Wars, Battles & Armed Conflicts, GRE-KAI
Wars, battles, and other domestic or international conflicts, whether armed or diplomatic, are often the outcome of a dispute over natural resources or a struggle for power, influence, and wealth. Major conflicts between nations, peoples, and political groups can end up shifting the cultural and political geography of the world and can also effect change, whether intentional or not, in societal values and the balance of power.
Wars, Battles & Armed Conflicts Encyclopedia Articles By Title
Greek Civil War
Greek Civil War, (December 1944âJanuary 1945 and 1946â49), two-stage conflict during which Greek communists unsuccessfully......
Greek Independence, War of
War of Greek Independence, (1821â32), rebellion of Greeks within the Ottoman Empire, a struggle which resulted......
Grunwald, Battle of
Battle of Grunwald, battle fought on July 15, 1410, between the villages of Grunwald and Tannenberg (Polish: StÄbark)......
Guadalcanal, Battle of
Battle of Guadalcanal, (August 1942âFebruary 1943), series of World War II land and sea clashes between Allied......
Guam, Battle of
When they were attacking Guam from July 21 to August 10, 1944, U.S. forces were not only acquiring a fine harbor......
Guandi
Guandi, Chinese god of war whose immense popularity with the common people rests on the firm belief that his control......
guerrilla
guerrilla, member of an irregular military force fighting small-scale, limited actions, in concert with an overall......
guerrilla warfare
guerrilla warfare, type of warfare fought by irregulars in fast-moving, small-scale actions against orthodox military......
Guilford Courthouse, Battle of
Battle of Guilford Courthouse, battle in the American Revolution fought in South Carolina on March 15, 1781, a......
Gujrat, Battle of
Battle of Gujrat, (Feb. 21, 1849), engagement between the Sikh army of Sher Singh and a British-Indian army led......
Gulf of Tonkin incident
Gulf of Tonkin incident, complex naval event in the Gulf of Tonkin, off the coast of Vietnam, that occurred from......
Gun War
Gun War, (1880â81), Southern African war in which the Sotho (also Basuto or Basotho) people of Basutoland (present-day......
Gunpowder Plot
Gunpowder Plot, the conspiracy of English Roman Catholics to blow up Parliament and King James I, his queen, and......
Hachiman
Hachiman, one of the most popular ShintĆ deities of Japan; the patron deity of the Minamoto clan and of warriors......
Hague Convention
Hague Convention, any of a series of international treaties that issued from international conferences held at......
Haitian Revolution
Haitian Revolution, series of conflicts between 1791 and 1804 between Haitian slaves, colonists, the armies of......
Halidon Hill, Battle of
Battle of Halidon Hill, (July 19, 1333), major engagement in Scotlandâs protracted struggle for political independence......
Hamas
Hamas, militant Palestinian nationalist and Islamist movement in the West Bank and Gaza Strip that is dedicated......
Hamas: At a Glance
Hamas is a militant group in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank that was founded in 1987 at the beginning of the......
Haqqani network
Haqqani network, Pashtun militant network based in eastern Afghanistan and northwest Pakistan. The Haqqani network......
Harpers Ferry Raid
Harpers Ferry Raid, (October 16â18, 1859), assault by an armed band of abolitionists led by John Brown on the federal......
Harran, Battle of
The religious fervor of the First Crusade was over by 1104 as the new crusader lords attempted to secure their......
Hastings, Battle of
Battle of Hastings, battle on October 14, 1066, that ended in the defeat of Harold II of England by William, duke......
Heligoland, Battle of
Battle of Heligoland, naval engagement on May 9, 1864, during the Second Schleswig War (see German-Danish War),......
Hezbollah
Hezbollah, ShiÊżi Lebanese political party and militant group that first emerged during Lebanonâs civil war as a......
Hoa Hao
Hoa Hao, Vietnamese Buddhist religious movement that was formed in 1939 by the Buddhist reformer Huynh Phu So.......
holy war
holy war, any war fought by divine command or for a religious purpose. The concept of holy war is found in the......
Hong Gyeong-Rae Rebellion
Hong Gyeong-Rae Rebellion, commoner uprising in northern Korea in 1812 organized by Hong Gyeong-Rae, a fallen yangban......
Horseshoe Bend, Battle of
Battle of Horseshoe Bend, battle fought on March 27, 1814, between U.S. federal forces and Creek warriors in central......
Hostage
Hostage, in war, a person handed over by one of two belligerents to the other or seized as security for the carrying......
How did World War II start?
World War II began when Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939, prompting Great Britain and France to declare......
How the Normandy Invasion Happened: Infographic Overview
This infographic provides an overview of the Normandy Invasion, also called Operation Overlord or D-Day, which......
How was Ulysses S. Grant involved in the Civil War?
When American Civil War hostilities broke out in April 1861, Ulysses S. Grant quickly rose up the Union ranks,......
Huitzilopochtli
Huitzilopochtli, Aztec sun and war god, one of the two principal deities of Aztec religion, often represented in......
Hukbalahap Rebellion
Hukbalahap Rebellion, (1946â54), Communist-led peasant uprising in central Luzon, Philippines. The name of the......
Hundred Yearsâ War
Hundred Yearsâ War, intermittent struggle between England and France in the 14thâ15th century over a series of......
Hungarian Revolution
Hungarian Revolution, popular uprising in Hungary in 1956 following a speech by Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev......
Hydaspes, Battle of the
Battle of the Hydaspes, (326 bce), the last great battle fought by Alexander the Great during his Asian campaign.......
HĆgen Disturbance
HĆgen Disturbance, (July 1156), in Japan, conflict in the HĆgen era between the Taira and Minamoto clans that marked......
Ia Drang, Battle of
Battle of Ia Drang, first major clash between U.S. soldiers and North Vietnamese troops during the Vietnam War.......
IkhwÄn
IkhwÄn, in Arabia, members of a religious and military brotherhood that figured prominently in the unification......
Ilerda, Campaign of
Campaign of Ilerda, (49 bc), the campaign leading to the victory of Julius Caesar over Pompeyâs forces in Spain.......
Ilipa, Battle of
Battle of Ilipa, (206 bce), victory of the Roman general Publius Cornelius Scipio (later called Scipio Africanus)......
Imperial War Museum
Imperial War Museum, in the United Kingdom, national museum serving as a memorial and record of the wartime efforts......
Indian Rebellion of 1857
Indian Rebellion of 1857, widespread but unsuccessful rebellion against British rule in India in 1857â59. The revolt......
Indigo Revolt
Indigo Revolt, rebellion of peasant farmers in 1859â60 in the Bengal region of northeastern India against British......
Indochina wars
Indochina wars, 20th-century conflicts in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia, with the principal involvement of France......
insurgency
insurgency, term historically restricted to rebellious acts that did not reach the proportions of an organized......
Insurrection
Insurrection, an organized and usually violent act of revolt or rebellion against an established government or......
Insurrection Act
The Insurrection Act is a U.S. federal law passed in 1807 that originally authorized the president of the United......
International Committee of the Red Cross
International Committee of the Red Cross , international nongovernmental organization headquartered in Geneva,......
International Legations, Siege of the
Siege of the International Legations, engagement from June 20 to August 14, 1900, during the Boxer Rebellion in......
intifada
intifada, in the Arab world, an uprising or rebellion. In Arabic, the term is applied variously to popular protest......
Ionian revolt
Ionian revolt, uprising (499â494 bce) of some of the Ionian cities of Asia Minor against their Persian overlords.......
Ipsos, Battle of
Alexander the Greatâs sudden death in Babylon in 323 bce left his leading generals locked in decades of battling......
Iran-Iraq War
Iran-Iraq War, (1980â88), prolonged military conflict between Iran and Iraq during the 1980s. The incredibly deadly......
Iranian Revolution
Iranian Revolution, popular uprising in Iran in 1978â79 that resulted in the toppling of the monarchy on February......
Iraq War
Iraq War, (2003â11), conflict in Iraq that consisted of two phases. The first of these was a brief, conventionally......
Irgun Zvai Leumi
Irgun Zvai Leumi, Jewish right-wing underground movement in Palestine, founded in 1931. At first supported by many......
Irish Civil War
Irish Civil War, conflict in Ireland from June 1922 to May 1923 between those who supported the Anglo-Irish Treaty......
Irish Rebellion
Irish Rebellion, (1798), an uprising that owed its origins to the Society of United Irishmen, which was inspired......
Irish Republican Army
Irish Republican Army (IRA), republican paramilitary organization seeking the establishment of a republic, the......
Irish War of Independence
Irish War of Independence, (1919â21), conflict that pitted Irish nationalists (republicans), who were pursuing......
Isandlwana and Rorkeâs Drift, Battles of
Battles of Isandlwana and Rorkeâs Drift, (Jan. 22â23, 1879), first significant battles of the Anglo-Zulu War in......
Ishtar
Ishtar, in Mesopotamian religion, goddess of war and sexual love. Ishtar is the Akkadian counterpart of the West......
Isonzo, Battles of the
Battles of the Isonzo, (1915â17), 12 battles along the Isonzo River on the eastern sector of the Italian Front......
Israel-Hamas War
The Israel-Hamas War is a war in the Gaza Strip between Israel and Palestinian militants, especially Hamas, that......
Israel-Hezbollah war
Israel-Hezbollah war, conflict between Israel and Hezbollah, a ShiÊżi Muslim militant group in Lebanon, that began......
Issus, Battle of
Battle of Issus, (333 bce), conflict early in Alexander the Greatâs invasion of Asia in which he defeated a Persian......
Italian Campaign
Italian Campaign, (July 9, 1943âMay 2, 1945), during World War II, the Allied invasion and conquest of Italy. With......
Italian Wars
Italian Wars, (1494â1559) series of violent wars for control of Italy. Fought largely by France and Spain but involving......
Italo-Ethiopian War
Italo-Ethiopian War, (1935â36), an armed conflict that resulted in Ethiopiaâs subjection to Italian rule. Often......
Italo-Turkish War
Italo-Turkish War, (1911â12), war undertaken by Italy to gain colonies in North Africa by conquering the Turkish......
Iwo Jima, Battle of
Battle of Iwo Jima, (February 19âMarch 16, 1945), World War II conflict between the United States and the Empire......
Jacquerie
Jacquerie, insurrection of peasants against the nobility in northeastern France in 1358âso named from the noblesâ......
Jaffa, Battle of
The Battle of Jaffa, which was fought on August 5, 1192, was the final battle of the Third Crusade. It led directly......
Jajau, Battle of
Battle of Jajau, (June 12, 1707), decisive engagement over succession to the Mughal throne of India following the......
Jameson Raid
Jameson Raid, unsuccessful attempt by British officials and mining industry leaders to overthrow the government......
Janjaweed
Janjaweed, Arab militia in Sudan, particularly in the Darfur region, that was most active in the first decade of......
January 6 U.S. Capitol attack
January 6 U.S. Capitol attack, storming of the United States Capitol on January 6, 2021, by a mob of supporters......
January Insurrection
January Insurrection, (1863â64), Polish rebellion against Russian rule in Poland; the insurrection was unsuccessful......
Jasmine Revolution
Jasmine Revolution, popular uprising in Tunisia that protested against corruption, poverty, and political repression......
Jebel Akhdar War
Jebel Akhdar War, a series of conflicts during the mid- and late 1950s between residents of the interior of Oman,......
JelÄlÄ« Revolts
JelÄlÄ« Revolts, rebellions in Anatolia against the Ottoman Empire in the 16th and 17th centuries. The first revolt......
Jena, Battle of
Battle of Jena, (Oct. 14, 1806), military engagement of the Napoleonic Wars, fought between 122,000 French troops......
Jenkinsâ Ear, War of
War of Jenkinsâ Ear, war between Great Britain and Spain that began in October 1739 and eventually merged into......
Jerusalem, Siege of
Siege of Jerusalem, (70 ce), Roman military blockade of Jerusalem during the First Jewish Revolt. The fall of the......
Jewish partisan
Jewish partisan, one of approximately 20,000â30,000 irregular fighters who participated in the Jewish resistance......
Jewish Revolt, First
First Jewish Revolt, (ad 66â70), Jewish rebellion against Roman rule in Judaea. The First Jewish Revolt was the......
Jingkang Incident
In January 1127 Juchen steppe nomads captured the Chinese capital of Kaifeng and with it the Song emperor. What......
Jinshin-no-ran
Jinshin-no-ran, in Japanese history, war of imperial succession that brought an emperor with a secure military......
July Days
July Days, (July 16â20 [July 3â7, old style], 1917), a period in the Russian Revolution during which workers and......
July Plot
July Plot, abortive attempt on July 20, 1944, by German military leaders to assassinate Adolf Hitler, seize control......
July Revolution
July Revolution, (1830), insurrection that brought Louis-Philippe to the throne of France. The revolution was precipitated......
Jumonville Glen, Battle of
Battle of Jumonville Glen, opening battle of the French and Indian War, fought on May 28, 1754, also noteworthy......
June Offensive
June Offensive, (June [July, New Style], 1917), unsuccessful military operation of World War I, planned by the......
Just war
Just war, notion that the resort to armed force (jus ad bellum) is justified under certain conditions; also, the......
Jutland, Battle of
Battle of Jutland, (May 31âJune 1, 1916), the only major encounter between the main British and German battle fleets......
Kadesh, Battle of
Battle of Kadesh, major battle in 1275 bce between the Egyptians under Ramses II and the Hittites under Muwatallis,......
Kaifeng, Mongol siege of
In 1211 the Mongol Empire under Genghis Khan declared war on the Jin dynasty of China. A army commanded by Subutai,......