What was Julius Caesar’s relationship with Cleopatra in Egypt?

Julius Caesar and Cleopatra did not marry, as Caesar was already married to Calpurnia at the time. However, the two engaged in a significant romantic and political relationship.12

After Caesar arrived in Alexandria in 48 BCE, he and Cleopatra became lovers. Their alliance was mutually beneficial: Cleopatra sought Roman support to regain her throne from her brother Ptolemy XIII, while Caesar required funds to settle debts incurred by her father. Following a period where they were besieged together in Alexandria, Caesar helped restore Cleopatra to power.21

In 47 BCE, Cleopatra gave birth to a son, Ptolemy Caesar, known as Caesarion or "little Caesar," though it cannot be definitively proven that Caesar was the father. Cleopatra later visited Rome, where she stayed at Caesar’s private villa until his assassination in 44 BCE.21