is an American electrical engineer, one of the principal architects, with Vinton Cerf, of the Internet.......
Kaplan, Justin
Justin Kaplan was an American writer, biographer, and book editor who was best known for his acclaimed literary......
Kassák, Lajos
Lajos Kassák was a poet and novelist, the first important Hungarian working-class writer. At the age of 20 Kassák......
Katzenberg, Jeffrey
Jeffrey Katzenberg is an American entrepreneur who played a pivotal role in transforming the Walt Disney Company......
Kaufman, Bob
Bob Kaufman was an innovative African-American poet who became an important figure of the Beat movement. With a......
Kawahigashi Hekigotō
Kawahigashi Hekigotō was a Japanese poet who was a pioneer of modern haiku. Kawahigashi and his friend Takahama......
Kay, Alan
Alan Kay is an American computer scientist and winner of the 2003 A.M. Turing Award, the highest honour in computer......
Kelce, Jason
Jason Kelce is a former American football player who is considered to have been among the game’s best centers.......
Kellgren, Johan Henrik
Johan Henrik Kellgren was a poet considered the greatest literary figure of the Swedish Enlightenment and once......
Kelvin, William Thomson, Baron
William Thomson, Baron Kelvin was a Scottish engineer, mathematician, and physicist who profoundly influenced the......
Kemal, Namık
Namık Kemal was a Turkish prose writer and poet who greatly influenced the Young Turk and Turkish nationalist movements......
Kemény, Zsigmond, Baron
Zsigmond, Baron Kemény was a Hungarian novelist noted especially for his minute psychological analysis. Kemény’s......
Kendrew, Sir John Cowdery
Sir John Cowdery Kendrew was a British biochemist who determined the three-dimensional structure of the muscle......
Kennedy, John F., Jr.
John F. Kennedy, Jr. was an American publisher, lawyer, and member of the prominent Kennedy political family, the......
key, cryptographic
cryptographic key, Secret value used by a computer together with a complex algorithm to encrypt and decrypt messages.......
Khashoggi, Jamal
Jamal Khashoggi was a prominent Saudi journalist and critic of Mohammed bin Salman, who became Saudi Arabia’s crown......
Kilgallen, Dorothy
Dorothy Kilgallen was an American journalist and TV personality whose work ranged from covering high-profile murder......
Kindle
Kindle, any of the portable wireless electronic reading devices (e-readers) produced by the American company Amazon.com.......
Kinetograph
Kinetograph, camera used to take a series of photographs of people or objects in motion, often considered to be......