architecture: Utilitas: The notion that a building is defective unless the spaces provided are adequate and appropriate for their intended usage would seem obvious. Yet the statement itself has been a source of controversy since the 1960s. The main reasons for the controversy are: first, whereas…

public utility, enterprise that provides certain classes of services to the public, including common carrier transportation (buses, airlines, railroads, motor freight carriers, pipelines, etc.); telephone and telegraph; power, heat, and light; and community facilities for water, sanitation, and

When you lift the handle on a faucet, flip on a light switch, or set your home’s thermostat, you expect water to flow, lights to illuminate your home, and the heat or AC to kick on. All of those functions are provided by utilities, which most of us take for granted—the basic services offered by

consumption: The rational optimization framework: …model, first articulated in “Utility Analysis and the Consumption Function” (1954) by economists Franco Modigliani and Richard Brumberg, proposes that households’ spending decisions are driven by household members’ assessments of expenditure needs and income over the remainder of their lives, taking into account predictable events such as a precipitous…

utility and value, in economics, the determination of the prices of goods and services. The modern industrial economy is characterized by a high degree of interdependence of its parts. The supplier of components or raw materials, for example, must deliver the desired quantities of his products at

bicycle: Basic types: Utility bicycles are basic transportation in developing countries, where hundreds of millions are in service. In the developed world, utility bicycles are used by children or by adults for short trips. They have heavy frames, flat handlebars, wide tires and seats, simple brakes, and usually…

economics: Theory of choice: …in a series of “utility functions.” A utility function (an equation similar to the production function) shows that the pleasure or satisfaction households derive from consumption will depend on the products they purchase and on how they consume these products. Utility functions provide a general description of the household’s…

cybercrime: Sabotage: …catastrophic damage could result from utility systems being compromised by hackers. Several utilities responded by giving the U.S. government permission to run an audit on their systems. In March 2009 the results began to leak out with a report in The Wall Street Journal. In particular, the report indicated that…

economics: Theory of choice: …in a series of “utility functions.” A utility function (an equation similar to the production function) shows that the pleasure or satisfaction households derive from consumption will depend on the products they purchase and on how they consume these products. Utility functions provide a general description of the household’s…

Gebrauchsmusik, music intended, by virtue of its simplicity of technique and style, primarily for performance by the talented amateur rather than the virtuoso. Gebrauchsmusik is, in fact, a modern reaction against the intellectual and technical complexities of much 19th- and 20th-century music,

game theory: Utility theory: In the previous example it was tacitly assumed that the players were maximizing their average profits, but in practice players may consider other factors. For example, few people would risk a sure gain of $1,000,000 for an even chance of winning either $3,000,000…

economics: Theory of choice: …in a series of “utility functions.” A utility function (an equation similar to the production function) shows that the pleasure or satisfaction households derive from consumption will depend on the products they purchase and on how they consume these products. Utility functions provide a general description of the household’s…

Utica, traditionally the oldest Phoenician settlement on the coast of North Africa. It is located near the mouth of the Majardah (French Medjerda, ancient Bagradas) River 20 miles (32 km) northeast of Tunis in modern Tunisia. After its founding in the 8th or 7th century bc, Utica grew rapidly and

György Martinuzzi was a Hungarian statesman and later cardinal who worked to restore and maintain the national unity of Hungary. Born of a Croatian father and a mother of the patrician Venetian family of Martinuzzi, György became a Paulist friar at the age of 28 after a brief military career. A

Utkal Plains, coastal plains in eastern Odisha state, eastern India. Extending over about 16,000 square miles (41,400 square km), the plains are bounded by the Lower Ganges (Ganga) Plain to the north, the Bay of Bengal to the east, the Tamilnad Plains to the south, and the Eastern Ghats to the

Balasore: …has several colleges affiliated with Utkal University. Popular tourist destinations include Chandipur beach, the Panchalingeswar temple, and Chandbali, a medieval port. Roads and rail link Balasore and Kolkata (Calcutta) to the northeast, as well as other cities in Odisha state. Pop. (2001) 106,082; (2011) 118,162.

Odisha, state of India. Located in the eastern part of the country, it is bounded by the states of Jharkhand and West Bengal to the north and northeast, by the Bay of Bengal to the east, and by the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana to the south and Chhattisgarh to the west. Before India became

Russia-Ukraine War: The Battle of Bakhmut and Prigozhin’s rebellion: …Rostov-on-Don, a column led by Dmitry Utkin, a former GRU and Spetsnaz (special forces of the Russian interior ministry) officer who had cofounded Wagner with Prigozhin, headed north, encountering no meaningful resistance as it passed through Voronezh before it finally halted just 120 miles (roughly 200 km) south of Moscow.…

Portishead: …North Somerset, England), and guitarist Adrian Utley (b. April 27, 1957, Northampton, Northamptonshire, England).

Utnapishtim, in the Babylonian Gilgamesh epic, survivor of a mythological flood whom Gilgamesh consults about the secret of immortality. Utnapishtim was the only man to escape death, since, having preserved human and animal life in the great boat he built, he and his wife were deified by the god

Wadjet, cobra goddess of ancient Egypt. Depicted as a cobra twined around a papyrus stem, she was the tutelary goddess of Lower Egypt. Wadjet and Nekhbet, the vulture-goddess of Upper Egypt, were the protective goddesses of the king and were sometimes represented together on the king’s diadem,

Uto-Aztecan languages, family of American Indian languages, one of the oldest and largest—both in terms of extent of distribution (Oregon to Panama) and number of languages and speakers. The Uto-Aztecan languages are generally recognized by modern linguists as falling into seven branches: Numic,

John Cusack: 1990s and beyond: …series, the Amazon Prime series Utopia in 2020.

utopia, an ideal commonwealth whose inhabitants exist under seemingly perfect conditions. Hence utopian and utopianism are words used to denote visionary reform that tends to be impossibly idealistic. The word first occurred in Sir Thomas More’s Utopia, published in Latin as Libellus…de optimo

Utopia, book by Thomas More, published in 1516. Derived from the Greek for “no place” (ou topos) and coined by More, the word utopia refers to an imaginary and perfect world, an ideally organized state. More’s book was the first such exploration of a utopian world, and it began a new genre of

Player Piano, first novel by Kurt Vonnegut, published in 1952 and reissued in 1954 as Utopia 14. This anti-utopian novel employs the standard science-fiction formula of a futuristic world run by machines and of one man’s futile rebellion against that

David Mitchell: In 2020 he published Utopia Avenue, about a British rock band in the 1960s.

Mars: Sparsely cratered plains: …impact basin, informally called the Utopia basin (40° N, 250° W).

Utopia Planitia, northern lava plain on the planet Mars that was selected as the landing site of the U.S. Viking 2 planetary probe. Photographs transmitted from the Viking 2 lander, which touched down at 47.97° N, 225.74° W, on September 3, 1976, depicted a boulder-strewn plain that superficially

Thomas More: The Utopia: …a new literary genre, the utopian romance.

Thomas More: The Utopia: …a new literary genre, the utopian romance.

Utopia Planitia, northern lava plain on the planet Mars that was selected as the landing site of the U.S. Viking 2 planetary probe. Photographs transmitted from the Viking 2 lander, which touched down at 47.97° N, 225.74° W, on September 3, 1976, depicted a boulder-strewn plain that superficially

utopian poetry, poetry that describes a utopia or any sort of utopian ideal. Sir Thomas More’s Utopia (1516)—the first printed work to use the term utopia, derived from the Greek words for “not” (ou) and “place” (topos)—is for many specialists the major starting point of utopian prose. The same

utopian socialism, Political and social idea of the mid-19th century. Adapted from such reformers as Robert Owen and Charles Fourier, utopian socialism drew from early communist and socialist ideas. Advocates included Louis Blanc, noted for his theory of worker-controlled “social workshops,” and

Oslo and Utøya attacks of 2011: …shooting on the island of Utøya in Norway on July 22, 2011, in which 77 people were killed—the deadliest incident on Norwegian soil since World War II.

Oslo and Utøya attacks of 2011, terrorist attacks on Oslo and mass shooting on the island of Utøya in Norway on July 22, 2011, in which 77 people were killed—the deadliest incident on Norwegian soil since World War II. At 3:26 pm an explosion rocked downtown Oslo, shattering windows and damaging

Oslo and Utøya attacks of 2011, terrorist attacks on Oslo and mass shooting on the island of Utøya in Norway on July 22, 2011, in which 77 people were killed—the deadliest incident on Norwegian soil since World War II. At 3:26 pm an explosion rocked downtown Oslo, shattering windows and damaging

metabolism: Fragmentation of other sugars: …reactions requiring as a coenzyme uridine triphosphate (UTP). Fructose may also be phosphorylated in animal cells through the action of hexokinase [1], in which case fructose 6-phosphate is the product, or in liver tissue via a fructokinase that gives rise to fructose 1-phosphate [17]. ATP supplies the phosphate group in…

Indian philosophy: Kashmiri Shaivism: … (8th–9th centuries; “Verses on Creation”), Utpala’s Pratyabhijna-sutra ( c. 900; “Aphorisms on Recognition”), Abhinavagupta’s Paramarthasara (“The Essence of the Highest Truth”), Pratyabhijna-vimarshini (“Reflections on Recognition”), and Tantraloka (“Lights on the Doctrine”) in the 10th century, and Kshemaraja’s Shiva-sutra-vimarshini (“Reflections on the Aphorisms on Shiva”).

permafrost: Effects of climate: At Barrow, Alaska, U.S., the mean annual air temperature is −12 °C (10 °F), and the thickness is 400 metres (about 1,300 feet). At Fairbanks, Alaska, in the discontinuous zone of permafrost in central Alaska, the mean annual air temperature is −3 °C (27 °F), and…

Utraquist, any of the spiritual descendants of Jan Hus who believed that the laity, like the clergy, should receive the Eucharist under the forms of both bread and wine (Latin utraque, “each of two”; calix, “chalice”). Unlike the militant Taborites (also followers of Hus), the Utraquists were

Philipp von Hutten was the last German captain general of Venezuela. A relative of the humanist poet and satirist Ulrich von Hutten, he sailed to Venezuela under Georg Hohermuth (called George of Spires) to rule on behalf of the Augsburg banking house of Welser, which had been granted a concession

Utrecht, gemeente (municipality), central Netherlands. It lies along the Kromme Rijn (Winding, or Crooked, Rhine), Oude (Old) Rijn, and Vecht rivers and the Amsterdam–Rijn Canal. Its original Roman name, Trajectum ad Rhenum (Ford on the Rhine), later became Ultrajectum, and then Utrecht. The site

Utrecht, provincie, central Netherlands, the country’s smallest, with an area of 514 square miles (1,331 square km). It extends southward from the narrow Lake Eem, which separates Utrecht provincie from the South Flevoland polder of Flevoland provincie. Utrecht provincie lies between the provincies

wind instrument: Developments in the Middle Ages: …and such documents as the Utrecht Psalter (c. 830; University Library, Utrecht, Netherlands) contain drawings showing instruments, but there is little to indicate a flourishing musical culture. The great centres of learning in general as well as the cultivation of music and the playing of instruments remained in the Middle…

Utrecht school, principally a group of three Dutch painters—Dirck van Baburen (c. 1590–1624), Gerrit van Honthorst (1590–1656), and Hendrik Terbrugghen (1588–1629)—who went to Rome and fell fully under the pervasive influence of Caravaggio’s art before returning to Utrecht. Although none of them

Utrecht University, state-supported coeducational institution of higher learning founded in 1636 at Utrecht, in the Netherlands. In the 17th and 18th centuries, Utrecht attracted many foreign students, especially from England and Scotland. James Boswell, Samuel Johnson’s biographer, studied law at

treaties of Utrecht, (April 1713–September 1714), a series of treaties between France and other European powers (April 11, 1713 to Sept. 7, 1714) and another series between Spain and other powers (July 13, 1713 to June 26, 1714), concluding the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–14). France

treaties of Utrecht, (April 1713–September 1714), a series of treaties between France and other European powers (April 11, 1713 to Sept. 7, 1714) and another series between Spain and other powers (July 13, 1713 to June 26, 1714), concluding the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–14). France

Netherlands: The Union of Utrecht: On January 23, 1579, the agreement at Utrecht was concluded, forming a “closer union” within the larger union of the Low Countries led by the States General sitting in Brussels. Included in the Union of Utrecht were the provinces and cities committed…

Utrera, city, Sevilla provincia (province), in the comunidad autónoma (autonomous community) of Andalusia, southwestern Spain. It lies southeast of the city of Sevilla on the Arroyo de la Antigua, which is a tributary of the Guadalquivir River. The site has been occupied since prehistoric times and

human nervous system: Saccule and utricle: Each saccule and utricle has a single cluster, or macula, of hair cells located in the vertical and horizontal planes, respectively. Resting upon the hair cells is a gelatinous membrane in which are embedded calcareous granules called otoliths. Changes in linear acceleration alter the…

Utrera, city, Sevilla provincia (province), in the comunidad autónoma (autonomous community) of Andalusia, southwestern Spain. It lies southeast of the city of Sevilla on the Arroyo de la Antigua, which is a tributary of the Guadalquivir River. The site has been occupied since prehistoric times and

human ear: Vestibule: In the utricle the macula projects from the anterior wall of that tubular sac and lies primarily in the horizontal plane. In the saccule the macula is in the vertical plane and directly overlies the bone of the inner wall of the vestibule. In shape it is elongated and…

bladderwort, (genus Utricularia), genus of carnivorous plants in the family Lentibulariaceae. The bladderwort genus contains 220 widely distributed species of plants characterized by small hollow sacs that actively capture and digest tiny animals such as insect larvae, aquatic worms, and water

Maurice Utrillo was a French painter who was noted for his depictions of the houses and streets of the Montmartre district of Paris. Born out of wedlock, Utrillo was the son of the model and artist Suzanne Valadon. His father was not known, and he was given his name by a Spanish art critic, Miguel

metallurgy: Testing mechanical properties: …the sample, is called the ultimate tensile stress (UTS). The final length minus the initial length, divided by the initial length, is called the elongation. Yield stress, UTS, and elongation are the most commonly tabulated mechanical properties of metals.

Jainism: Time and the universe: In the ascending arc (utsarpini) humans progress in knowledge, age, stature, and happiness, while in the descending arc (avasarpini) they deteriorate. The two cycles joined together make one rotation of the wheel of time, which is called a kalpa. These kalpas repeat themselves without beginning or end.

Utsubo monogatari, the first full-length Japanese novel and one of the world’s oldest extant novels. Written probably in the late 10th century by an unknown author, the work was ascribed to Minamoto Shitagō, a distinguished courtier and scholar, but later sources deny his authorship. It is possible

Utsubo monogatari, the first full-length Japanese novel and one of the world’s oldest extant novels. Written probably in the late 10th century by an unknown author, the work was ascribed to Minamoto Shitagō, a distinguished courtier and scholar, but later sources deny his authorship. It is possible

Utsunomiya, city, capital of Tochigi ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan. The city is situated on the alluvial plain between the Ta River and the Kinu River. A castle town in the 11th century, it later served as a post town on the Nikkō Highway during the Tokugawa era (1603–1867). The city became the

Hindustani classical music, one of the two principal types of South Asian classical music, found mainly in the northern three-fourths of the subcontinent, where Indo-Aryan languages are spoken. (The other principal type, Carnatic music, is found in the Dravidian-speaking region of southern India.)

Uttar Pradesh, the most populous and fourth largest state of India. It lies in the north-central part of the country. Uttar Pradesh is bordered by the state of Uttarakhand and the country of Nepal to the north, the state of Bihar to the east, the states of Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh to the

Vadakalai, one of two Hindu subsects of the Shrivaishnava, the other being the Tenkalai. Though the two groups use both Sanskrit and Tamil scriptures, the Vadakalai relies more on Sanskrit texts, such as the Vedas (the earliest sacred scriptures of India), the Upanishads (speculative philosophical

Vedanta, one of the six systems (darshans) of Indian philosophy. The term Vedanta means in Sanskrit the “conclusion” (anta) of the Vedas, the earliest sacred literature of India. It applies to the Upanishads, which were elaborations of the Vedas, and to the school that arose out of the study

Uttaradit, town, northern Thailand. It is a provincial capital and a farming market centre on the Nan River and the Bangkok–Chiang Mai railway. The town centre was rebuilt after being destroyed by a fire in 1967. The Pha Then Buddhist shrine is southwest of the town. Uttaradit is in one of

Uttarakhand, state of India, located in the northwestern part of the country. It is bordered to the northwest by the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh, to the northeast by the Tibet Autonomous Region of China, to the southeast by Nepal, and to the south and southwest by the Indian state of Uttar

Uttarakhand, state of India, located in the northwestern part of the country. It is bordered to the northwest by the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh, to the northeast by the Tibet Autonomous Region of China, to the southeast by Nepal, and to the south and southwest by the Indian state of Uttar

Bhavabhuti: Literary career: …Malatimadhava (“Malati and Madhava”), and Uttararamacharita (“The Later Deeds of Rama”).

Makar Sankranti, Hindu festival in January celebrating the entrance of the Sun into the astrological sign of makara (corresponding to Capricorn) and the beginning of the Sun’s uttarayana (northward journey). Makar Sankranti occurs on January 14 (or 15 during a leap year). It is considered an

Makar Sankranti, Hindu festival in January celebrating the entrance of the Sun into the astrological sign of makara (corresponding to Capricorn) and the beginning of the Sun’s uttarayana (northward journey). Makar Sankranti occurs on January 14 (or 15 during a leap year). It is considered an

utterance, in the study of language, an instance or token of speech understood to encompass a limited sequence of orally produced sounds exhibiting the phonetic properties and syntactic structures of words, phrases, sentences, or other grammatical constructions of a given language. Such sequences

Uttlesford, district, administrative and historic county of Essex, England. It occupies the northwestern corner of the county, where it borders Cambridgeshire and Hertfordshire. A low ridge of chalk hills runs from southwest to northeast through a rolling countryside. The district is largely rural.

Shamash, in Mesopotamian religion, the god of the sun, who, with the moon god, Sin (Sumerian: Nanna), and Ishtar (Sumerian: Inanna), the goddess of Venus, was part of an astral triad of divinities. Shamash was the son of Sin. Shamash is considered a member of the special class of Mesopotamian gods

history of Mesopotamia: The 3rd dynasty of Ur: Utu-hegal of Uruk is given credit for having overthrown Gutian rule by vanquishing their king Tiriqan along with two generals. Utu-hegal calls himself lord of the four quarters of the earth in an inscription, but this title, adopted from Akkad, is more likely to signify…

history of Mesopotamia: The 3rd dynasty of Ur: Utu-hegal of Uruk is given credit for having overthrown Gutian rule by vanquishing their king Tiriqan along with two generals. Utu-hegal calls himself lord of the four quarters of the earth in an inscription, but this title, adopted from Akkad, is more likely to signify…

Kuwait: Early settlers: …the 18th century, when the Banū (Banī) ʿUtūb, a group of families of the ʿAnizah tribe in the interior of the Arabian Peninsula, migrated to the area that is now Kuwait. The foundation of the autonomous sheikhdom of Kuwait dates from 1756, when the settlers decided to appoint a sheikh…

Kuwait: Early settlers: …the 18th century, when the Banū (Banī) ʿUtūb, a group of families of the ʿAnizah tribe in the interior of the Arabian Peninsula, migrated to the area that is now Kuwait. The foundation of the autonomous sheikhdom of Kuwait dates from 1756, when the settlers decided to appoint a sheikh…

history of Mesopotamia: The 3rd dynasty of Ur: Utu-hegal of Uruk is given credit for having overthrown Gutian rule by vanquishing their king Tiriqan along with two generals. Utu-hegal calls himself lord of the four quarters of the earth in an inscription, but this title, adopted from Akkad, is more likely to signify…

Kamba: …and territorial boundaries called an utui, based on a core patrilineage. The Kamba were grouped into some 25 dispersed patrilineal clans varying greatly in size. Individuals were organized in age grades, but these were not based on initiation as among the Kikuyu and others. Men in the eldest grade traditionally…

history of Mesopotamia: The 3rd dynasty of Ur: Utu-hegal of Uruk is given credit for having overthrown Gutian rule by vanquishing their king Tiriqan along with two generals. Utu-hegal calls himself lord of the four quarters of the earth in an inscription, but this title, adopted from Akkad, is more likely to signify…

Raiatea: The chief settlement is Uturoa, administrative seat of the Îles Sous le Vent. It is a regular port of call for ships passing between New Caledonia and Tahiti, and it has ship-service facilities and light industry. Much of the island’s Polynesian population lives in villages. The main products are…

Swedish literature: The modern novel: …immigrate to North America—Utvandrarna (1949–59; The Emigrants), Invandrarna (1952; Unto a Good Land), Nybyggarna (1956; The Settlers), and Sista brevet till Sverige (1959; “The Last Letter Home”; the last two vol. also published in part in English translation as The Last Letter Home). The development of the Swedish autobiographical novel…

Liv Ullmann: …the historical drama Utvandrarna (1971; The Emigrants), which was directed by Jan Troell.

Bruce Chatwin: …last novel was Utz (1988; filmed 1992). What Am I Doing Here?, a collection of Chatwin’s essays, was published posthumously.

Bruce Chatwin: His last novel was Utz (1988; filmed 1992). What Am I Doing Here?, a collection of Chatwin’s essays, was published posthumously.

Jørn Utzon was a Danish architect best known for his dynamic, imaginative, but problematic design for the Sydney Opera House in Australia. Utzon studied at the Copenhagen School of Architecture (1937–42) and then spent three years in Stockholm, where he came under the influence of the Swedish

Unitarian Universalist Association, religious organization in the United States formed in May 1961 by merger of the Universalist Church of America and the American Unitarian Association. The American Unitarian Association was founded in 1825 as the result of a gradual development of Unitarianism

copernicium (Cn), artificially produced transuranium element of atomic number 112. In 1996 scientists at the Institute for Heavy Ion Research (Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung [GSI]) in Darmstadt, Ger., announced the production of atoms of copernicium from fusing zinc-70 with lead-208. The

Symphony No. 4, Op. 29, symphony for orchestra by Danish composer Carl Nielsen in which he set out to capture in music the idea of an “inextinguishable” life force that runs through all creation. The work premiered on February 1, 1916. In a letter to a friend, Nielsen stated that in this symphony

livermorium (Lv), artificially produced transuranium element of atomic number 116. In 2000 scientists at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia, and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Livermore, California, announced the production of atoms of livermorium when

Uummannaq Fjord: The town of Uummannaq (founded 1763) is on a small island just north of Nuussuaq Peninsula. It has been a hunting and fishing base for centuries and now serves as a municipal centre. Fishing and fish processing contribute to the economy. Nearby is Maarmorilik, a 20th-century mining site,…

Uummannaq Fjord, inlet of Baffin Bay, western Greenland, north of Nuussuaq Peninsula. About 100 miles (160 km) long and 15–30 miles (24–48 km) wide, the inlet divides into several smaller fjords extending eastward to the inland ice cap, where they are fed by extensive glaciers. Upernivik and

darmstadtium (Ds), artificially produced transuranium element of atomic number 110. In 1995 scientists at the Institute for Heavy Ion Research (Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung [GSI]) in Darmstadt, Germany, announced the formation of atoms of element 110 when lead-208 was fused with nickel-62.

oganesson (Og), a synthetic transuranium element with the atomic number 118 that is a member of the noble gases, or Group 18 (VIIIA), of the periodic table. First synthesized in 2002, it is the heaviest element yet produced and is highly radioactive, with isotopes that decay in less than a

Ulster Unionist Party (UUP), oldest and traditionally most successful unionist political party in Northern Ireland, though its influence waned dramatically after the Good Friday Agreement (1998). It was the party of government in the province from 1921 to 1972. The UUP had strong links with the

moscovium (Mc), artificially produced transuranium element of atomic number 115. In 2010 scientists at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia, and at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, California, U.S., announced the production of four atoms of moscovium when

flerovium (Fl), artificially produced transuranium element of atomic number 114. In 1999 scientists at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia, and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Livermore, California, produced atoms of flerovium from colliding atoms of calcium-48

tennessine (Ts), artificially produced transuranium element of atomic number 117. In 2010 Russian and American scientists announced the production of six atoms of tennessine, which were formed when 22 milligrams of berkelium-249 were bombarded with atoms of calcium-48, at the cyclotron at the Joint