Humanities, DIX-GAU
The humanities are those branches of knowledge that concern themselves with human beings and their culture. The humanities include the study of all languages and literatures, the arts, history, and philosophy.
Humanities Encyclopedia Articles By Title
Dixon, Roland B.
Roland B. Dixon was a U.S. cultural anthropologist who, at the Peabody Museum of Harvard University, organized......
DiĂłszegi, Vilmos
Vilmos DiĂłszegi was a Hungarian folklorist, linguist, ethnographer, Orientalist, and editor of the first Manchu-Tungus......
do not resuscitate order
do not resuscitate order (DNR order), an advance medical directive that requests that doctors do not attempt cardiopulmonary......
Doesburg, Theo van
Theo van Doesburg was a Dutch painter, decorator, poet, and art theorist who was the leader of the De Stijl movement.......
Dolet, Ătienne
Ătienne Dolet was a French humanist, scholar, and printer whose Commentarii linguae Latinae contributed notably......
Dolmetsch, Arnold
Arnold Dolmetsch was a French-born British musician whose lifework, pursued in the face of prolonged indifference......
Dong Qichang
Dong Qichang was a Chinese painter, calligrapher, and theoretician who was one of the finest artists of the late......
Dorat, Jean
Jean Dorat was a French humanist, a brilliant Hellenist, one of the poets of the Pléiade, and their mentor for......
Doria, Giacomo
Giacomo Doria was an Italian naturalist and explorer who in 1867 founded the civic museum of natural history in......
Dorsey, George A.
George A. Dorsey was an early U.S. ethnographer of North American Indians, especially the Mandan tribe. His investigations......
Dorsey, James Owen
James Owen Dorsey was an American ethnologist known principally for his linguistic and ethnographic studies of......
dramatism
dramatism, a technique of analysis of language and thought as basically modes of action rather than as means of......
Dreier, Katherine
Katherine Dreier was an American art collector, artist, and writer who took it as her mission to promote the understanding......
Du Camp, Maxime
Maxime Du Camp was a French writer and photographer who is chiefly known for his vivid accounts of 19th-century......
Duby, Georges
Georges Duby was a member of the French Academy, holder of the chair in medieval history at the CollĂšge de France......
Duchesne, André
André Duchesne was a historian and geographer, sometimes called the father of French history, who was the first......
Dukas, Paul
Paul Dukas was a French composer whose fame rests on a single orchestral work, the dazzling, ingenious LâApprenti......
Dulac, Germaine
Germaine Dulac was a French filmmaker known for her impressionistic and experimental silent films, including The......
Dunham, Katherine
Katherine Dunham was an American dancer and choreographer who was a pioneer in the field of dance anthropology.......
Durkheim, Ămile
Ămile Durkheim was a French social scientist who developed a vigorous methodology combining empirical research......
DĂ€ubler, Theodor
Theodor DĂ€ubler was a German-language poet whose extraordinary vitality, poetic vision, and optimism contrast sharply......
dâOrs y Rovira, Eugenio
Eugenio dâOrs y Rovira was a Catalan essayist, philosopher, and art critic who was a leading ideologue of the Catalan......
Eastlake, Charles Locke
Charles Locke Eastlake was an English museologist and writer on art who gave his name to a 19th-century furniture......
Eastlake, Sir Charles Lock
Sir Charles Lock Eastlake was an English Neoclassical painter who helped develop Englandâs national collection......
Ebert, Roger
Roger Ebert was an American film critic, perhaps the best known of his profession, who became the first person......
Eco, Umberto
Umberto Eco was an Italian literary critic, novelist, and semiotician (student of signs and symbols) best known......
econometrics
econometrics, the statistical and mathematical analysis of economic relationships, often serving as a basis for......
economic openness
economic openness, in political economy, the degree to which nondomestic transactions (imports and exports) take......
economic rationality
economic rationality, conceptions of rationality used in economic theory. Although there is no single notion of......
economic sociology
economic sociology, the application of sociological concepts and methods to analysis of the production, distribution,......
economics
economics, social science that seeks to analyze and describe the production, distribution, and consumption of wealth.......
efficiency
efficiency, in economics and organizational analysis, a measure of the input a system requires to achieve a specified......
Egyptian calendar
Egyptian calendar, dating system established several thousand years before the common era, the first calendar known......
Einstein, Alfred
Alfred Einstein was an eminent German-American musicologist and critic. Einstein was born into a family of scholars......
Eisenstein, Sergei
Sergei Eisenstein was a Russian film director and theorist whose work includes the three film classics Battleship......
Eitner, Robert
Robert Eitner was a German musicologist, editor, and bibliographer. Largely self-taught in music, Eitner in 1853......
ekistics
ekistics, science of human settlements. Ekistics involves the descriptive study of all kinds of human settlements......
elite theory
elite theory, in political science, theoretical perspective according to which (1) a communityâs affairs are best......
Ellison, Harlan
Harlan Ellison was an American writer of short stories, novels, essays, and television and film scripts. Though......
Ellul, Jacques
Jacques Ellul was a French political and social scientist, Protestant theologian, and philosopher of technology,......
Elmira College
Elmira College, private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Elmira, New York, U.S. It is a liberal......
embeddedness
embeddedness, in social science, the dependence of a phenomenonâbe it a sphere of activity such as the economy......
environmental economics
environmental economics, subdiscipline of economics that applies the values and tools of mainstream macroeconomics......
Enwezor, Okwui
Okwui Enwezor was a Nigerian-born poet, art critic, art historian, and curator who helped bring global attention......
epigraphy
epigraphy, the study of written matter recorded on hard or durable material. The term is derived from the Classical......
- Introduction
- Ancient Inscriptions, Archaeology, Historiography
- Ancient Mesopotamia, Cuneiform, Inscriptions
- Ancient Middle East, Regions, Scripts
- Ancient Iran, Cuneiform, Inscriptions
- Greek Inscriptions, Archaeology, Scripts
- Roman Inscriptions, Archaeology, Scripts
- Turkic Peoples, Inscriptions, Scripts
- Inscriptions, Social Records, Cultural Records
- Ancient Egypt, Hieroglyphs, Writing
- Hittite, Cuneiform, Hieroglyphs
- Greek Inscriptions, Archaeology, Scripts
- Inscriptions, Archaeology, History
- Ancient Writing, Archaeology, Decipherment
Equation of exchange
The equation of exchange is an identity that expresses the same economic activity in two ways: It is written as......
Equator
Equator, great circle around Earth that is everywhere equidistant from the geographic poles and lies in a plane......
Erasmus
Erasmus was a Dutch humanist who was the greatest scholar of the northern Renaissance, the first editor of the......
Ervine, Saint John
Saint John Ervine was a British playwright, novelist, and critic, one of the first to write dramas in the style......
ethical consumerism
ethical consumerism, form of political activism based on the premise that purchasers in markets consume not only......
Ethnobotany
Ethnobotany, systematic study of the botanical knowledge of a social group and its use of locally available plants......
Ethnography
Ethnography, descriptive study of a particular human society or the process of making such a study. Contemporary......
Ethnolinguistics
Ethnolinguistics, that part of anthropological linguistics concerned with the study of the interrelation between......
ethnomusicology
ethnomusicology, field of scholarship that encompasses the study of all world musics from various perspectives.......
Eunapius
Eunapius was a Greek rhetorician and historiographer whose Lives of the Philosophers and Sophists is important......
Evans-Pritchard, E.E.
E.E. Evans-Pritchard was one of Englandâs foremost social anthropologists, especially known for his investigations......
Evelyn, John
John Evelyn was an English country gentleman, author of some 30 books on the fine arts, forestry, and religious......
evolutionary economics
evolutionary economics, field of economics that focuses on changes over time in the processes of material provisioning......
explication de texte
explication de texte, a method of literary criticism involving a detailed examination of each part of a work, such......
Faguet, Ămile
Ămile Faguet was a French literary historian and moralist who wrote many influential critical works revealing a......
fair-trade law
fair-trade law, in the United States, any law allowing manufacturers of branded or trademarked goods (or in some......
Fei Xiaotong
Fei Xiaotong was one of the foremost Chinese social anthropologists, noted for his studies of village life in China.......
Fenollosa, Ernest F.
Ernest F. Fenollosa was an American Orientalist and educator who made a significant contribution to the preservation......
FernĂĄndez Retamar, Roberto
Roberto FernĂĄndez Retamar was a Cuban poet, essayist, and literary critic and cultural spokesman for the regime......
Firth, John R.
John R. Firth was a British linguist specializing in contextual theories of meaning and prosodic analysis. He was......
Firth, Sir Raymond
Sir Raymond Firth was a New Zealand social anthropologist best known for his research on the Maori and other peoples......
fiscal policy
Fiscal policy refers to the spending programs and tax policies that the government uses to guide the economy. Governments......
Fischer, David Hackett
David Hackett Fischer is an American educator and historian whose books on American and comparative history combine......
Fisher, Saint John
Saint John Fisher ; canonized May 19, 1935; feast day July 9) was an English humanist, martyr, and prelate, who,......
Fitts, Dudley
Dudley Fitts was an American teacher, critic, poet, and translator, best known for his contemporary English versions......
Flaiano, Ennio
Ennio Flaiano was an Italian screenwriter, playwright, novelist, journalist, and drama critic who was especially......
Fletcher, Alice Cunningham
Alice Cunningham Fletcher was an American anthropologist whose stature as a social scientist, notably for her pioneer......
Folklore
Folklore, in modern usage, an academic discipline dedicated to the study of the various forms of folk culture.......
Ford Foundation
Ford Foundation, American philanthropic foundation, established in 1936 with gifts and bequests from Henry Ford......
forensic anthropology
forensic anthropology, application of physical anthropology to legal cases, usually with a focus on the human skeleton.......
Forkel, Johann Nikolaus
Johann Nikolaus Forkel was one of the first great musicologists and the first biographer of Johann Sebastian Bach.......
Formalism
Formalism, innovative 20th-century Russian school of literary criticism. It began in two groups: OPOYAZ, an acronym......
Fortes, Meyer
Meyer Fortes was a British social anthropologist known for his investigations of West African societies. After......
frame analysis
frame analysis, a broadly applied, relatively flexible label for a variety of approaches to studying social constructions......
Frankfurt School
Frankfurt School, group of researchers associated with the Institute for Social Research in Frankfurt am Main,......
Franklin and Marshall College
Franklin and Marshall College, private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Lancaster, Pennsylvania,......
Frazer, Sir James George
Sir James George Frazer was a British anthropologist, folklorist, and classical scholar, best remembered as the......
Freedman, Maurice
Maurice Freedman was a British scholar who was one of the worldâs leading experts on Chinese anthropology. After......
French republican calendar
French republican calendar, dating system that was adopted in 1793 during the French Revolution and which was intended......
Freshfield, Douglas
Douglas Freshfield was a British mountaineer, explorer, geographer, and author who advocated the recognition of......
Freudian criticism
Freudian criticism, literary criticism that uses the psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud to interpret a work......
Frischlin, Philipp Nikodemus
Philipp Nikodemus Frischlin was a German philologist, poet, and commentator on Virgil. He was one of the last of......
Frobenius, Leo
Leo Frobenius was a German explorer and ethnologist, one of the originators of the culture-historical approach......
Fry, Roger
Roger Fry was an English art critic and artist, best known as the champion of the movement he termed Post-Impressionism.......
Fuentes, Carlos
Carlos Fuentes was a Mexican novelist, short-story writer, playwright, critic, and diplomat whose experimental......
Fuller, Henry Blake
Henry Blake Fuller was an American novelist who wrote about his native city of Chicago. Fuller came from a prosperous......
Fuller, Margaret
Margaret Fuller was an American critic, teacher, and woman of letters whose efforts to civilize the taste and enrich......
Functionalism
Functionalism, in linguistics, the approach to language study that is concerned with the functions performed by......
Functionalism
Functionalism, in social sciences, theory based on the premise that all aspects of a societyâinstitutions, roles,......
Fustel de Coulanges, Numa Denis
Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges was a French historian, the originator of the scientific approach to the study of......
futurology
futurology, in the social sciences, the study of current trends in order to forecast future developments. While......
Fétis, François-Joseph
François-Joseph Fétis was a prolific scholar and pioneer scientific investigator of music history and theory. He......
Förster, Josef Bohuslav
Josef Bohuslav Förster was a Czech composer belonging to the school of LeoĆĄ JanĂĄcÌek and Josef Suk. The son of......
Galilei, Vincenzo
Vincenzo Galilei was the father of the astronomer Galileo and a leader of the Florentine Camerata, a group of musical......
Gautier, Théophile
Théophile Gautier was a poet, novelist, critic, and journalist whose influence was strongly felt in the period......