Julius Caesar did not marry Cleopatra, though the couple had a romantic relationship. After defeating his rival Pompey in Pelusium, Egypt, in 48 bce, Caesar wintered at Alexandria, where he first met Cleopatra. At the time, she had been displaced as coruler and was battling her younger brother for the throne. The two became lovers, and Caesar helped return Cleopatra to power. Caesar was married to Calpurnia at the time, though the Roman ruler was known for his numerous extramarital affairs. In 47 bce Cleopatra gave birth to Ptolemy Caesar (also called Caesarion, or “little Caesar”).
Caesar returned to Rome in 46 bce, and Cleopatra made at least one state visit, reportedly staying at Caesar’s private villa. She was in Rome when he was assassinated on March 15, 44 bce.