Humanities, LEV-MOR
The humanities are those branches of knowledge that concern themselves with human beings and their culture. The humanities include the study of all languages and literatures, the arts, history, and philosophy.
Humanities Encyclopedia Articles By Title
Levertin, Oscar Ivar
Oscar Ivar Levertin was a Swedish poet and scholar, a leader of the Swedish Romantic movement of the 1890s. Levertin......
Lewis, Wyndham
Wyndham Lewis was an English artist and writer who founded the Vorticist movement, which sought to relate art and......
Lezama Lima, José
José Lezama Lima was a Cuban experimental poet, novelist, and essayist whose baroque writing style and eclectic......
Lhote, André
André Lhote was a French painter, sculptor, writer, and educator who was a prominent critic and teacher of modern......
Li Zhizao
Li Zhizao was a Chinese mathematician, astronomer, and geographer whose translations of European scientific books......
Liberal arts
Liberal arts, college or university curriculum aimed at imparting general knowledge and developing general intellectual......
library science
library science, the principles and practices of library operation and administration, and their study. Libraries......
Likert, Rensis
Rensis Likert was an American social scientist who developed scales for attitude measurement and introduced the......
Lily, William
William Lily was an English Renaissance scholar and classical grammarian, a pioneer of Greek learning in England......
Linguistics
Linguistics, the scientific study of language. The word was first used in the middle of the 19th century to emphasize......
- Introduction
- Greek, Roman, Antiquity
- Renaissance, Grammar, Language
- 19th Century, Grammar, Phonology
- Structuralism, Generative Grammar, Sociolinguistics
- Transformational, Generative, Grammar
- Structures, Grammar, Phonology
- Morphology, Syntax, Semantics
- Syntax, Grammar, Semantics
- Semantics, Meaning, Language
- Chomsky's Grammar
- Modifications, Chomsky, Grammar
- Tagmemics, Grammar, Semantics
- Stratificational, Grammar, Syntax
- Prague School, Structuralism, Phonology
- Historical, Diachronic
- Comparative, Historical, Analysis
- Criticisms, Comparative Method
- Language Classification
- Grammar, Semantics, Phonology
- Sociolinguistics, Dialects, Variation
- Syntax, Semantics, Phonology
- Dialects, Geography, Variation
- Social Dialectology
Linton, Ralph
Ralph Linton was an American anthropologist who had a marked influence on the development of cultural anthropology.......
Lippard, Lucy
Lucy Lippard is an American activist, feminist, art critic, and curator noted for her many articles and books on......
Lipsius, Justus
Justus Lipsius was a Flemish humanist, classical scholar, and moral and political theorist. Appointed to the chair......
list of economists
This is a list of economists, ordered alphabetically by country of birth or residence. (See also...
literary criticism
literary criticism, the reasoned consideration of literary works and issues. It applies, as a term, to any argumentation......
Living will
Living will, document in which an individual specifies medical measures to be taken or withheld in the event that......
Livingstone, Sir Richard Winn
Sir Richard Winn Livingstone was a classical scholar and university administrator who championed the classical......
location theory
location theory, in economics and geography, theory concerned with the geographic location of economic activity;......
Lockhart, John Gibson
John Gibson Lockhart was a Scottish critic, novelist, and biographer, best remembered for his Life of Sir Walter......
Lomax, Alan
Alan Lomax was an American ethnomusicologist, one of the most dedicated and knowledgeable folk-music scholars of......
Lopes, Fernão
Fernão Lopes was a Portuguese historian, the first and greatest of the Portuguese royal chroniclers and the most......
Loras College
Loras College, private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Dubuque, Iowa, U.S. Affiliated with the......
Lowie, Robert H.
Robert H. Lowie was an Austrian-born American anthropologist whose extensive studies of North American Plains Indians......
Lugones, Leopoldo
Leopoldo Lugones was an Argentine poet, literary and social critic, and cultural ambassador, considered by many......
lunar calendar
lunar calendar, any dating system based on a year consisting of synodic months—i.e., complete cycles of phases......
Lundkvist, Artur
Artur Lundkvist was a Swedish poet, novelist, and literary critic. Lundkvist grew up in a rural community, where......
Luria, A R
A.R. Luria was a Soviet neuropsychologist. After earning degrees in psychology, education, and medicine, he became......
luxury
luxury, word that implies a relatively large consumption of wealth for nonessential pleasures. There is, however,......
Lycoming College
Lycoming College, private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Williamsport, Pennsylvania, U.S. It......
Lévi-Strauss, Claude
Claude Lévi-Strauss was a French social anthropologist and ethnologist best known for developing structuralism,......
Lönnrot, Elias
Elias Lönnrot was a folklorist and philologist who created the Finnish national epic, the Kalevala (1835, enlarged......
L’Hospital, Michel de
Michel de L’Hospital was a statesman, lawyer, and humanist who, as chancellor of France from 1560 to 1568, was......
Mabillon, Jean
Jean Mabillon was a French monastic scholar, antiquarian, and historian who pioneered the study of ancient handwriting......
MacCarthy, Sir Desmond
Sir Desmond MacCarthy was an English journalist who, as a weekly columnist for the New Statesman known as the “Affable......
Macdonald, Dwight
Dwight Macdonald was an American writer and film critic. He graduated from Yale University. In the 1930s he became......
Machiavelli, Niccolò
Niccolò Machiavelli was an Italian Renaissance political philosopher and statesman, secretary of the Florentine......
Mackinder, Halford
Halford Mackinder was a British political geographer noted for his work as an educator and for his geopolitical......
macroeconomics
macroeconomics, study of the behaviour of a national or regional economy as a whole. It is concerned with understanding......
Maffei, Francesco Scipione, marchese di
Francesco Scipione, marchese di Maffei was an Italian dramatist, archaeologist, and scholar who, in his verse tragedy......
Magnússon, Árni
Árni Magnússon was a Scandinavian antiquarian and philologist who built up the most important collection of early......
Malinowski, Bronisław
Bronisław Malinowski was one of the most important anthropologists of the 20th century who is widely recognized......
Malipiero, Gian Francesco
Gian Francesco Malipiero was a composer whose music represents a fusion of modern techniques with the stylistic......
Malraux, André
André Malraux was a French novelist, art historian, and statesman who became an active supporter of Gen. Charles......
Malte-Brun, Conrad
Conrad Malte-Brun was an author and coauthor of several geographies and a founder of the first modern geographic......
Malthusianism
Malthusianism, economic theory advanced by the English economist and demographer Thomas Malthus (1766–1834), according......
Mamet, David
David Mamet is an American playwright, director, and screenwriter noted for his often desperate working-class characters......
management science
management science, any application of science to the study of management. Originally a synonym for operations......
managerial economics
managerial economics, application of economic principles to decision-making in business firms or of other management......
Manchester University
Manchester University, private coeducational institution of higher learning in North Manchester, Indiana, U.S.......
Manuel, Niklaus
Niklaus Manuel was a painter, soldier, writer, and statesman, and a notable Swiss representative of the ideas of......
Maqdisī, al-
al-Maqdisī was an Arab traveler, geographer, and author of a noted work based on personal observations of the populations,......
Marett, Robert R.
Robert R. Marett was an English social anthropologist who, like Sir James George Frazer and Andrew Lang, came to......
marginal productivity theory
Marginal productivity theory is the idea that a company would be willing to pay a worker only what they can contribute......
marginal-cost pricing
marginal-cost pricing, in economics, the practice of setting the price of a product to equal the extra cost of......
Margunios, Maximus
Maximus Margunios was a Greek Orthodox bishop and humanist exponent of Greek culture in Italy, whose attempt to......
market failure
market failure, failure of a market to deliver an optimal result. In particular, the economic theory of market......
Marpurg, Friedrich Wilhelm
Friedrich Wilhelm Marpurg was a German composer and writer remembered for his theoretical and critical writings......
Martini, Giovanni Battista
Giovanni Battista Martini was an Italian composer, music theorist, and music historian who was internationally......
Masaccio
Masaccio was an important Florentine painter of the Early Renaissance whose frescoes in the Brancacci Chapel of......
Masʿūdī, al-
al-Masʿūdī was a historian and traveler, known as the “Herodotus of the Arabs.” He was the first Arab to combine......
Matshikiza, Todd
Todd Matshikiza was a journalist, writer, and musician noted for his score for the musical play King Kong (1960)......
Mattheson, Johann
Johann Mattheson was a composer and scholar whose writings are an important source of information about 18th-century......
Matthews, Brander
Brander Matthews was an essayist, drama critic, novelist, and the first U.S. professor of dramatic literature.......
Mauss, Marcel
Marcel Mauss was a French sociologist and anthropologist whose contributions include a highly original comparative......
Mauthner, Fritz
Fritz Mauthner was a German author, theatre critic, and exponent of philosophical Skepticism derived from a critique......
Maximilian II
Maximilian II was the Holy Roman emperor from 1564, whose liberal religious policies permitted an interval of peace......
Maximus The Greek
Maximus The Greek was a Greek Orthodox monk, Humanist scholar, and linguist, whose principal role in the translation......
McCarthy, Mary
Mary McCarthy was an American critic and novelist whose fiction is noted for its wit and acerbity in analyzing......
McLennan, John Ferguson
John Ferguson McLennan was a Scottish lawyer and ethnologist whose ideas on cultural evolution, kinship, and the......
Mead, Margaret
Margaret Mead was an American anthropologist whose great fame owed as much to the force of her personality and......
Meaning
Meaning, in philosophy and linguistics, is the sense of a linguistic expression, sometimes understood in contrast......
media ecology
Media ecology, in its distinct North American and European contexts, develops biological ecology by emphasizing......
medical jurisprudence
medical jurisprudence, science that deals with the relation and application of medical facts to legal problems.......
Meier-Graefe, Julius
Julius Meier-Graefe was an art critic and art historian widely regarded as a pioneering figure in the early development......
Meinecke, Friedrich
Friedrich Meinecke was the leading German historian of the first half of the 20th century and, together with his......
Mela, Pomponius
Pomponius Mela was the author of the only ancient treatise on geography in classical Latin, De situ orbis (“A Description......
Melanchthon, Philipp
Philipp Melanchthon was a German author of the Augsburg Confession of the Lutheran church (1530), humanist, reformer,......
Melo, Francisco Manuel de
Francisco Manuel de Melo was a Portuguese soldier, diplomat, and courtier who won fame as a poet, moralist, historian,......
Mencken, H.L.
H.L. Mencken was a controversial journalist and pungent critic of American life who powerfully influenced U.S.......
Merezhkovsky, Dmitry Sergeyevich
Dmitry Sergeyevich Merezhkovsky was a Russian poet, novelist, critic, and thinker who played an important role......
meridian
meridian, imaginary north–south line on the Earth’s surface that connects both geographic poles; it is used to......
Merriam, Clinton Hart
Clinton Hart Merriam was an American biologist and ethnologist, who helped found the National Geographic Society......
mesoregionalism
mesoregionalism, process of cooperation and integration in the development of intermediary regions, or “regions......
Metastasio, Pietro
Pietro Metastasio was an Italian poet and the most celebrated librettist in Europe writing during the 18th century......
Mi Fu
Mi Fu was a scholar, poet, calligrapher, and painter who was a dominant figure in Chinese art. Of his extensive......
microeconomics
microeconomics, branch of economics that studies the behaviour of individual consumers and firms. Unlike macroeconomics,......
Middle Ages
Middle Ages, the period in European history from the collapse of Roman civilization in the 5th century ce to the......
Middlebury College
Middlebury College, private coeducational institution of higher learning in Middlebury, Vermont, U.S. It is a small......
military intelligence
military intelligence, in military science, information concerning an enemy or an area. The term is also used for......
Mill, Hugh Robert
Hugh Robert Mill was a British geographer and meteorologist who exercised a great influence in the reform of geography......
Molière
Molière was a French actor and playwright who became the greatest of all writers of French comedy. Although the......
monetarism
monetarism, school of economic thought that maintains that the money supply (the total amount of money in an economy,......
monetary policy
monetary policy, measures employed by governments to influence economic activity, specifically by manipulating......
Monod, Gabriel
Gabriel Monod was a historian who helped introduce German historical methodology to France. One of the most scholarly......
Montague, Charles Edward
Charles Edward Montague was an English novelist and journalist noted for writings published in the Manchester Guardian......
month
month, a measure of time corresponding or nearly corresponding to the length of time required by the Moon to revolve......
Mooney, James
James Mooney was an early U.S. ethnographer of American Indians, especially those of the southeastern United States.......
More, Paul Elmer
Paul Elmer More was an American scholar and conservative critic, one of the leading exponents of the New Humanism......
More, Thomas
Thomas More ; canonized May 19, 1935; feast day June 22) was an English humanist and statesman and chancellor of......
Morelli, Giovanni
Giovanni Morelli was an Italian patriot and art critic whose methods of direct study established the foundation......