taotie, monster mask commonly found on ancient Chinese ritual bronze vessels and implements. The taotie characteristically consists of a zoomorphic mask in full face that may be divided, through the nose ridge at the centre, into profile views of two one-legged beasts (gui dragons) confronting each

Mauritania: Relief: …the vast synclinal basin of Taoudeni, bounded by the Adrar, Tagant, and ʿAçâba (Assaba) plateaus. The basin is scarcely indented to the south by the Hodh Depression, with the Affollé Anticline (a fold in which the rock strata incline downward on both sides from a central axis) lying in its…

Taounate, town, northern Morocco. The town is a local market centre situated on the southern slopes of the Rif Mountains. It is located on a plateau overlooking the valley of the Sra River (Oued Sra), near the Gargara gorges. The area surrounding Taounate is generally mountainous, and cereals

Gao Xingjian: Gao’s play Taowang (1989; “Fugitives”), was set during the brutal 1989 suppression of student demonstrations in Tiananmen Square. Its publication angered the Chinese authorities, who banned Gao’s works and declared him persona non grata. Gao wrote in both Chinese and French. Several of his plays have been…

T’ao-yüan, special municipality (chih-hsia shih, or zhizia shi), northern Taiwan. Until late 2014 it was the seat of T’ao-yüan county, at which time the county and T’ao-yüan municipality were administratively combined to form the special municipality. T’ao-yüan municipality became a city district

phonetics: Taps: A tap is produced if one articulator is thrown against another, as when the loosely held tongue tip makes a single tap against the upper teeth or the alveolar ridge. The consonant in the middle of a word such as letter or Betty is…

Sammy Davis, Jr.: Later career and death: In the film Tap (1989) he played an aging hoofer and had a memorable tap battle scene with costar Gregory Hines.

Mozambique: Transportation and telecommunications: …but after World War II Portugal’s national airline opened a route between Beira and Maputo. Eventually colonial Mozambique developed its own airline. It was replaced in 1980 by Mozambique Airlines (Linhas Aéreas de Moçambique; LAM), the national carrier, which also provides international service. Mozambique has a number of domestic airports…

tap, a screwlike tool that has threads like a bolt and two, three, or four longitudinal flutes or grooves and that is used to cut screw threads in a nut or a hole. The interruption of the continuity of the threads by the flutes creates cutting edges; the threads behind the cutting edges may be

tap dance, style of dance in which a dancer wearing shoes fitted with heel and toe taps sounds out audible beats by rhythmically striking the floor or any other hard surface. Tap originated in the United States through the fusion of several ethnic percussive dances, primarily West African sacred

tap’o style, Korean adaptation of a Chinese architectural style first introduced from China late in the Koryŏ period (935–1392). Tap’o means literally “multibracket,” and its main feature is the adoption of intercolumnar brackets besides those on column heads. With the introduction of tap’o style,

bark painting, nonwoven fabric decorated with figurative and abstract designs usually applied by scratching or by painting. The basic clothlike material, produced from the inner bark, or bast, of certain trees (see bast fibre), is made by stripping off the bast, soaking it, and beating it to make

tapa, a Spanish appetizer, served hot or cold, that is typically eaten at bars with a drink intended to complement the food, much like the French hors d’oeuvres and the Russian zakuski. Tapas have spread worldwide with the growing popularity of tapas bars. Many of the dishes are quite elaborate and

Tapachula, city, southeastern Chiapas estado (state), extreme southeastern Mexico. It is situated on the Coatán River, on the Pacific coastal plain, at 449 feet (137 meters) above sea level, 9.5 miles (15 km) from the Guatemala border. Tapachula is the major manufacturing and commercial center for

Mixe-Zoquean languages: An extinct language, Tapachultec, formerly spoken along the southeast coast of Chiapas, is also classified as Mixean.

tapaculo, any of about 55 species of ground-dwelling birds distributed across 12 genera in the family Rhinocryptidae (order Passeriformes) of Central and South America. When disturbed they scurry for cover with tail lifted. Tapaculos are wren- to thrush-sized, with short wings, longish legs, and

tapaculo, any of about 55 species of ground-dwelling birds distributed across 12 genera in the family Rhinocryptidae (order Passeriformes) of Central and South America. When disturbed they scurry for cover with tail lifted. Tapaculos are wren- to thrush-sized, with short wings, longish legs, and

Caraș-Severin: The battle of Tapae, fought between the Dacians and Romans, took place at the Iron Gate of Transylvania Pass (2,297 feet [700 metres]), located about 24 miles (39 km) east of Caransebeș. Extending south from Caransebeș, a highway follows a Roman road built along the Timiș…

South American forest Indian: Belief and aesthetic systems: Of the historic tribes, the Tapajó of the Amazon had the richest style in ceramics, excelled only by the archaeological remains of the Ilha de Marajó. Among some groups in the Guianas and western Amazonia, artistic activity includes wood carving.

Santarém, city, west-central Pará estado (state), northern Brazil. It is situated on the right bank of the Tapajós River, near its confluence with the Amazon River. Santarém was founded in 1661 as a Jesuit mission to a Tapajó Indian settlement (aldeia) and grew around a fort built by Pedro

Tapajós River, river, north-central Mato Grosso estado (state), central Brazil, formed by the union of the Teles Pires and the Juruena rivers. It winds northward through the Mato Grosso plateau and forms the state border between Mato Grosso and Amazonas and then between Pará and Amazonas states. It

orangutan: abelii) and the Tapanuli orangutan (P. tapanuliensis) are limited to northern Sumatra. Orangutans possess cognitive abilities comparable to those of the gorilla and the chimpanzee, which are the only primates more closely related to humans.

Thomism: Decline and revival through the mid-20th century: …writers in Italy and Germany: Luigi Taparelli d’Azeglio, Matteo Liberatore, and Joseph Kleutgen. Their own positions in epistemology, metaphysics, and social theory remained eclectic, but they did give impetus to the work of studying Aquinas and other Scholastics in the light of modern intellectual and social issues.

Thomism: Decline and revival through the mid-20th century: …writers in Italy and Germany: Luigi Taparelli d’Azeglio, Matteo Liberatore, and Joseph Kleutgen. Their own positions in epistemology, metaphysics, and social theory remained eclectic, but they did give impetus to the work of studying Aquinas and other Scholastics in the light of modern intellectual and social issues.

tapas, in religions of South Asia, particularly Hinduism, ascetic practice carried out to achieve spiritual power, purification, or liberation. The term tapas has had different connotations through the history of Hinduism. In the ancient Vedic texts, tapas refers to the “inner heat” created by the

tapa, a Spanish appetizer, served hot or cold, that is typically eaten at bars with a drink intended to complement the food, much like the French hors d’oeuvres and the Russian zakuski. Tapas have spread worldwide with the growing popularity of tapas bars. Many of the dishes are quite elaborate and

Richard Linklater: First films: Dazed and Confused and Before Sunrise: Linklater next made the experimental Tape (2001), which he followed with a crowd-pleasing comedy about an out-of-work musician (Jack Black) who cons his way into teaching music at a prep academy, School of Rock (2003); in 2016 the latter film was adapted as a television show for children.

cassette, in audio and video recording, flat, rectangular container made of plastic or lightweight metal that holds magnetic tape for audio or video recording and replay. A tape cassette is designed so that it can be inserted in a recorder and used immediately; it eliminates the need to thread a

advanced ceramics: Tape casting: ) Tape casting is another process that was originally used with traditional ceramics but has achieved a high level of sophistication for advanced ceramics. In particular, tape-casting methods are used to make substrates for integrated circuits and the multilayer structures used in both integrated-circuit…

tape recorder, recording system that makes use of electromagnetic phenomena to record and reproduce sound waves. The tape consists of a plastic backing coated with a thin layer of tiny particles of magnetic powder. The recording head of the tape deck consists of a tiny C-shaped magnet with its gap

belt drive, in machinery, a pair of pulleys attached to usually parallel shafts and connected by an encircling flexible belt (band) that can serve to transmit and modify rotary motion from one shaft to the other. Most belt drives consist of flat leather, rubber, or fabric belts running on

Christian Marclay: In Tape Fall (1989), for instance, a reel-to-reel tape player mounted on a stepladder plays a recording of dripping water while the spent tape falls and amasses on the floor. In his Body Mix series (1991–92), a sly comment on the commodification of popular music, various…

tape grass, (genus Vallisneria), genus of 14 species of perennial aquatic plants of the family Hydrocharitaceae. Tape grasses grow fully submerged in fresh or brackish water and are native to temperate and tropical waters around the world. Some species—namely, straight tape grass (Vallisneria

tape lace, lace in which the pattern is made up of tape set in a background either of thread bars (brides) or net. Its quality depends much on whether the tape used lies flat and curves continuously (which can be achieved only by using bobbins) or is ready-woven, in which case it has to be gathered

sound recording: The audiotape: The recording head of the tape deck consists of a tiny C-shaped magnet with its gap adjacent to the moving tape. The incoming sound wave, having been converted by a microphone into an electrical signal, produces a time-varying magnetic field in the gap of the magnet. As…

sound recording: The audiotape: …heard by the listener as tape hiss. Because lower frequencies are more effective in magnetizing the tape, and because the random variation in magnetization is a microscopic effect, tape hiss is primarily a high-frequency phenomenon. Several systems have been designed to deal with this problem, the most prevalent of which…

tape lace, lace in which the pattern is made up of tape set in a background either of thread bars (brides) or net. Its quality depends much on whether the tape used lies flat and curves continuously (which can be achieved only by using bobbins) or is ready-woven, in which case it has to be gathered

materials science: Polymer-matrix composites: …processes fall into two categories, tape laying and filament winding. The tape-laying process involves the use of devices that control the placement of narrow prepreg tapes over tooling with the contours of the desired part and along paths prescribed by the design requirements of the structure. The width of the…

electronic instrument: The tape recorder as a musical tool: The next stage of development in electronic instruments dates from the discovery of magnetic tape recording techniques and their refinement after World War II. These techniques enable the composer to record any sounds whatever on tape and then to…

tape recorder, recording system that makes use of electromagnetic phenomena to record and reproduce sound waves. The tape consists of a plastic backing coated with a thin layer of tiny particles of magnetic powder. The recording head of the tape deck consists of a tiny C-shaped magnet with its gap

tape recording, method of magnetic sound recording using magnetic tape. See magnetic

magnetic recording: Magnetic tape devices. Magnetic tape provides a compact, economical means of preserving and reproducing varied forms of information. Recordings on tape can be played back immediately and are easily erased, permitting the tape to be reused many times without a loss in quality of recording.…

pin fastener: The taper pin provides a cheap, convenient method of fixing the hub of a gear or a pulley to a shaft. The pin is driven into a tapered hole that extends radially through the hub and shaft.

artillery: Antitank guns: …projectile’s velocity, and the “taper-bore” or “squeeze-bore” gun proved formidable. Guns with tapering calibres of 28/20, 41/29, and 75/55 millimetres were developed, but wartime shortages of tungsten led to their abandonment after 1942. In 1944 Britain perfected “discarding-sabot” projectiles, in which a tungsten core was supported in a conventional…

flywheel: …steel and designed as a tapered disk, thick at the centre and thin at the rim (see Figure B).

tapestry, woven decorative fabric, the design of which is built up in the course of weaving. Broadly, the name has been used for almost any heavy material, handwoven, machine woven, or even embroidered, used to cover furniture, walls, or floors or for the decoration of clothing. Since the 18th and

Carole King: Her album Tapestry, a collection of catchy melodies and engaging lyrics, held the number one spot on the Billboard album chart for 15 weeks; it remained a best seller for more than 300 weeks. Tapestry also earned King four Grammys; in addition to winning for album of…

tineid moth: …moth (Tinea pellionella), and the carpet, tapestry, or white-tip clothes moth (Trichophaga tapetzella). The larvae of the casemaking clothes moth use silk and fragments of food to construct a small, flat, oval case in which the larvae live and pupate. Clothes-moth larvae also attack synthetic or plant-fibre fabrics soiled with…

tapestry: Early Middle Ages in western Europe: The Tapestry of the Angels, showing scenes from the life of Abraham and St. Michael the Archangel, and the Tapestry of the Apostles, showing Christ surrounded by his 12 disciples, were both intended to be hung over the cathedral’s choir stalls and therefore are long and…

textile: Plain weave: Tapestry weave is a tabby in which a variety of coloured weft yarns is interlaced with the warp to form patterns. It is usually an unbalanced weave, with wefts completely covering a proportionately low number of warps. These cloths are sturdy and compact. Although they…

magnoliid clade: Reproduction and life cycles: The tapetum, the nutritive layer of cells that lines the inner wall of the pollen sac, is of the secretory, or glandular, type in the Magnoliales and other primitive members (see angiosperm: Reproductive structures). The tapetal cells remain intact but become absorbed as they supply nutrients…

primate: Classification: …have a reflective layer, the tapetum lucidum, behind the retina, which increases the amount of light for night vision, while haplorrhines have no tapetum but, instead, an area of enhanced vision, the fovea. This difference is consistent, even though not all strepsirrhines are nocturnal or all haplorrhines diurnal. Finally, the…

tapeworm, any member of the invertebrate class Cestoda (phylum Platyhelminthes), a group of parasitic flatworms containing about 5,000 species. Tapeworms, which occur worldwide and range in size from about 1 mm (0.04 inch) to more than 15 m (50 feet), are internal parasites, affecting certain

cestodiasis, infestation with cestodes, a group of flattened and tapelike hermaphroditic worms that are intestinal parasites in humans and other animals, producing larvae that may invade body tissues. For humans there are two kinds of tapeworm infestations: (1) intestinal cestodiasis, in which the

Oscar Straus: …composer known for his operetta The Chocolate Soldier.

leaf blister: …by fungi of the genus Taphrina. Peach leaf curl, caused by T. deformans, affects peaches, nectarines, and almonds and can cause agricultural losses. Red oaks are commonly afflicted with oak leaf

fungus: Annotated classification: Order Taphrinales Parasitic on plants, causing gall formation; naked asci; example genera include Taphrina and Protomyces. Class Neolectomycetes Parasitic or pathogenic on plants; some with large ascocarps; contains 1 order. Order Neolectales

fungus: Annotated classification: Class Taphrinomycetes Parasitic or pathogenic on plants; naked asci; contains 1 order. Order Taphrinales Parasitic on plants, causing gall formation; naked asci; example genera include Taphrina and Protomyces. Class Neolectomycetes

fungus: Annotated classification: Subphylum Taphrinomycotina Pathogenic on some plants; unicellular or filamentous; asci produced on the plant surface; ascocarp absent; contains 4 classes. Class Taphrinomycetes Parasitic or pathogenic on plants; naked asci; contains 1 order. Order Taphrinales Parasitic on plants,

geosyncline: …common of these are the taphrogeosyncline, a depressed block of the Earth’s crust that is bounded by one or more high-angle faults and that serves as a site of sediment accumulation, and the paraliageosyncline, a deep geosyncline that passes into coastal plains along continental margins.

Turkmenistan: Resources and power: …pipeline delivering natural gas from Turkmenistan to Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India (known by the acronym TAPI) began in 2018.

Tapti River, river in central India, rising in the Gawilgarh Hills of the central Deccan plateau in south-central Madhya Pradesh state. It flows westward between two spurs of the Satpura Range, across the Jalgaon plateau region in Maharashtra state, and through the plain of Surat in Gujarat state

Rancho Cucamonga: …a land grant issued to Tiburcio Tapía (1839), who there established a winery (the oldest in the state and the second oldest in the United States). Rancho de Cucamonga was bought in 1858 by John Rains and his wife; their home, Casa de Rancho Cucamonga (built 1860), has been restored…

Antoni Tàpies was a Catalan artist, credited with introducing contemporary abstract painting into Spain. He began as a Surrealist but developed into an abstract artist under the influence of French painting and achieved an international reputation. In 1943 Tàpies began studying for a law degree at

Antoni Tàpies was a Catalan artist, credited with introducing contemporary abstract painting into Spain. He began as a Surrealist but developed into an abstract artist under the influence of French painting and achieved an international reputation. In 1943 Tàpies began studying for a law degree at

Tapinocephalus, extinct genus of therapsids, relatives of mammals, found as fossils in Permian rocks of South Africa (the Permian Period occurred from 299 million to 251 million years ago). The genus Tapinocephalus is representative of the Tapinocephaloidea, characterized by many herbivorous

ant: Notable ant behaviors: …herself to be dragged by Tapinoma ants into their nest. She then bites off the head of the Tapinoma queen and begins laying her own eggs, which are cared for by the “enslaved” Tapinoma workers. Workers of the slave-making ant Protomognathus americanus raid nests of Temnothorax ants, stealing the latter’s…

Tapio, the Finnish god of the forest and ruler of the game therein. He was a personified form of the various forest spirits important to hunters dependent on the forest for their livelihood. Tapio, the personified forest, was sometimes depicted as being the size of a fir tree, fierce-looking, like

tapioca, a preparation of cassava root starch used as a food, in bread or as a thickening agent in liquid foods, notably puddings but also soups and juicy pies. In processing, heat ruptures the starch grains, converting them to small irregular masses that are further baked into flake tapioca. A

tapir, (genus Tapirus), any of five species of hoofed mammals, the only extant members of the family Tapiridae (order Perissodactyla), found in tropical forests of Malaysia and the New World. Heavy-bodied and rather short-legged, tapirs are 1.3 to 2.5 metres (about 4 to 8 feet) long and reach about

South American forest Indian: Belief and aesthetic systems: …Xingu, the Karajá and the Tapirapé of the Araguáia River area, some Ge of central Brazil, and the Guaraní of southern Bolivia. The masks represent the spirits of plants, fish, and other animals, as well as mythical heroes and divinities. They are highly stylized in form but, on occasion, naturalistic…

tapir, (genus Tapirus), any of five species of hoofed mammals, the only extant members of the family Tapiridae (order Perissodactyla), found in tropical forests of Malaysia and the New World. Heavy-bodied and rather short-legged, tapirs are 1.3 to 2.5 metres (about 4 to 8 feet) long and reach about

perissodactyl: Tapirs: The Central American, or Baird’s, tapir (T. bairdii) is the largest of the American species. It is essentially Middle American, with a range extending from Mexico into coastal Ecuador, and it occupies undisturbed climax rainforest. It is shy and adjusts poorly to the disturbance caused by…

tapir: …brown, or gray, but the Malayan tapir (T. indicus) is strongly patterned, with black head, shoulders, and legs and white rump, back, and belly. The young of all tapirs are dark brown, streaked and spotted with yellowish white. A single young (rarely two) is produced after a gestation of about…

tapir: bairdii), the little black, or Kobomani, tapir (T. kabomani), and the South American lowland tapir (T. terrestris). This geographic distribution, with four species in Central and South America and one in Southeast Asia, is peculiar. Fossil remains from Europe, China, and North America show that tapirs were once widespread, but…

perissodactyl: Tapirs: The mountain tapir (Tapirus pinchaque), the smallest and most primitive, inhabits the temperate-zone forests and bordering grasslands of the Andes in Colombia and Ecuador and in northern Peru, up to altitudes of nearly 4,600 metres (about 15,000 feet). Agricultural and pastoral expansion resulted in some decline…

perissodactyl: Tapirs: The mountain tapir (Tapirus pinchaque), the smallest and most primitive, inhabits the temperate-zone forests and bordering grasslands of the Andes in Colombia and Ecuador and in northern Peru, up to altitudes of nearly 4,600 metres (about 15,000 feet). Agricultural and pastoral expansion resulted in some decline…

tapir: kabomani), and the South American lowland tapir (T. terrestris). This geographic distribution, with four species in Central and South America and one in Southeast Asia, is peculiar. Fossil remains from Europe, China, and North America show that tapirs were once widespread, but the extinction of intermediate forms has isolated the…

tapestry: 15th century: …famous for its production of tapis d’or, or “golden carpets,” so called because of the profuse use of gold threads. Examples such as The Triumph of Christ, popularly known as the Mazarin Tapestry (c. 1500), are characterized by their richness of effect.

Polonaise carpet, any of various handwoven floor coverings with pile of silk, made in Eṣfahān and other weaving centres of Persia in the late 16th and 17th centuries, at first for court use and then commercially. Because the first examples of this type to be exhibited publicly in Europe in the 19th

Trans-Arabian Pipeline, crude oil pipeline in southwestern Asia. It extended 1,069 miles (1,720 km) from Al-Dammām on the Persian Gulf coast of Saudi Arabia to Sidon, Lebanon, on the Mediterranean Sea. The pipeline was built by a subsidiary of the Arabian American Oil Company (Aramco) and began

massage: …is easier; and percussion (tapotement), in which the sides of the hands are used to strike the surface of the skin in rapid succession to improve circulation. See also physical medicine and rehabilitation.

Tappa Ḥiṣār, Iranian archaeological site located near Dāmghān in northern Iran. Excavations made in 1931–32 by the University of Pennsylvania and in 1956 by the University of Tokyo demonstrated that the site was continuously inhabited from about 3900 to about 1900 bc. The long habitation sequence

Rockland: 7-km) Tappan Zee Bridge across the Hudson has linked Rockland and Westchester counties since the bridge’s completion in 1956, and in August 2017 the first span of its dramatic replacement—the Governor Mario M. Cuomo Bridge—was opened.

Arthur Tappan was an American philanthropist who used much of his energy and his fortune in the struggle to end slavery. After a devoutly religious upbringing, Tappan moved to Boston at age 15 to enter the dry goods business. Six years later he launched his own firm in Portland, Maine, and then in

University of Michigan: Tappan (1852–63), who adopted European (especially German) academic models and fostered teaching education, and James Burrill Angell (1871–1909), Michigan became a leader in broadening higher education. It was the first American medical school to establish its own hospital and offered the first course in American…

Amistad mutiny: New England abolitionist Lewis Tappan stirred public sympathy for the African captives, while the U.S. government took the proslavery side. U.S. President Martin Van Buren ordered a Navy ship sent to Connecticut to return the Africans to Cuba immediately after the trial. A candidate for reelection that year,…

Tappa Ḥiṣār, Iranian archaeological site located near Dāmghān in northern Iran. Excavations made in 1931–32 by the University of Pennsylvania and in 1956 by the University of Tokyo demonstrated that the site was continuously inhabited from about 3900 to about 1900 bc. The long habitation sequence

dice: Cheating with dice: Loaded dice (called tappers, missouts, passers, floppers, cappers, or spot loaders, depending on how and where extra weight has been applied) may prove to be perfect cubes when measured with calipers, but extra weight just below the surface on some sides will make the opposite…

rubber: Tapping and coagulation: When the bark of the Hevea tree is partially cut through (tapped), a milky liquid exudes from the wound and dries to yield a rubbery film. The biological function of this latex is still obscure: it may help wound-healing by protecting the…

tap dance: Film: Paul Draper and Georgie Tapps were the first to popularize tap-dancing to classical music, and they performed at such glamorous nightclubs as Manhattan’s Rainbow Room. Throughout the Big Band era, tap dancers performed with well-known orchestras; Bunny Briggs, for example, danced with the bands of Duke Ellington, Earl…

cabaret: …had its roots in the taproom concerts given in city taverns during the 18th and 19th centuries. A popular form by the end of the 19th century, it was often called a music hall, although music hall usually meant variety entertainment in England.

taproot, main root of a primary root system, growing vertically downward. Most dicotyledonous plants (see cotyledon), such as dandelions, produce taproots, and some, such as the edible roots of carrots and beets, are specialized for food storage. Upon germination, the first structure to emerge from

12 Essential Brat Pack Flicks: Taps (1981): In his New York magazine article on “Hollywood’s Brat Pack,” Blum named this drama as the first Brat Pack movie. Taps features several young faces that would become very familiar to moviegoers in the 1980s and beyond: Sean Penn, Tom Cruise, Timothy Hutton,…

Tapti River, river in central India, rising in the Gawilgarh Hills of the central Deccan plateau in south-central Madhya Pradesh state. It flows westward between two spurs of the Satpura Range, across the Jalgaon plateau region in Maharashtra state, and through the plain of Surat in Gujarat state

taboo, the prohibition of an action based on the belief that such behaviour is either too sacred and consecrated or too dangerous and accursed for ordinary individuals to undertake. The term taboo is of Polynesian origin and was first noted by Captain James Cook during his visit to Tonga in 1771;

ancient Iran: Art and literature: It is known as the Ṭāq Kisrā and is notable for its great barrel vault in baked brick, a typically Sāsānian architectonic device. Many Sāsānian buildings can also be seen in Fārs, where the characteristic construction is of limestone blocks embedded in strong mortar. The most important of these are…

polymerase chain reaction: Process: …a heat-stable DNA polymerase called Taq, an enzyme isolated from the thermophilic bacterium Thermus aquaticus, which inhabits hot springs. Taq polymerase also led to the invention of the PCR machine.

Ṭāq-e Bostān, village in western Iran, just northeast of Kermānshāh city. It is known for its rock carvings (bas-reliefs) of Sāsānid origin (3rd to 7th century ad). The carvings, some of the finest and best-preserved examples of Persian sculpture under the Sāsānians, include representations of the

Ṭāq-e Bostān, village in western Iran, just northeast of Kermānshāh city. It is known for its rock carvings (bas-reliefs) of Sāsānid origin (3rd to 7th century ad). The carvings, some of the finest and best-preserved examples of Persian sculpture under the Sāsānians, include representations of the