earthquake: Earthquake observatories: The World-Wide Standardized Seismographic Network (WWSSN), the first modern worldwide standardized system, was established to help remedy this situation. Each station of the WWSSN had six seismographs—three short-period and three long-period seismographs. Timing and accuracy were maintained by crystal clocks, and a calibration pulse was placed…

global music, broadly speaking, music of the world’s cultures. The term global music replaced world music, which had been adopted in the 1980s to characterize non-English recordings that were released in Great Britain and the United States. Employed primarily by the media and record stores, this

Malcolm Turnbull: …the company was purchased by WorldCom in 1999 for $520 million (Australian). During this time, Turnbull became associated with the Australian Republican Movement (ARM), serving as its chairman from 1993 to 2000. He was one of the chief supporters of the unsuccessful referendum in 1999 that would have replaced the…

Pere Ubu: …Year (1988), Cloudland (1989), and Worlds in Collision (1991).

Immanuel Velikovsky: In his first book, Worlds in Collision (1950), he hypothesized that in historical times an electromagnetic derangement of the solar system caused Venus and Mars to approach the Earth closely, disturbing its rotation, axis inclination, and magnetic field. His later works are Ages in Chaos (1952), revising the chronology…

Svante Arrhenius: Other activities and personal life: …venture into this genre was Worlds in the Making (1908), originally published in Swedish and translated into several languages. In it he launched the hypothesis of panspermism—that is, he suggested life was spread about the universe by bacteria propelled by light pressure. These speculations have not found their way into…

The Worlds of Journalism Study (WJS) is an international project founded to regularly assess and compare the state of journalism throughout the world. The primary objective of the study is to generate comparative research aimed at helping journalism researchers, practitioners, media managers, and

possible world, Conception of a total way the universe might have been. It is often contrasted with the way things actually are. In his Theodicy (1710), G.W. Leibniz used the concept of a possible world in his proposed solution to the theological problem of the existence of evil, arguing that an

radio: In Africa: …1999 a satellite service called WorldSpace began operating several channels across most of Africa, providing yet another listening alternative, before it closed down in 2008 for lack of sufficient commercial support. The chief limitations on African radio early in the 21st century were primarily financial and in some cases political.

Worldwide Church of God, Adventist church founded in 1933 as the Radio Church of God by Herbert W. Armstrong (1892–1986), an American newspaper advertising designer. Until the mid-1990s the church taught a non-Trinitarian theology, held Saturday worship services, and preached the imminent return of

institutional performance: Indicators: The paradigmatic example is the Worldwide Governance Indicators project, which looks at (among other issues) government effectiveness—defined as the quality of public-service provision and of the bureaucracy, competence and independence of the civil service, and government’s commitment to policies—and at regulatory quality, which is defined as the lack of excessive…

WiMax, communication technology for wirelessly delivering high-speed Internet service to large geographical areas. Part of fourth generation (4G) wireless-communication technology, WiMax far surpassed the 30-metre (100-foot) wireless range of a conventional Wi-Fi local area network (LAN), offering

Italian literature: Other writings: … [1962], La macchina mondiale [1965; The Worldwide Machine], and Corporale [1974]). Leonardo Sciascia’s sphere is his native Sicily, whose present and past he displays with concerned and scholarly insight, with two of his better-known books—in the format of thrillers—covering the sinister operations of the local Mafia (Il giorno della civetta…

Ray Romano: …he had his production company, Worldwide Pants Inc., develop a situation comedy around Romano’s humour. The first episode of Everybody Loves Raymond aired on September 13, 1996, and by the following year it was consistently among the most-watched shows on American television. The sitcom was frequently nominated for an Emmy…

bioinformatics: Storage and retrieval of data: …biological macromolecular structure is the worldwide Protein Data Bank (wwPDB), a joint effort of the Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics (RCSB) in the United States, the Protein Data Bank Europe (PDBe) at the European Bioinformatics Institute in the United Kingdom, and the Protein Data Bank Japan at Ōsaka University. The…

Erykah Badu: …Lady,” and she followed with Worldwide Underground (2003), a collection that was marketed as an EP (extended play) in spite of its 50-minute length.

browser: …also created the first browser, WorldWideWeb, which became available in 1991 and could also be used to edit Web pages. Web use expanded rapidly after the release in 1993 of Mosaic, which used “point-and-click” graphical manipulations and was the first browser to display both text and images on a single…

computer worm, computer program designed to furtively copy itself into other computers. Unlike a computer virus, which “infects” other programs in order to transmit itself to still more programs, worms are generally independent programs and need no “host.” In fact, worms typically need no human

Dennis Rodman is an American professional basketball player who was one of the most skilled rebounders, best defenders, and most outrageous characters in the history of the professional game. He was a key part of two National Basketball Association (NBA) championship teams with the Detroit Pistons

CD-ROM: …CDs are also known as WORM discs, for “Write Once Read Many.” A rewritable version based on excitable crystals and known as CD-RW was introduced in the mid-1990s. Because both CD-R and CD-RW recorders originally required a computer to operate, they had limited acceptance outside of use as computer software…

worm, any of various unrelated invertebrate animals that typically have soft, slender, elongated bodies. Worms usually lack appendages; polychaete annelids are a conspicuous exception. Worms are members of several invertebrate phyla, including Platyhelminthes (flatworms), Annelida (segmented

CD-ROM: …CDs are also known as WORM discs, for “Write Once Read Many.” A rewritable version based on excitable crystals and known as CD-RW was introduced in the mid-1990s. Because both CD-R and CD-RW recorders originally required a computer to operate, they had limited acceptance outside of use as computer software…

gear: …are usually connected by a worm and gear. The worm resembles a screw, and the gear resembles a quarter section of a long nut that has been bent around a cylinder. The commonest angle between nonparallel shafts, either intersecting or nonintersecting, is a right angle (90°).

wormhole, solution of the field equations in German-born physicist Albert Einstein’s theory of general relativity that resembles a tunnel between two black holes or other points in space-time. Such a tunnel would provide a shortcut between its end points. In analogy, consider an ant walking across

lizard: Annotated classification: Family Amphisbaenidae (worm lizards) Limbless, wormlike lizards that are found through much of the tropical world but are entering the temperate zones of South Africa, South America, Europe, and Asia. They have short stubby tails and reduced eyes. 17 genera and about 130 species are known. Family…

E.R. Eddison: In Eddison’s most famous work, The Worm Ouroboros (1922), a tale of magic and wizardry, the hero travels to a planet named Mercury, where culture contains a blend of Eastern and Western feudal, classical, and modern cultures. Eddison’s Zimiamvia trilogy—Mistress of Mistresses (1935), A Fish Dinner in Memison (1941), and…

worm shell, any marine snail of the family Vermetidae (subclass Prosobranchia, class Gastropoda). The shell of these snails consists of an irregularly coiled, narrow tube that resembles a worm. Most species of both families live cemented to rock or coral substrates, and many are found in coral reef

worm snake, any of various harmless burrowing snakes of wormlike appearance. This name is often given to blind snakes of the family Typhlopidae. The American worm snake (Carphophis amoena), of the eastern United States, of the family Colubridae, is brown or blackish, with a pink belly. Adults

wormhole, solution of the field equations in German-born physicist Albert Einstein’s theory of general relativity that resembles a tunnel between two black holes or other points in space-time. Such a tunnel would provide a shortcut between its end points. In analogy, consider an ant walking across

Wormley Conference, (Feb. 26, 1877), in American history, meeting at Wormley’s Hotel in Washington, D.C., at which leaders of the Republican and Democratic parties resolved the disputed Rutherford B. Hayes–Samuel J. Tilden presidential election of 1876. Democrat Tilden had won a 250,000-vote

Worms, city, Rhineland-Palatinate Land (state), southwestern Germany. Worms is a port on the left (west) bank of the Rhine River, just northwest of Mannheim. Known originally as Celtic Borbetomagus, by the reign of Julius Caesar it was called Civitas Vangionum, the chief town of the Vangiones. In

Worms: The Cathedral of St. Peter (also known as Worms Cathedral) ranks with those of Speyer and Mainz as one of the finest Romanesque churches of the Rhine. The original building was consecrated in 1018 and was completed and remodeled in the 12th century. Additions were made…

Germany: Wenceslas: …count palatine Rupert II near Worms on November 6.

Concordat of Worms, compromise arranged in 1122 between Pope Calixtus II (1119–24) and the Holy Roman emperor Henry V (reigned 1106–25) settling the Investiture Controversy, a struggle between the empire and the papacy over the control of church offices. It had arisen between Emperor Henry IV

Maximilian I: Consolidation of power: …the Reichstag (Imperial Diet) at Worms in 1495, Maximilian sought to strengthen the empire. Laws were projected to reform the Reichskammergericht (Imperial Chamber of Justice) and taxation and to give permanency to the public peace; however, no solution was forthcoming for many military and administrative problems. The princes would permit…

Martin Luther: Diet of Worms: …8 Charles drew up an edict against him. Charles undertook one more unsuccessful effort to obtain the support of the estates, which continued to fear that Luther’s condemnation would incite rebellion among the commoners. The Diet then officially adjourned. On May 25, after the elector Joachim Brandenburg assured the emperor…

Germany: The civil war against Henry IV: At the synod of Worms in January 1076, Henry took the dramatic step of demanding that Gregory abdicate, and the German bishops renounced their allegiance to the pope. At his Lenten synod the following month, Gregory absolved all men from their oaths to Henry and solemnly excommunicated…

wormwood, any of several species of bitter or aromatic herbs or shrubs of the genus Artemisia of the aster family (Asteraceae) distributed throughout many parts of the world. Several species of wormwood are cultivated for their essential oils, which are used as flavourings or in herbal medicine.

Errol Morris: Television series: …Person (2000–01), and he directed Wormwood (2017), a Netflix miniseries based on real-life CIA agent Frank Olson, whose death was alleged to have been part of a government conspiracy. Morris also directed dozens of television commercials.

Hammersmith and Fulham: …the bleak space known as Wormwood Scrubs, with its prison built by convicts in 1874–90 and still in use today.

keyboard instrument: Other early forms: Robert Wornum in England built similar small uprights in 1811, and in 1842 he devised for them his “tape check” action, the direct forerunner of the modern upright action.

Oumou Sangaré: Several songs on Worotan (1996), for instance, featured soul-influenced wind arrangements led by American saxophonist Pee Wee Ellis. Both albums electrified African dance floors and, like their predecessor Moussoulou, spoke to pressing social issues, particularly those affecting women.

Worpswede school, group of artists who settled after 1889 in the north German village of Worpswede, near Bremen, in order to paint the local landscape. They depicted the heaths, meadows, forests, streams, bridges, windmills, and peasants of the area in a romantic and sentimental style, somewhat

Phoebe Worrall Palmer was an American evangelist and religious writer, an influential and active figure in the 19th-century Holiness movement in Christian fundamentalism. Phoebe Worrall was reared in a strict Methodist home. In 1827 she married Walter C. Palmer, a homeopathic physician and also a

Sir Frank Worrell was an exceptional all-around cricket player and captain (1960–63) of the West Indies international team, which under his leadership achieved world cricket supremacy in the early 1960s. Worrell, Everton D. Weekes, and Clyde L. Walcott (the “Three W’s”) made up what was considered

Sir Frank Worrell was an exceptional all-around cricket player and captain (1960–63) of the West Indies international team, which under his leadership achieved world cricket supremacy in the early 1960s. Worrell, Everton D. Weekes, and Clyde L. Walcott (the “Three W’s”) made up what was considered

Cologne: Early settlement and medieval growth: It was not until the Battle of Worringen, in 1288, that the archbishop was finally defeated, and the city of Cologne secured full self-government. From that time, Cologne was in fact a free imperial city, although it was only officially recognized as such in 1475.

I became the proverbial man in “man versus machine” when I faced the IBM supercomputer Deep Blue across the chessboard in the 1990s. In fact, The Man vs. the Machine was the very name of ESPN’s 2014 documentary about our two contests. I defeated Deep Blue (4–2) in our first face-off in 1996. When

Jens Jacob Asmussen Worsaae was a Danish archaeologist, a principal founder of prehistoric archaeology. His Danmarks Oldtid oplyst ved Oldsager og Gravhøie (1843; The Primeval Antiquities of Denmark) was one of the most influential archaeological works of the 19th century. At an early age Worsaae

worship, broadly defined, the response, often associated with religious behaviour and a general feature of almost all religions, to the appearance of that which is accepted as holy—that is, to a sacred power or being. Characteristic modes of response to the holy include cultic acts of all kinds:

totemism: McLennan to Thurnwald: …perspective, and in his study The Worship of Animals and Plants (1869, 1870) he did not seek to explain the specific origin of the totemistic phenomenon but sought to indicate that all of the human race had in ancient times gone through a totemistic stage.

George Cruikshank: …painted a huge canvas titled The Worship of Bacchus.

Samuel Davies: …placed on religious rights and freedoms resulted (after his death) in the lobbying of Presbyterian leaders who, during the formation of Virginia’s state constitution, helped to defeat a provision for an established church. Davies, whose sermons were printed in some 20 editions, was also one of the first successful American…

Beijing: Recreation: …of Worship (Baidian), now the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, which dates to the early 15th century; its simple form, masterly design, and sturdy woodwork bear the characteristic marks of early Ming architecture. The Water Pavilion, built out over a lotus pond on three sides to provide a gathering place for…

James Tate: …won the Pulitzer Prize, and Worshipful Company of Fletchers (1994) received the National Book Award. In 1995 he won the Academy of American Poets’ Wallace Stevens Award. Tate’s later collections include Memoir of the Hawk (2001), Return to the City of White Donkeys (2004), and Dome of the Hidden Pavilion…

glassware: England: …industry was played by the Worshipful Company of Glass Sellers (reincorporated in 1664), which was able to keep closely in touch with the needs of the English market. Its members seem to have laid stress on simplicity of shape and durability of material, as appears from the correspondence of one…

Fay Weldon: …of Short Stories (1995); and Worst Fears (1996), in which an actress must face her fear of being cheated on by her husband.

Bella Ramsey: The Worst Witch and first film roles: …in the children’s TV show The Worst Witch (2017–20). The latest adaptation of Jill Murphy’s long-standing fantasy book series of the same title, the show follows the adventures of the clumsy but lovable Mildred as she attends Miss Cackle’s Academy for Witches. After three seasons, Ramsey announced in 2020 that…

Douglas Coupland: …The Gum Thief (2007), and Worst. Person. Ever. (2013). In addition, Coupland penned the screenplay for Everything’s Gone Green (2006), and he cocreated and cowrote the TV series jPod (2008), which was based on his 2006 novel. Bit Rot: Stories + Essays appeared in 2016.

worsted knitting yarn, wool yarn made of long-staple fibres that have been combed to remove undesirable short fibres and make them lie parallel. In the spinning operation, which imparts the necessary twist to hold the fibres together, worsted yarns are more tightly twisted than are the bulkier

beer: Mixing the mash: …brewing, in which highly concentrated worts are made, fermented, and then diluted, allowing more beer to be brewed on the same equipment.

Abraham Ortelius was a Flemish cartographer and dealer in maps, books, and antiquities, who published the first modern atlas, Theatrum orbis terrarum (1570; “Theatre of the World”). Trained as an engraver, Ortelius about 1554 set up his book and antiquary business. About 1560, under the influence

Howland Island, coral atoll, unincorporated territory of the United States. It lies in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, about 1,650 miles (2,650 km) southwest of Honolulu. The atoll rises to 20 feet (6 metres), is 1.5 miles (2.4 km) long by 0.5 mile (0.8 km) wide, and has a land area of less than

feminism: The ancient world: …Il merito delle donne (1600; The Worth of Women), a feminist broadside by another Venetian author, Moderata Fonte, was published posthumously. Defenders of the status quo painted women as superficial and inherently immoral, while the emerging feminists produced long lists of women of courage and accomplishment and proclaimed that women…

Franco-German War: The French collapse and the siege of Paris: …suffering a check at the Battle of Wörth on August 6, 1870, the commander of the French right (south) wing, Marshal Patrice Mac-Mahon, retreated westward. That same day, about 40 miles (65 km) to the northeast, the commander of the French left wing, Marshal Achille Bazaine, was dislodged from near…

Charles Frederick Worth was a pioneer fashion designer and one of the founders of Parisian haute couture. In 1845 Worth left London, where he had worked in a yard-goods firm, for Paris, where he was employed in a dress accessories shop. His timing was propitious, as the creation of the Second

Irene Worth was an American actress noted for her versatility and aristocratic bearing. Although she had her greatest success on the stages of London’s West End, she also earned three Tony awards for her work on Broadway. Worth trained as a teacher at the University of California, Los Angeles

Palm Beach: …the Atlantic Ocean (east) and Lake Worth (west). The latter, actually a lagoon (part of the Intracoastal Waterway), is bridged to West Palm Beach. In 1878 a shipwrecked cargo of coconuts was washed onto the barren, sandy beach and took root. Early settlers also gathered the nuts and planted them…

Worthenia, genus of extinct gastropods (snails) preserved as common fossils in rocks of Devonian to Triassic age (416 million to 200 million years old) but especially characteristic of Late Carboniferous deposits (318 million to 299 million years old) in the midcontinent region of North America.

Worthing, borough (district), administrative county of West Sussex, historic county of Sussex, England, on the English Channel. Shoreham-by-Sea, in neighbouring Adur district to the east, is the administrative centre. Road and railway links to London, 58 miles (93 km) northwest, have spurred

Worthington, city, Franklin county, central Ohio, U.S. It lies along the Olentangy River and is a northern suburb of Columbus. Planned in 1803 by the Scioto Land Company, it was first settled by New England families led by James Kilbourne, who named it for Thomas Worthington, U.S. senator and

Valley City, city, seat (1879) of Barnes county, southeastern North Dakota, U.S. It lies in the Sheyenne River valley, about 60 miles (100 km) west of Fargo. Before settlement, Cheyenne, Sioux, Cree, and Ojibwa Indians hunted in the area. The community was founded in 1872 with the coming of the

Douai-Reims Bible: …Martin (the chief translator), and Thomas Worthington, who provided the Old Testament annotations, was instrumental in its production. They undertook the work—initiated by Allen—in order to provide English-speaking Roman Catholics with an authoritative Roman Catholic version of the Bible, as an alternative to the several Protestant translations then in existence.…

Dean Smith: …them, including Michael Jordan and James Worthy, went on to become standouts in the NBA. Others, such as Larry Brown and Roy Williams, became renowned coaches at the collegiate or professional level. Smith was also known for his strong commitment to racial integration, becoming one of the first white coaches…

Oceanic art and architecture: The Sepik River regions: …form was repeated among the Wosera on a huge scale as a ritual headpiece made of feathers.

folk dance: Dancing for enlightenment: …developed by the German dancer Bernard Wosien, who encountered circle-type folk dances in his European travels and was impressed with the spirituality they inspired in him. He found an established spiritual and ecological community at Findhorn, Scotland, and joined the group in 1976. More dance groups formed in Scotland and…

Odin, one of the principal gods in Norse mythology. His exact nature and role, however, are difficult to determine because of the complex picture of him given by the wealth of archaeological and literary sources. The Roman historian Tacitus stated that the Teutons worshiped Mercury; and because

Walk off the Earth, Canadian music group that gained a reputation for their playful videos of cover songs and unique blend of folk, rock, pop, and reggae. The band gained an international following in 2012 with their cover of the Gotye song “Somebody That I Used to Know,” which the five band

Fritz Wotruba was an Austrian sculptor of spare, architectonic images of the human form. Wotruba learned engraving at age 14; in 1925–26 he was the student of sculptor Anton Hanak. Wrought in hard stone with a coarse texture, his early works were representational, but they became more abstract as

Dave Wottle is an American runner and education administrator who won a gold medal at the 1972 Olympics in Munich. Wottle was a member of the Bowling Green (Ohio) State University track team, winning the 1,500-metre race at the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) championships in 1972.

Sir Henry Wotton was an English poet, diplomat, and art connoisseur who was a friend of the poets John Donne and John Milton. Of his few surviving poems, “You Meaner Beauties of the Night,” written to Elizabeth of Bohemia, is the most famous. Izaak Walton’s biography of Wotton was prefixed to the

Herman Wouk was an American novelist best known for his epic war novels. During World War II Wouk served in the Pacific aboard the destroyer-minesweeper Zane. One of his best-known novels, The Caine Mutiny (1951), grew out of these years. This drama of naval tradition presented the unforgettable

There’s another food revolution coming. And it isn’t a quiet one. It’s practically buzzing. And clicking. And crunching. It’s almost orchestral, really, in a tinny, droning sort of way. That’s right: an increasing number of scientists suggest that if we’re to support our booming population in the

Loretta Lynn: …2017, Lynn released the album Wouldn’t It Be Great (2018). Still Woman Enough, which was named after Lynn’s 2002 memoir, appeared in 2021. In 2013 Lynn was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Her half sister, Crystal Gayle, also had a successful recording career.

Maya Angelou: Poetry and other works: …wrote a book of meditations, Wouldn’t Take Nothing for My Journey Now (1993), and children’s books that include My Painted House, My Friendly Chicken and Me (1994), Life Doesn’t Frighten Me (1998), and the Maya’s World series, which was published in 2004–05 and features stories of children from various parts…

wound, a break in the continuity of any bodily tissue due to violence, where violence is understood to encompass any action of external agency, including, for example, surgery. Within this general definition many subdivisions are possible, taking into account and grouping together the various forms

The Wound and the Bow, book of literary criticism by Edmund Wilson, published in 1941. Employing psychological and historical analysis, Wilson examines the childhood psychological traumas experienced by such writers as Charles Dickens, Ernest Hemingway, James Joyce, Rudyard Kipling, and Edith

ballistics: Wound ballistics is mainly concerned with the mechanisms and medical implications of trauma caused by bullets and explosively driven fragments. Upon penetration, the momentum given to the surrounding tissues generates a large temporary cavity. The extent of local injury is related to the size of…

electric motor: Wound-rotor induction motors: Some special induction motors are constructed with insulated coils in the rotor similar to those in the stator winding. The rotor windings are usually of a three-phase type with three connections made to insulated conducting rings (known as slip rings) mounted on…

Wounded Knee, hamlet and creek on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in southwestern South Dakota, U.S. It was the site of two conflicts, in 1890 and 1973, between Native Americans and the U.S. federal government. On December 29, 1890, approximately 150–300 Lakota men, women, and children were

Wounded Knee Massacre, (December 29, 1890), the slaughter of approximately 150–300 Lakota individuals by United States Army troops in the area of Wounded Knee Creek in southwestern South Dakota. The massacre was the climax of the U.S. Army’s late 19th-century efforts to repress the Plains peoples.

Anna Mae Aquash: …the site of the 1890 Wounded Knee massacre. The purpose of the protest was to end a corrupt administration on the nearby Pine Ridge Reservation. After 70 days, federal intervention ended the occupation. Aquash and Nogeeshik Aquash (whom she married in 1973) were instrumental in supplying food and other goods…

Anna Mae Aquash: …the site of the 1890 Wounded Knee massacre. The purpose of the protest was to end a corrupt administration on the nearby Pine Ridge Reservation. After 70 days, federal intervention ended the occupation. Aquash and Nogeeshik Aquash (whom she married in 1973) were instrumental in supplying food and other goods…

Lamiaceae: Major genera and species: …the genus Stachys, or the woundworts generally, had supposed value as folk remedies. Self-heal, or heal-all (Prunella vulgaris), provided another important source of herbal medicine. The 40 to 50 species of the genus Lamium are known as dead nettles; they are low weedy plants that are sometimes cultivated as medicinal…

Douala: The Wouri Bridge, 5,900 feet (1,800 meters) long, joins Douala to the port of Bonabéri and carries both road and rail traffic to western Cameroon. The city is connected by road to all major towns in Cameroon, has rail links to Kumba, Nkongsamba, Yaoundé, and Ngaoundéré,…

Wouri River, stream in southwestern Cameroon whose estuary on the Atlantic Ocean is the site of Douala, the country’s major industrial center and port. Two headstreams—the Nkam and the Makombé—join to form the Wouri, 20 miles (32 km) northeast of Yabassi. The river then flows in a southwesterly

Multatuli: …Ideën is his autobiographical novel Woutertje Pieterse, an early work of realism.

Philips Wouwerman was a Dutch Baroque painter of animals, landscapes, and genre scenes, best known for his studies of horses. First trained under his father, Paul Joosten Wouwerman, a painter from Alkmaar, he may also have studied with Pieter Cornelisz., Pieter Verbeeck, and Frans Hals. He appears,

Philips Wouwerman was a Dutch Baroque painter of animals, landscapes, and genre scenes, best known for his studies of horses. First trained under his father, Paul Joosten Wouwerman, a painter from Alkmaar, he may also have studied with Pieter Cornelisz., Pieter Verbeeck, and Frans Hals. He appears,

Oceanic art and architecture: The Hawaiian Islands: With the cloaks, chiefs wore wicker helmets, shaped as caps with crescentic crests, which were also covered in feathers. Heads of the war god were also made of wickerwork covered with red feathers; the mouths on such heads were set with dog’s teeth, and the eyes were made of large…