Wars, Battles & Armed Conflicts, EDE-GRE
Wars, battles, and other domestic or international conflicts, whether armed or diplomatic, are often the outcome of a dispute over natural resources or a struggle for power, influence, and wealth. Major conflicts between nations, peoples, and political groups can end up shifting the cultural and political geography of the world and can also effect change, whether intentional or not, in societal values and the balance of power.
Wars, Battles & Armed Conflicts Encyclopedia Articles By Title
Edessa, Battle of
Battle of Edessa, battle fought in 260 ce between the later Sassanid Persian Empire and the Roman Empire, culminating......
Edessa, Siege of
The fall of the crusader city of Edessa to Seljuq Muslim troops after a siege carried out from November 28 to December......
Edgehill, Battle of
Battle of Edgehill, (Oct. 23, 1642), first battle of the English Civil Wars, in which forces loyal to the English......
Edington, Battle of
Vikings from all over Scandinavia had been raiding the British Isles for more than half a century before the birth......
Egypt Uprising of 2011
Egypt Uprising of 2011, Beginning in December 2010, unprecedented mass demonstrations against poverty, corruption,......
Eight Saints, War of the
War of the Eight Saints, (1375â78), conflict between Pope Gregory XI and an Italian coalition headed by Florence,......
Eighty Yearsâ War
Eighty Yearsâ War, (1568â1648), the war of Netherlands independence from Spain, which led to the separation of......
electronic warfare
electronic warfare, any strategic use of the electromagnetic spectrum, or of tactics related to the use of the......
Embargo
Embargo, legal prohibition by a government or group of governments restricting the departure of vessels or movement......
Emboabas, War of the
War of the Emboabas, (1708â09), conflict in the Captaincy of Minas Gerais, Brazil, between the original settlers......
Emu War
Emu War, short-lived and ultimately unsuccessful military operation to address the issue of emusâlarge flightless......
enemy combatant
enemy combatant, extraordinary legal status developed by the administration of Pres. George W. Bush (2001â09) that......
English Civil Wars
English Civil Wars, (1642â51), fighting that took place in the British Isles between supporters of the monarchy......
Entebbe raid
Entebbe raid, (July 3â4, 1976), rescue by an Israeli commando squad of 103 hostages from a French jet airliner......
Eritrean Peopleâs Liberation Front
Eritrean Peopleâs Liberation Front (EPLF), secessionist movement that successfully fought for the creation of an......
Estimated Battle Casualties During the Normandy Invasion and Campaign to Liberate Paris (JuneâAugust 1944)
This graph provides a comparison of the estimated battle casualties during the Normandy Invasion, which began on......
ethnic cleansing
ethnic cleansing, the attempt to create ethnically homogeneous geographic areas through the deportation or forcible......
Ethnic conflict
Ethnic conflict, a form of conflict in which the objectives of at least one party are defined in ethnic terms,......
Eureka Stockade
Eureka Stockade, rebellion (December 3, 1854) in which gold prospectors in Ballarat, Victoria, Australiaâwho sought......
Europe, Concert of
Concert of Europe, in the post-Napoleonic era, the vague consensus among the European monarchies favouring preservation......
Eutaw Springs, Battle of
Battle of Eutaw Springs, (September 8, 1781), American Revolution engagement fought near Charleston, South Carolina,......
Eylau, Battle of
Battle of Eylau, an engagement of the War of the Third Coalition, fought February 7â8, 1807, during the Napoleonic......
Facts and Figures About the Landings on Omaha Beach During the Normandy Invasion on June 6, 1944
This infographic shows facts and figures about the landings on Omaha Beach on June 6, 1944, during World War II.......
Facts and Statistics about the Normandy Invasion
The Normandy Invasion, also called Operation Overlord or D-Day, was the Allied invasion of western Europe during......
Falkirk, Battle of
Battle of Falkirk, (July 22, 1298) battle fought between the army of King Edward I of England and Scottish resistance......
Falkland Islands War
Falkland Islands War, a brief undeclared war fought between Argentina and Great Britain in 1982 over control of......
Falkland Islands, Battle of the
On November 1, 1914, a powerful German fleet commanded by the famed admiral Maximilian von Spee destroyed a much......
Fallen Timbers, Battle of
Battle of Fallen Timbers, (August 20, 1794), military engagement between the United States and the Northwest Indian......
Fallujah, First Battle of
First Battle of Fallujah, U.S. military campaign during the Iraq War that began April 4 and ended May 1, 2004.......
Fallujah, Second Battle of
Second Battle of Fallujah, joint American, Iraqi, and British military campaign from November 7 to December 23,......
Fatah
Fatah, political and military organization of Arab Palestinians, founded in the late 1950s by Yassir Arafat and......
Fenian raids
Fenian raids, series of abortive armed incursions conducted by the Fenians, an Irish-nationalist secret society,......
Feud
Feud, a continuing state of conflict between two groups within a society (typically kinship groups) characterized......
fifth column
fifth column, clandestine group or faction of subversive agents who attempt to undermine a nationâs solidarity......
Fightinâ Fauna: 6 Animals of War
Throughout recorded history, humans have excelled when it comes to finding new and inventive ways to kill each......
filibustering
filibustering, originally, in U.S. history, the attempt to take over countries at peace with the United States......
Firoz Shah, Battle of
Battle of Firoz Shah, (Dec. 21â22, 1845), conflict between the Sikhs and the British at Firoz Shah, on the Punjab......
First Barbary War
First Barbary War, (1801â05), conflict between the United States and Tripoli (now in Libya), incited by American......
First Battle of Panipat
First Battle of Panipat, one of the three conflicts that took place between 1526 and 1761 at Panipat (now in Haryana,......
First Crusade
First Crusade, military expedition launched in 1095 that was organized by western European Christians in response......
First of June, Battle of the
Battle of the First of June, the first great naval engagement of the French Revolutionary Wars, fought on June......
First Opium War
First Opium War, armed conflict in 1839â42 between Chinaâs Qing dynasty and Britain over the dynastyâs restrictions......
First Sino-Japanese War
First Sino-Japanese War, conflict between Japan and China in 1894â95 that marked the emergence of Japan as a major......
first strike
first strike, attack on an enemyâs nuclear arsenal that effectively prevents retaliation against the attacker.......
Five Downed Military Pilots Who Made History
Pilots have been flying wartime missions since World War I, when aerial fighting in the skies of Europe was dominated......
Five Forks, Battle of
Battle of Five Forks, one of the final major engagements of the American Civil War (1861â65). It was fought on......
Fleurus, Battle of
Battle of Fleurus, (June 26, 1794), the most significant battle in the First Coalition phase of the French Revolutionary......
Flexible Response
Flexible Response, U.S. defense strategy in which a wide range of diplomatic, political, economic, and military......
Flodden, Battle of
Ever anxious to protect themselves against their old enemy, the English, Scotland formed a mutual defense alliance......
Flores, Battle of
The Battle of Flores, fought August 30â31, 1591, between Spain and England off Flores Island in the Azores, was......
Fontenoy, Battle of
Battle of Fontenoy, (May 11, 1745), confrontation that led to the French conquest of Flanders during the War of......
Football War
The Football War, also called the Soccer War or the 100-Hour War, was a short-lived but intense military conflict......
formation flying
formation flying, two or more aircraft traveling and maneuvering together in a disciplined, synchronized, predetermined......
Formigny, Battle of
Battle of Formigny, (April 15, 1450), a French victory in the last phase of the Hundred Yearsâ War against the......
Fort Donelson, Battle of
Battle of Fort Donelson, American Civil War battle (February 1862) that collapsed Southern defenses in the Mid-South......
Fort Henry, Battle of
Battle of Fort Henry, American Civil War battle along the Tennessee River that helped the Union regain western......
Fort Necessity, Battle of
Battle of Fort Necessity, one of the earliest skirmishes of the French and Indian War, the North American theater......
Fort Sumter National Monument
Fort Sumter National Monument, historic site preserving Fort Sumter, location of the first engagement of the American......
Fort Sumter, Battle of
Battle of Fort Sumter, (April 12â14, 1861), the opening engagement of the American Civil War, at the entrance to......
Fort Ticonderoga, Siege of
Siege of Fort Ticonderoga, engagement in the American Revolution fought July 2â6, 1777, resulting in a British......
Fort Wagner, Second Battle of
Second Battle of Fort Wagner, unsuccessful Union assault on July 18, 1863, during the American Civil War (1861â65)......
forward basing
forward basing, the practice by superpowersâmost notably, the United Statesâof establishing an enduring military......
France, Battle of
Battle of France, (May 10âJune 25, 1940), during World War II, the German invasion of the Low Countries and France.......
Franco-German War
Franco-German War, (July 19, 1870âMay 10, 1871), war in which a coalition of German states led by Prussia defeated......
Fredericksburg, Battle of
Battle of Fredericksburg, (December 11â15, 1862), bloody engagement of the American Civil War fought at Fredericksburg,......
Freiburg, Battle of
The struggle for the German city of Freiburg, fought over three days in August 1644 between French and Bavarian-imperial......
French and Indian War
French and Indian War, American phase of a worldwide nine yearsâ war (1754â63) fought between France and Great......
French invasion of Russia
French invasion of Russia, (June 24âDecember 5, 1812), invasion of the Russian Empire by Napoleon Iâs Grande ArmĂ©e.......
French Revolution
French Revolution, revolutionary movement that shook France between 1787 and 1799. It reached its first climax......
French Revolutionary wars
French Revolutionary wars, title given to the hostilities between France and one or more European powers between......
Friedland, Battle of
Battle of Friedland, (June 14, 1807), engagement of the Napoleonic Wars fought at Friedland (now Pravdinsk, Russia),......
Friesâs Rebellion
Friesâs Rebellion, (1799), uprising, in opposition to a direct federal property tax, by farmers in eastern Pennsylvania......
Fronde, the
the Fronde, series of civil wars in France between 1648 and 1653, during the minority of Louis XIV. The Fronde......
Frontiers, Battle of the
Battle of the Frontiers, collective name for the first great clashes on the Western Front of World War I, which......
Fructidor, Coup of 18
Coup of 18 Fructidor, (Sept. 4, 1797), the purge of conservatives from the Corps LĂ©gislatif and other posts during......
galley warfare
galley warfare, sea warfare fought between forces equipped with specialized oar-driven warships, particularly in......
Gallic Wars
Gallic Wars, (58â50 bce), campaigns in which the Roman proconsul Julius Caesar conquered Gaul. Clad in the bloodred......
Gallipoli Campaign
Gallipoli Campaign, (February 1915âJanuary 1916), in World War I, an Anglo-French operation against Turkey, intended......
Gaugamela, Battle of
Battle of Gaugamela, (October 1, 331 bce) clash between the forces of Alexander the Great of Macedonia and Darius......
Gempei War
Gempei War, (1180â85), final struggle in Japan between the Taira and Minamoto clans that resulted in the Minamotoâs......
German Chain of Command in Western Europe, June 1944
The military command structure of German forces in Europe in mid-1944 reflected the growing megalomania of the......
German Revolution (1918â19)
German Revolution (1918â19), uprising that was triggered by the military defeat of the German Empire during World......
German-Danish War
German-Danish War, (1864), the second of two conflicts over the settlement of the Schleswig-Holstein question,......
German-Herero conflict of 1904â07
German-Herero conflict of 1904â07, the conflict between the Herero people and German colonial troops in German......
Germantown, Battle of
Battle of Germantown, battle in the American Revolution, fought on October 4, 1777, an abortive attack by 11,000......
Gettysburg, Battle of
Battle of Gettysburg, (July 1â3, 1863), major engagement in the American Civil War, fought 35 miles (56 km) southwest......
Geuzen
Geuzen, the largely Calvinist Dutch guerrilla and privateering forces whose military actions initiated the Netherlandsâ......
ghanīmah
ghanÄ«mah, in the early IslÄmic community (7th century ad), booty taken in battle in the form of weapons, horses,......
Gibraltar, Battle of
Battle of Gibraltar, naval battle fought on April 25, 1607, between ships of the Spanish Empire and the Dutch United......
Glorious Revolution
Glorious Revolution, in English history, the events of 1688â89 that resulted in the deposition of James II and......
God, Truce of
Truce of God, a measure by the medieval Roman Catholic Church to suspend warfare during certain days of the week......
Gogunda, Battle of
Battle of Gogunda, (June 1576), battle fought in Rajasthan, northwestern India, between Pratap Singh of Mewar,......
Golden Spurs, Battle of the
Battle of the Golden Spurs, (July 11, 1302), military engagement on the outskirts of Kortrijk in Flanders (now......
Grand Alliance, War of the
War of the Grand Alliance, (1689â97), the third major war of Louis XIV of France, in which his expansionist plans......
Grand Port, Battle of
Battle of Grand Port, naval battle between France and Britain on August 22â27, 1810, at Ăle de France (Mauritius),......
Granicus, Battle of the
Battle of the Granicus, first victory won by Alexander the Great in his invasion of the Persian Empire. The battle,......
Great Fear
Great Fear, (1789) in the French Revolution, a period of panic and riot by peasants and others amid rumors of an......
Great Swamp Fight
Great Swamp Fight, critical battle of King Philipâs War, fought on December 19, 1675, in which the Native peoples......
Greco-Persian Wars
Greco-Persian Wars, (492â449 bce), series of wars fought by Greek states and Persia over a period of almost half......
Greco-Turkish wars
Greco-Turkish wars, (1897 and 1921â22), two military conflicts between the Greeks and the Turks. The first war,......