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Julius Caesar
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Statue of Julius Caesar in Roman military attire stands in front of a domed building in Rome, Italy, with a clear blue sky in the background.
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Julius Caesar Historical map of the western Mediterranean region during the Punic Wars, showing Carthaginian territory in orange and Roman territory in green around 270 BCE. Hannibal's route from Spain, across the Alps, and into Italy between 219 and 202 BCE is marked with a red line. Key battle sites with years are labeled throughout Spain, Italy, Sicily, and North Africa. Marble statue of Julius Caesar in a toga, standing with one arm extended, displayed indoors with ornate gold-framed decor in the background. Historical map of Roman Gaul, covering present-day France and parts of neighboring regions, marked with imperial frontiers, provincial boundaries, major Roman roads, provincial capitals, major maritime outlets, legionary and naval bases, and early veteran colonies. The map highlights key cities, tribal regions, and transport routes within the Roman provinces.
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Julius Caesar
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Julius Caesar, marble bust; in the Capitoline Museums, Rome.
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Overlooking the Roman Forum with Temple of Saturn in Rome, Italy
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Statue of Julius Caesar in Roman military attire stands in front of a domed building in Rome, Italy, with a clear blue sky in the background.
Julius Caesar Julius Caesar, bronze sculpture in Rome.

Julius Caesar

Roman ruler
Also known as: Gaius Julius Caesar
Written by
Arnold Joseph Toynbee
Director of Studies, Royal Institute of International Affairs, London, 1925–55. Research Professor of International History, University of London, 1925–55.
Arnold Joseph Toynbee
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Britannica Editors
Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree....
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•History

Julius Caesar (born July 12/13, 100? bce, Rome [Italy]—died March 15, 44 bce, Rome) was a celebrated Roman general and statesman, the conqueror of Gaul (58–50 bce), victor in the civil war of 49–45 bce, and dictator (46–44 bce), who was launching a series of political and social reforms when he was assassinated by a group of nobles in the Senate House on the Ides of March. He is one of the major figures of...

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