Usman dan Fodio was a Fulani mystic, philosopher, and revolutionary reformer who, in a jihad (holy war) between 1804 and 1808, created a new Muslim state, the Fulani empire, in what is now northern Nigeria. Usman was born in the Hausa state of Gobir, in what is now northwestern Nigeria. His father,

antisemitism: Antisemitism in medieval Europe: …prominent in trade, banking, and moneylending, and Jews’ economic and cultural successes tended to arouse the envy of the populace. This economic resentment, allied with traditional religious prejudice, prompted the forced expulsion of Jews from several countries and regions, including England (1290), France (14th century), Germany (1350s), Portugal (1496), Provence…

Francisco Ayala: …a book of short stories, Los usurpadores (“The Usurpers”), in which he examines the innate immorality of one person subjugating another to his will. This theme is treated in the context of the history of Spain, and the finest story in the book—“El hechizado” (“The Bewitched”)—is a macabre story of…

usury, in modern law, the practice of charging an illegal rate of interest for the loan of money. In Old English law, the taking of any compensation whatsoever was termed usury. With the expansion of trade in the 13th century, however, the demand for credit increased, necessitating a modification

marriage law: …effectively marriage by purchase, while usus, the most informal variety, was marriage simply by mutual consent and evidence of extended cohabitation. Roman law generally placed the woman under the control of her husband and on the same footing as children. Under Roman law no slave could contract marriage with either…

Roman law: The law of property and possession: …the life of the holder, usus permitted merely the use of a thing; thus, a person could live in a house but could not let it, as that would be equivalent to “taking the fruits.”

Roman law: The law of property and possession: Ususfructus was the right to use and take the fruits (such as crops) of a thing and corresponded to the modern notion of life interest. A more restricted right, likewise not extending beyond the life of the holder, usus permitted merely the use of a…

Cetshwayo: …Zulu group known as the Usuthu. During a Zulu civil war in 1856, Cetshwayo’s Usuthu force defeated his rival and brother Mbuyazwe’s Gqoza group in a violent encounter at the Battle of Ndondakasuka (near the lower Tugela River). After his victory, Cetshwayo was widely regarded as the de facto heir…

Maputo River, river formed by the confluence in southwestern Mozambique of the Great Usutu River (flowing from Swaziland) and the Pongola River (flowing from South Africa). From the confluence it flows about 50 miles (80 km) northeastward to enter Delagoa Bay, 14 miles (23 km) south-southeast of

volleyball: History: …1928 the USVBA—now known as USA Volleyball (USAV)—has conducted annual national men’s and senior men’s (age 35 and older) volleyball championships, except during 1944 and 1945. Its women’s division was started in 1949, and a senior women’s division (age 30 and older) was added in 1977. Other national events in…

United Steelworkers (USW), American labour union representing workers in metallurgical industries as well as in healthcare and other service industries. The union grew out of an agreement reached in 1936 between the newly formed Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO; later the Congress of

Muhammad: Status in the Qurʾān and in post-Qurʾānic Islam of Muhammad: …Muhammad as an “exemplar” (uswah) to the believers (33:21). Such pronouncements form an important impetus for the later view that the “custom” (sunnah) of Muhammad holds normative significance for all Muslims and that in working out God’s commandments Islamic scholars are to rely on Prophetic precedent to supplement and…

National Weather Service (NWS), official weather bureau of the United States, founded on February 9, 1870, and charged with providing weather, hydrologic, and climate forecasts and warnings for the United States, its possessions, and its marine and freshwater approaches. Such weather forecasts and

Michelle Akers: She helped the U.S. Women’s National Team (USWNT) win two World Cups (1991 and 1999) and an Olympic gold medal (1996).

USX was an American holding company that was incorporated in 1986 to oversee the operations formerly directed by the United States Steel Corporation. Its four independent operating units were USS (United States Steel Corporation), Marathon Oil, Texas Oil & Gas, and U.S. Diversified Group. After

Oleksandr Usyk is a Ukrainian professional boxer who became the two-time undisputed heavyweight world champion by unanimous decision on July 19, 2025. Nicknamed “the Cat” for his agility, quick footwork, and slick technical skills in the ring, Usyk is considered among the greatest heavyweight

Osman Ali was the nizam (ruler) of Hyderabad princely state in India in the period 1911–48 and its constitutional president until 1956. Once one of the richest men in the world, he ruled over a state the size of Italy. After a private education, Osman Ali succeeded his father, Maḥbūb ʿAlī Khan, the

Universal Time (UT), the mean solar time of the Greenwich meridian (0° longitude). Universal Time replaced the designation Greenwich Mean Time in 1928; it is now used to denote the solar time (q.v.) when an accuracy of about one second suffices. In 1955 the International Astronomical Union defined

Fritz Reuter: Ut de Franzosentid (1859; “During the Time of the French Conquest”) presents, with a mixture of seriousness and humour, life in a Mecklenburg country town during the War of Liberation against Napoleon. Ut mine Festungstid (1862; “During the Time of My Incarceration”) is an account…

Fritz Reuter: Ut mine Festungstid (1862; “During the Time of My Incarceration”) is an account of his last few years in prison told without bitterness. Ut mine Stromtid (1862–64; “During My Apprenticeship”) is considered his masterpiece. In this work, originally issued in three volumes, Reuter’s resemblance to…

Fritz Reuter: Ut mine Stromtid (1862–64; “During My Apprenticeship”) is considered his masterpiece. In this work, originally issued in three volumes, Reuter’s resemblance to Charles Dickens as a great storyteller and as a creator of characters is most apparent; its humorous hero, Entspektor Bräsig, is as memorable…

Guido d’Arezzo: John the Baptist, Ut queant laxis, in which the first syllable of each line falls on a different tone of the hexachord (the first six tones of the major scale); these syllables, ut, re, mi, fa, sol, and la, are used in Latin countries as the names of…

St. John Paul II: Christian ecumenism: John Paul’s highly personalized encyclical Ut unum sint (1995; “That They May Be One”) reviewed 30 years of ecumenical relations, including his visits—the first by any pope—to Canterbury Cathedral in England and to Lutheran churches in Germany and Sweden. Its invitation to non-Catholic churches to join John Paul in rethinking…

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina: Music of Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina: sacerdos magnus; L’Homme armé; Ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la; Ave Maria; Tu es Petrus; and Veni Creator Spiritus. These titles refer to the source of the particular cantus firmus. Palestrina’s mastery of contrapuntal ingenuity may be appreciated to the fullest extent in some of his canonic masses (in…

Uta, genus of New World lizards of the family Iguanidae. At least nine species of side-blotched lizards occur in the southwestern United States and adjacent regions of Mexico. The common side-blotched lizard, or ground uta (Uta stansburiana), is widespread in the western United States. Uta species

Japanese literature: Prose: …content and form to the uta monogatari (“poem tales”) that emerged as a literary genre later in the 10th century. Ise monogatari (c. 980; Tales of Ise) consists of 143 episodes, each containing one or more poems and an explanation in prose of the circumstances of composition. The brevity and…

Uta: The common side-blotched lizard, or ground uta (Uta stansburiana), is widespread in the western United States. Uta species range in length from 10 to 27 cm (4 to 11 inches). They are usually dull-coloured; the males of some species have a blue throat and abdomen. These lizards…

Hiroshige was a Japanese artist, one of the last great ukiyo-e (“pictures of the floating world”) masters of the colour woodblock print. His genius for landscape compositions was first recognized in the West by the Impressionists and Post-Impressionists. His print series Fifty-three Stations of the

Utagawa Kunisada was a Japanese artist who was probably the most prolific of all the painters and printmakers of the ukiyo-e (“pictures of the floating world”) movement. He was particularly known for his erotically decadent portraits of women, executed with a powerful, free style. Kunisada also

Utagawa Kuniyoshi was a Japanese painter and printmaker of the ukiyo-e (“pictures of the floating world”) movement. Like his rival Utagawa Kunisada, Kuniyoshi was a pupil of Utagawa Toyokuni. He established his fame as the designer of musha-e (“warrior prints”) with his series of prints entitled

Hiroshige: …school of the ukiyo-e master Utagawa Toyohiro. Hiroshige is said to have first applied to the school of the more popular artist Utagawa Toyokuni, a confrere of Toyohiro. Had Hiroshige been accepted as a pupil by Toyokuni, he might well have ended his days as a second-rate imitator of that…

Utagawa Toyokuni was a Japanese artist of the ukiyo-e (“pictures of the floating world”) movement who developed the style of his master, Utagawa Toyoharu, making it one of the most popular of its day. Toyokuni specialized in prints of actors but was also known for his portraits of women. His

Utah, constituent state of the United States of America. Mountains, high plateaus, and deserts form most of its landscape. The capital, Salt Lake City, is located in the north-central region of the state. The state lies in the heart of the West and is bounded by Idaho to the north, Wyoming to the

Willam Christensen: …it changed its name to Ballet West. Christensen retired as director a decade later and was succeeded by Bruce Marks. As a choreographer, Christensen created works to music by J.S. Bach, Felix Mendelssohn, Igor Stravinsky, Ludwig van Beethoven, and Darius Milhaud.

Utah Beach, the westernmost beach of the five landing areas of the Normandy Invasion of World War II. It was assaulted on June 6, 1944 (D-Day of the invasion), by elements of the U.S. 4th Infantry Division and was taken with relatively few casualties. In the predawn hours of D-Day, units of the

Utah Mammoth, American professional ice hockey team based in Salt Lake City, Utah, that competes in the Western Conference of the NHL. The team began play as an expansion team in the 2024–25 season. Billionaire tech businessman and Utah resident Ryan Smith started making inquiries about bringing an

Utah Jazz, American professional basketball team based in Salt Lake City, Utah, that plays in the Western Conference of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The Jazz have won two conference championships (1997 and 1998). Originally based in New Orleans, whose storied music history gave the

Utah Lake, freshwater lake in Utah county, north-central Utah, U.S. It covers 150 square miles (390 square km) and is 23 miles (37 km) long. Utah Lake drains through the Jordan River into Great Salt Lake to the northwest and is a remnant of prehistoric Lake Bonneville. It is the site of Utah Lake

Utah Mammoth, American professional ice hockey team based in Salt Lake City, Utah, that competes in the Western Conference of the NHL. The team began play as an expansion team in the 2024–25 season. Billionaire tech businessman and Utah resident Ryan Smith started making inquiries about bringing an

prairie dog: …of the Great Basin; the Utah prairie dog (C. parvidens) is restricted to the southern part of that state; and the Mexican prairie dog (C. mexicanus) occurs in northern Mexico.

National Women’s Soccer League: The league is slated to add Boston Legacy FC and Denver Summit FC as its 15th and 16th teams in 2026, and its 17th team, based in Atlanta, in 2028. The NWSL previously included three teams—the Boston Breakers, FC Kansas…

Utah State University, public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Logan, Utah, U.S. It is a comprehensive, land-grant university with about 45 academic departments within colleges of Agriculture, Business, Education, Engineering, Family Life, Natural Resources, Science, Humanities,

American Fork: The Utah State Development Center (established as the Utah State Training School in 1931), a school for the mentally and physically disabled, is a major employer. The Timpanogos Cave National Monument is 7 miles (11 km) east. Pop. (1970) 7,713; (2000) 21,941; (2010) 26,263.

Utah State University, public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Logan, Utah, U.S. It is a comprehensive, land-grant university with about 45 academic departments within colleges of Agriculture, Business, Education, Engineering, Family Life, Natural Resources, Science, Humanities,

Salt Lake City: The contemporary city: Cultural institutions include the state opera and symphony orchestra, the Utah Museum of Fine Arts, a children’s museum, and the Utah Museum of Natural History (on the university campus). Tracy Aviary in Liberty Park houses 135 species of birds. The Utah Shakespearean Festival is held annually from June through…

computer graphics: 3-D rendering: …into graphical images is the Utah Teapot, created at the University of Utah in 1975. Represented skeletally as a wire-frame image, the Utah Teapot is composed of many small polygons. However, even with hundreds of polygons, the image is not smooth. Smoother representations can be provided by Bezier curves, which…

Assassination of Charlie Kirk: … on September 10, 2025, at Utah Valley University (UVU) in Orem, Utah, when a single shot fired from a distance of some 175 yards (160 meters) hit Kirk in the neck, killing him. Video of the shooting spread quickly on social media, exposing millions of people to the gruesome killing.

Assassination of Charlie Kirk: … on September 10, 2025, at Utah Valley University (UVU) in Orem, Utah, when a single shot fired from a distance of some 175 yards (160 meters) hit Kirk in the neck, killing him. Video of the shooting spread quickly on social media, exposing millions of people to the gruesome killing.

Salt Lake City: History: officials led to the so-called Utah War of 1857–58, when General Albert Sidney Johnston’s troops marched through the city to establish Camp Floyd west of Utah Lake. Social and religious conflict between Mormons and non-Mormons continued to influence the life of the city for a century.

Utah’s early flag designs incorporated the state seal. The design of the seal was adopted in 1850 by the Territory of Utah and modified by the artist Harry Edwards when Utah became a state in 1896. He added a bald eagle and crossed U.S. flags to indicate the protection of the United States and

University of Utah, public, coeducational institution of higher education in Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S. It is a comprehensive university with many research opportunities and academic programs. Through 16 colleges and schools it offers some 75 undergraduate degree programs and more than 90 graduate

Sundance Film Festival, independent-film festival held in Park City, Utah, each January. It is one of the most respected and celebrated film festivals in the United States. The Sundance Film Festival began in September 1978 in Salt Lake City, Utah, under the name Utah/United States Film Festival.

Noh theatre: The recitation (utai) is one of the most important elements in the performance. Each portion of the written text carries a prescription of the mode of recitation—as well as of accompanying movement or dance—although application of this may be varied slightly. Each type of dialogue and song…

Banana Yoshimoto: …books—Kanashii yokan (“Sad Foreboding”) and Utakata/Sankuchuari (“Bubble/Sanctuary”)—were published in Japan that year. Kitchin was translated into Chinese in 1989. A translation of Tsugumi (1989; Goodbye, Tsugumi) appeared the following year in South Korea. Her first book published in English translation, which contained both Moonlight Shadow and Kitchin, was published as…

Utamaro was a Japanese printmaker and painter who was one of the greatest artists of the ukiyo-e (“pictures of the floating world”) movement; he is known especially for his masterfully composed portraits of sensuous female beauties. Probably born in a provincial town, he went to Edo (now Tokyo)

Hiroshige was a Japanese artist, one of the last great ukiyo-e (“pictures of the floating world”) masters of the colour woodblock print. His genius for landscape compositions was first recognized in the West by the Impressionists and Post-Impressionists. His print series Fifty-three Stations of the

Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), international basis of civil and scientific time, which was introduced on January 1, 1960. The unit of UTC is the atomic second, and UTC is widely broadcast by radio signals. These signals ultimately furnish the basis for the setting of all public and private

United Technologies Corporation (UTC) was an American conglomerate with major operations in aerospace products and services, including jet engines, aircraft systems, and industrial technologies. Formed in 1934 as United Aircraft Corporation, it adopted the name United Technologies in 1975 to

Eye of Horus, in ancient Egypt, symbol representing protection, health, and restoration. According to Egyptian myth, Horus lost his left eye in a struggle with Seth. The eye was magically restored by Hathor, and this restoration came to symbolize the process of making whole and healing. For this

Grand Junction, city, seat (1883) of Mesa county, western Colorado, U.S. It lies in the Grand Valley (elevation 4,586 feet [1,398 metres]), at the confluence of the Colorado and Gunnison rivers. The area was settled by ranchers in 1881 after the expulsion of the Ute Indians and was first called Ute

Ute, Numic-speaking group of North American Indians originally living in what is now western Colorado and eastern Utah; the latter state is named after them. When the Spanish Father Silvestre Vélez de Escalante traversed their territory in 1776 while seeking a route from Santa Fe (now in New

Karl Ove Knausgaard: First fictional works: …fame, but his first novel, Ute av verden (1998; “Out of the World”), was masterfully written and became the first debut novel to win the Norwegian Critics’ Prize. The novel, structured in three parts, told the story of a 30-something teacher who falls in love with one of his 13-year-old…

Taos: …region with isolated mountains, including Ute Peak (10,093 feet [3,076 metres]). The Rio Grande flows through the Picuris Range in a deep gorge, curving from north to southwest. Carson National Forest, including the Latir Peak and Wheeler Peak wildernesses, covers much of the county. The Taos and Picuris Pueblo Indian…

Yvonne Farrell and Shelley McNamara: …followed, including the campus of Universidad de Ingeniería y Tecnología (UTEC) Lima (2015); the Toulouse School of Economics at the Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (2019), France; and the Institut Mines-Télécom (2019), Paris. The sloping concrete UTEC building recalls Lima’s seaside cliffs and Le Corbusier’s concrete works for Chandigarh, India. The…

Côte d’Azur: Alpes-Maritimes include Gourdon, Èze, Utelle, and Peille; many such towns are perched on cliffs. Their streets are narrow and paved with flagstones or cobbles; houses are built of stone and roofed with rounded tiles. The doors of larger houses feature elaborate bronze knockers and hinges of wrought iron. The…

uterine bleeding, abnormal bleeding from the uterus, which is not related to menstruation. Menstruation is the normal cyclic bleeding that occurs when the egg has been released from the ovary and fertilization has not occurred. Other episodes of bleeding that cannot be considered part of the normal

uterine cancer, a disease characterized by the abnormal growth of cells in the uterus. Endometrial cancer, which affects the endometrium, or the lining of the uterus, is the most common cancer of the female reproductive tract. Other uterine cancers, known as uterine sarcomas, develop from

cervix, lowest region of the uterus; it attaches the uterus to the vagina and provides a passage between the vaginal cavity and the uterine cavity. The cervix, only about 4 centimetres (1.6 inches) long, projects about 2 centimetres into the upper vaginal cavity. The cervical opening into the

birth: First stage: dilatation: …in labour, uterine contractions, or labour pains, occur at intervals of 20 to 30 minutes and last about 40 seconds. They are then accompanied by slight pain, which usually is felt in the small of the back.

uterine fibroid, benign tumour that originates from the smooth muscle wall of the uterus and may be single but usually occurs in clusters. They are most common in women of African descent and in women who have not borne children, and they are most often identified in women aged 30–45 years. New

puerperium, the period of adjustment after childbirth during which the mother’s reproductive system returns to its normal prepregnant state. It generally lasts six to eight weeks and ends with the first ovulation and the return of normal menstruation. Puerperal changes begin almost immediately

uterine fibroid, benign tumour that originates from the smooth muscle wall of the uterus and may be single but usually occurs in clusters. They are most common in women of African descent and in women who have not borne children, and they are most often identified in women aged 30–45 years. New

uterine fibroid, benign tumour that originates from the smooth muscle wall of the uterus and may be single but usually occurs in clusters. They are most common in women of African descent and in women who have not borne children, and they are most often identified in women aged 30–45 years. New

birth: Uterine prolapse: Uterine prolapse, or a sliding of the uterus from its normal position in the pelvic cavity, may result from injuries to the pelvic supporting ligaments and muscles that occur during labour. Usually the diagnosis is made months or even years later, when the…

uterine cancer: Other uterine cancers, known as uterine sarcomas, develop from underlying muscle or connective tissue. Uterine sarcoma is relatively rare but tends to be more aggressive than typical endometrial cancer.

infertility: Treatment options: …uterus may be candidates for uterus transplantation in which a uterus from a healthy donor is transplanted into a recipient. Uterus transplant candidates and donors must meet specific medical criteria, including uterine absence or disease that has failed all other therapeutic options . The first birth of a healthy infant…

fallopian tube, either of a pair of long narrow ducts located in the human female abdominal cavity that transport male sperm cells to the egg, provide a suitable environment for fertilization, and transport the egg from the ovary, where it is produced, to the central channel (lumen) of the uterus.

fallopian tube: …the fallopian tube called the ampulla. The isthmus is a small region, only about 2 cm (0.8 inch) long, that connects the ampulla and infundibulum to the uterus. The final region of the fallopian tube, known as the intramural, or uterine, part, is located in the top portion (fundus) of…

uterus, an inverted pear-shaped muscular organ of the female reproductive system, located between the bladder and the rectum. It functions to nourish and house a fertilized egg until the fetus, or offspring, is ready to be delivered. The uterus has four major regions: the fundus is the broad curved

infertility: Treatment options: …uterus may be candidates for uterus transplantation in which a uterus from a healthy donor is transplanted into a recipient. Uterus transplant candidates and donors must meet specific medical criteria, including uterine absence or disease that has failed all other therapeutic options . The first birth of a healthy infant…

United Tasmania Group (UTG), Australian political party that was the world’s first green political party. The UTG was created on March 23, 1972, by protest groups opposed to the construction of a dam that was flooding Lake Pedder in the southwest of the Australian state of Tasmania. The UTG ran

Udhagamandalam, town, western Tamil Nadu state, southern India. It is situated in the Nilgiri Hills at an elevation of about 7,500 feet (2,300 meters) above sea level and is sheltered by several peaks—including Doda Betta (8,652 feet [2,637 meters]), the highest point in Tamil Nadu. It was founded

dragon: …according to Arthurian legend, by Uther Pendragon, King Arthur’s father. In the 20th century the dragon was officially incorporated in the armorial bearings of the prince of Wales.

Ḥafṣid dynasty: …power retained its vigour under ʿUthmān (1435–88), despite a rebellion (1435–52), but, after his reign, dynastic struggles heralded the decline of Ḥafṣid power. The country fell into Arab hands, and Spaniards later established themselves on the coast. Finally, a struggle between Spanish and Turkish forces ended with Turkish supremacy and…

Osman I was the ruler of a Turkmen principality in northwestern Anatolia who is regarded as the founder of the Ottoman Turkish state. Both the name of the dynasty and the empire that the dynasty established are derived from the Arabic form (ʿUthmān) of his name. Osman was descended from the Kayı

Egypt: The French occupation and its consequences (1798–1805): The new Mamluk leaders, ʿUthmān Bey al-Bardīsī (died 1806) and Muḥammad Bey al-Alfī (died 1807), former retainers of Murād, headed rival factions and had in any case to reckon with the British and Ottoman occupation forces. In March 1803 the British troops were evacuated in accordance with the Treaty…

Usman dan Fodio was a Fulani mystic, philosopher, and revolutionary reformer who, in a jihad (holy war) between 1804 and 1808, created a new Muslim state, the Fulani empire, in what is now northern Nigeria. Usman was born in the Hausa state of Gobir, in what is now northwestern Nigeria. His father,

Usman dan Fodio was a Fulani mystic, philosopher, and revolutionary reformer who, in a jihad (holy war) between 1804 and 1808, created a new Muslim state, the Fulani empire, in what is now northern Nigeria. Usman was born in the Hausa state of Gobir, in what is now northwestern Nigeria. His father,

Saudi Arabia: Origins and early expansion: The ruler of ʿUyaynah, ʿUthmān ibn Muʿammar, gladly welcomed the returning prodigal and even adhered to his doctrines. But many opposed him, and ʿAbd al-Wahhāb’s preaching was put to a number of severe tests. The chief of the Al-Hasa region, who was of the influential Banū Khālid tribe, threatened…

ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān was the third caliph to rule after the death of the Prophet Muhammad. He centralized the administration of the caliphate and established an official version of the Qurʾān. ʿUthmān is critically important in Islamic history because his death marked the beginning of open religious

urinary tract infection (UTI), in humans, inflammation of the renal system characterized by frequent and painful urination and caused by the invasion of microorganisms, usually bacteria, into the urethra and bladder. Infection of the urinary tract can result in either minor or major illness. For

international law: Territory: This doctrine, known as uti possidetis (Latin: “as you possess”), was established to ensure the stability of newly independent states whose colonial boundaries were often drawn arbitrarily.

National Dialogue Quartet: …des Avocats de Tunisie), the Tunisian Confederation of Industry, Trade and Handicrafts (Union Tunisienne de l’Industrie, du Commerce et de l’Artisinat; UTICA), and the Tunisian Human Rights League (La Ligue Tunisienne pour la Défense des Droits de l’Homme; LTDH)—that was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2015 for its efforts…

Utica, traditionally the oldest Phoenician settlement on the coast of North Africa. It is located near the mouth of the Majardah (French Medjerda, ancient Bagradas) River 20 miles (32 km) northeast of Tunis in modern Tunisia. After its founding in the 8th or 7th century bc, Utica grew rapidly and

Utica, city, seat (1798) of Oneida county, central New York, U.S., on the Mohawk River and New York State Canal System, 45 miles (72 km) east of Syracuse. The first settlers were Dutch and Palatinate Germans, and in 1758 the British built Old Fort Schuyler, near the site of an ancient Oneida Indian

Byzantine Empire: The last years of Justinian I: …themselves under attack from the Utigurs, a people whose support Justinian’s agents had earlier connived at and won by suitable bribes. The two peoples weakened each other in warfare, of which the episode of 559 was not the first instance, and that was precisely the result at which Byzantine diplomacy…

Mackenzie River: The delta region: …town of Inuvik is a utilidor, a linear boxlike metal container raised slightly above the surface of the ground, in which the separate sewer, water, and heating pipes are placed. Mackenzie River water-transport routes terminate at Tuktoyaktuk on the Arctic coast northeast of the delta; there cargo is transferred to…

John Stuart Mill: Early life and career: …among a few friends the Utilitarian Society, taking the word, as he tells us, from Annals of the Parish, a novel of Scottish country life by John Galt.

utilitarianism, in normative ethics, a tradition stemming from the late 18th- and 19th-century English philosophers and economists Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill according to which an action (or type of action) is right if it tends to promote happiness or pleasure and wrong if it tends to

John Stuart Mill: The later years of John Stuart Mill: His Utilitarianism (in Fraser’s Magazine, 1861; separate publication, 1863) was a closely reasoned attempt to answer objections to his ethical theory and to remove misconceptions about it. He was especially anxious to make it clear that he included in “utility” the pleasures of the imagination and…