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How did Julius Caesar become pontifex maximus?

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Statue of Julius Caesar in Roman military attire stands in front of a domed building in Rome, Italy, with a clear blue sky in the background. — Julius Caesar Julius Caesar, bronze sculpture in Rome.

Julius Caesar was elected pontifex maximus in 63 BCE. During the late Roman Republic, the position of pontifex maximus—the supreme priest and head of the pontifices—was filled through a form of popular election.123

Caesar secured the office by defeating two distinguished principes (leading citizens) in a contest that was described as a political dodge. At the time of his election, he had not yet served as praetor, making his victory a startling success.12

The position was highly coveted for its immense dignity, power, and patronage, as the pontifex maximus held authority over the administration of religious law, the regulation of the calendar, and the oversight of various priesthoods and sacred rites. Although some Roman aristocrats viewed the state religion with cynicism, its ceremonial functions provided a recognized means of political manipulation, and the office offered more lasting influence than many standard magistracies. Caesar held this prestigious position for the final 20 years of his life.32