symphylan, (class Symphyla), any of a group of insects that are often included with the centipedes (Chilopoda) and millipedes (Diplopoda) in the superclass Myriapoda of the subphylum Labiata. The approximately 120 species resemble small centipedes with the largest being less than 10 mm (0.4 inch)

symphylan, (class Symphyla), any of a group of insects that are often included with the centipedes (Chilopoda) and millipedes (Diplopoda) in the superclass Myriapoda of the subphylum Labiata. The approximately 120 species resemble small centipedes with the largest being less than 10 mm (0.4 inch)

symphylan, (class Symphyla), any of a group of insects that are often included with the centipedes (Chilopoda) and millipedes (Diplopoda) in the superclass Myriapoda of the subphylum Labiata. The approximately 120 species resemble small centipedes with the largest being less than 10 mm (0.4 inch)

apterygote: Annotated classification: Order Symphypleona Head hypognathous; postantennal organ absent; thorax and abdomen fused, segmentation lost or indistinct. 5 superfamilies, 11 families. Order Neelipleona Antennae small, shorter than head, situated midway or on anterior half; ocelli absent. Sometimes considered a family in order Symphypleona. Class Diplura

joint: Symphyses: A symphysis (fibrocartilaginous joint) is a joint in which the body (physis) of one bone meets the body of another. All but two of the symphyses lie in the vertebral (spinal) column, and all but one contain fibrocartilage as a constituent tissue. The short-lived…

joint: Symphyses: …the mandible is called the symphysis menti (from the Latin mentum, meaning “chin”) and is the only symphysis devoid of fibrocartilage. All of the other symphyses are permanent.

mons pubis: …lying in front of the pubic symphysis. The mons pubis is a rounded eminence made by fatty tissue beneath the skin. In humans, it generally is more prominent in females than in males. A few fine hairs may be present in childhood; later, at puberty, they become coarser and more…

discus fish, two species of the genus Symphysodon of fishes in the family Cichlidae (order Perciformes), characterized by a compressed, disk-shaped body. The two species (S. discus and S. aequifasciata) occur naturally in tributaries of the Amazon River in South America. Discus fish have an unusual

discus fish: discus and S. aequifasciata) occur naturally in tributaries of the Amazon River in South America. Discus fish have an unusual form of parental care: the adults secrete a mucuslike substance onto their skin that provides nourishment for the young. Some reports indicate that both parents are involved…

discus fish: …two species of the genus Symphysodon of fishes in the family Cichlidae (order Perciformes), characterized by a compressed, disk-shaped body. The two species (S. discus and S. aequifasciata) occur naturally in tributaries of the Amazon River in South America. Discus fish have an unusual form of parental care: the adults…

Symphyta, one of two suborders of the insect order Hymenoptera, the other being Apocrita. Included in the group are the sawfly, horntail, and wood wasp (qq.v.)—the most primitive members of the order. The suborder includes several thousand species and is distributed worldwide. The “waist,” or

comfrey, any herb plant of the Eurasian genus Symphytum, of the family Boraginaceae, especially the medicinal common comfrey (S. officinale), used to treat wounds and a source of a gum for treatment of wool. The coiled sprays of comfrey blooms, which are bell-like, deeply parted, five-lobed, and

comfrey: …family Boraginaceae, especially the medicinal common comfrey (S. officinale), used to treat wounds and a source of a gum for treatment of wool. The coiled sprays of comfrey blooms, which are bell-like, deeply parted, five-lobed, and hanging, are usually pollinated by bees.

Argonaut: …how to pass through the Symplegades, or Cyanean rocks—two cliffs that moved on their bases and crushed whatever sought to pass. Following his advice, Jason sent ahead a dove that was damaged between the rocks, but thanks to Athena the Argo slipped through while the rocks were rebounding. From that…

Ericales: Symplocaceae: Symplocaceae is a group of tropical to subtropical evergreen trees. There are two genera: Symplocos, with about 318 species that grow in North America, South America, Southeast Asia, Indo-Malesia, and especially New Caledonia, and Cordyloblaste, with 2 species. The toothed leaves of Symplocos often…

skunk cabbage: …America the skunk cabbage is Symplocarpus foetidus, which belongs to the arum family (Araceae, order Arales). In French-speaking parts of Canada it is called tabac du diable (“devil’s tobacco”) or chou puant (“stinking cabbage”). It is a fleshy, herbaceous plant with large leaves, purple-brown spathes, and a skunklike odour; a…

horse sugar: paniculata, also known as sapphire berry, is a shrub or small tree native to eastern Asia but cultivated in other regions. It bears white, fragrant flowers in clusters 5–7.5 cm (2–3 inches) long. The fleshy, bright blue fruit is about 1 cm (0.4 inch) in diameter. S. tinctoria, also…

horse sugar: tinctoria, also known as sweetleaf, is a shrub or small tree native to southeastern North America. The yellow, fragrant flowers are about 1 cm across and are borne in dense clusters. The oblong, orange-brown fruit is about 1 cm in diameter. The plant yields a yellow dye.

angiosperm: Stems: … in angiosperms are monopodial and sympodial. Monopodial branching occurs when the terminal bud continues to grow as a central leader shoot and the lateral branches remain subordinate—e.g., beech trees (Fagus; Fagaceae). Sympodial branching occurs when the terminal bud ceases to grow (usually because a terminal flower has formed) and an…

Socrates: Xenophon: Xenophon’s Symposium is a depiction of Socrates in conversation with his friends at a drinking party (it is perhaps inspired by a work of Plato of the same name and character) and is regarded by some scholars as a valuable re-creation of Socrates’ thought and way…

platonic love: …account of love in his Symposium.

symposium, In ancient Greece, an aristocratic banquet at which men met to discuss philosophical and political issues and recite poetry. It began as a warrior feast. Rooms were designed specifically for the proceedings. The participants, all male aristocrats, wore garlands and leaned on the left

Christopher Simpson was an English composer, teacher, theorist, and one of the great virtuoso players in the history of the viol. A Roman Catholic, he fought on the Royalist side in the English Civil War (1643–44) and subsequently became tutor to the son of a prominent Catholic, Sir Robert Bolles.

human disease: Disease: signs and symptoms: Disease may be acute, chronic, malignant, or benign. Of these terms, chronic and acute have to do with the duration of a disease, malignant and benign with its potentiality for causing death.

The E.W. Scripps Company: The company is led by Adam Symson, president and chief executive officer, and trades on the Nasdaq under the symbol SSP.

Greece: Justice: …the Council of State (Symvoulion Epikrateias), which is responsible for administration disputes. A Court of State Auditors has jurisdiction in a number of financial matters. A Special Supreme Tribunal deals with disputes over the interpretation of the constitution and checks the validity of parliamentary elections and referenda.

Arabian religion: South Arabia: …Sabaʾ the national god was Almaqah (or Ilmuqah), a protector of artificial irrigation, lord of the temple of the Sabaean federation of tribes, near the capital, Maʾrib. Until recently, Almaqah was considered to be a moon god, under the influence of a now generally rejected conception of a South Arabian…

music synthesizer: …after, including the Buchla and Syn-Ket, the last approximately the size of an upright piano. Most synthesizers have had piano-like keyboards, although other types of performing mechanisms have been used. The Moog III, developed by the American physicist Robert Moog, had two five-octave keyboards that controlled voltage changes (and thus…

synagogue, in Judaism, a community house of worship that serves as a place not only for liturgical services but also for assembly and study. Its traditional functions are reflected in three Hebrew synonyms for synagogue: bet ha-tefilla (“house of prayer”), bet ha-kneset (“house of assembly”), and

Pappus of Alexandria: …Roman Empire, known for his Synagoge (“Collection”), a voluminous account of the most important work done in ancient Greek mathematics. Other than that he was born at Alexandria in Egypt and that his career coincided with the first three decades of the 4th century ad, little is known about his…

Hesychius of Alexandria: Entitled Synagōgē pasōn lexeōn kata stoicheion (“Alphabetical Collection of All Words”), the lexicon was based on other accessible specialized lexica dating to the 1st century bc, but Hesychius particularly borrowed from Diogenianus of Heraclea, a 2nd-century-ad language scholar from a Greek colony in what is now…

synagogue, in Judaism, a community house of worship that serves as a place not only for liturgical services but also for assembly and study. Its traditional functions are reflected in three Hebrew synonyms for synagogue: bet ha-tefilla (“house of prayer”), bet ha-kneset (“house of assembly”), and

Synagogue Council of America, a Jewish organization founded in 1926 to provide most congregationally affiliated Jews (regardless of individual differences) with a common voice in interfaith activities, especially those involving Christians. Council membership thus includes as Orthodox constituents

Alessandro Magnasco: Such works as The Synagogue (1725–30) reveal his nervous, sketchy style and his predilection for the bizarre. His attenuated figures and unnatural, flickering light heighten the sense of the fantastic and grotesque in his art.

stonefish, (Synanceia), any of certain species of venomous marine fish of the genus Synanceia and the family Synanceiidae, found in shallow waters of the tropical Indo-Pacific. Stonefish are sluggish bottom-dwelling fish that live among rocks or coral and in mudflats and estuaries. Thickset fish

stonefish: A representative species is S. verrucosa, which may grow about 33 cm (13 inches) long.

stonefish, (Synanceia), any of certain species of venomous marine fish of the genus Synanceia and the family Synanceiidae, found in shallow waters of the tropical Indo-Pacific. Stonefish are sluggish bottom-dwelling fish that live among rocks or coral and in mudflats and estuaries. Thickset fish

stonefish: A representative species is S. verrucosa, which may grow about 33 cm (13 inches) long.

eel: Annotated classification: Family Synaphobranchidae (cutthroat eels) Gill slits ventrolateral to ventral, united. Scales present. 10 genera with about 35 species. Deepwater, worldwide. Initially the eels were split into the Colocephali (morays) and Enchelycephali (others), and the suborder Carenchelyi for the Derichthyidae was added later. The current classification…

evolution: Maximum parsimony methods: …of derived shared traits, called synapomorphic traits. A synapomorphic trait is shared by some taxa but not others because the former inherited it from a common ancestor that acquired the trait after its lineage separated from the lineages going to the other taxa. In the evolution of carnivores, for example,…

evolution: Maximum parsimony methods: …of derived shared traits, called synapomorphic traits. A synapomorphic trait is shared by some taxa but not others because the former inherited it from a common ancestor that acquired the trait after its lineage separated from the lineages going to the other taxa. In the evolution of carnivores, for example,…

synapse, the site of transmission of electric nerve impulses between two neurons or between a neuron and a gland or muscle cell (effector). At a synapse, signals are transmitted either electrically or, more commonly, chemically through the release of neurotransmitters. A synaptic connection between

vertebrate: Annotated classification: Subclass Synapsida †Extinct; mammal-like; lateral temporal opening. Class Aves Warm-blooded; skull has only 1 condyle; front limbs primarily modified for flight; hind limbs are legs with 4 or fewer toes; body covered with feathers; scales on feet; 4-chambered heart; no teeth; horny beak; lungs with extended…

vertebrate: Annotated classification: Subclass Synapsida †Extinct; mammal-like; lateral temporal opening. Class Aves Warm-blooded; skull has only 1 condyle; front limbs primarily modified for flight; hind limbs are legs with 4 or fewer toes; body covered with feathers; scales on feet; 4-chambered heart; no teeth; horny beak; lungs with extended…

neurotransmitter: Neurotransmitter signaling: …by a gap called the synaptic cleft. The synaptic cleft, presynaptic terminal, and receiving dendrite of the next cell together form a junction known as the synapse.

nervous system: Postsynaptic potential: …no delay, chemical transmission exhibits synaptic delay. Recordings from squid synapses and neuromuscular junctions of the frog reveal a delay of 0.5 to 4.0 milliseconds between the onset of action potential at the nerve terminal and action potential at the postsynaptic site. This delay may be accounted for by three…

synapse, the site of transmission of electric nerve impulses between two neurons or between a neuron and a gland or muscle cell (effector). At a synapse, signals are transmitted either electrically or, more commonly, chemically through the release of neurotransmitters. A synaptic connection between

basal ganglia: Cell physiology: …striatum through a mechanism called synaptic plasticity. Dopamine plays a key role in this process and is essential for both strengthening synaptic inputs as well as weakening synaptic inputs that code for unwanted and undesirable motor plans. Thus, dopamine neurons act as gatekeepers, controlling which messages progress from the striatum…

neuroplasticity: …completely, a process known as synaptic pruning, which leaves behind efficient networks of neural connections. Other forms of neuroplasticity operate by much the same mechanism but under different circumstances and sometimes only to a limited extent. These circumstances include changes in the body, such as the loss of a limb…

astrocyte: …important in the modulation of synaptic transmission, since uptake systems tend to terminate neurotransmitter action at the synapses and also may act as storage systems for neurotransmitters when they are needed.

nervous system: Axon: …most numerous of these are synaptic vesicles, which, filled with neurotransmitters, are often clumped in areas of the terminal membrane that appear to be thickened. The thickened areas are called presynaptic dense projections, or active zones.

vertebrate: Annotated classification: Subclass Synaptosauria †Extinct; single temporal opening on area of cheek. Subclass Ichthyopterygia †Extinct; temporal openings high up on skull; fishlike; spindle-shaped body; high tail fin; triangular dorsal fin; paddlelike legs; marine. Subclass Synapsida

seed: Self-dispersal: …aim is often achieved by synaptospermy, the sticking together of several diaspores, which makes them less mobile, as in beet and spinach, and by geocarpy. Geocarpy is defined as either the production of fruits underground, as in the arum lilies Stylochiton and Biarum, in which the flowers are already subterranean,…

joint: Synarthroses: Synarthroses are divided into three classes: fibrous, symphysis, and cartilaginous.

swamp eel, any of about 15 species of slim, eel-like fish comprising the order Synbranchiformes. Swamp eels, unrelated to true eels (Anguilliformes), are found in fresh and brackish waters of the tropics. They appear to be related to the order Perciformes. They range from about 20 to 70 centimetres

motion-picture technology: Principal parts: The sync-generator provides a record of the speed of the camera motor; each frame of picture causes 2.5 cycles of a 60-hertz pulse to be recorded on the sync-track of the sound tape. A newer system is based on the “time code” originally developed for videotape.…

crustacean: Annotated classification: Superorder Syncarida Carboniferous to present; no carapace. †Order Palaeocaridacea Carboniferous to Permian; first thoracic segment not fused to head; abdominal pleopods 2-branched, flaplike; 4 families. Order Anaspidacea Permian to present; with or without eyes; antennules

history of logic: The properties of terms and discussions of fallacies: …on the topic of “syncategoremata”—expressions such as “only,” “inasmuch as,” “besides,” “except,” “lest,” and so on, which posed quite different logical problems than did the terms and logical particles in traditional categorical propositions or in the simpler kind of “hypothetical” propositions inherited from the Stoics. The study of valid…

Cape buffalo, (Syncerus caffer caffer), the largest and most formidable of Africa’s wild bovids (family Bovidae) and a familiar sight to visitors of African parks and reserves. The Cape buffalo, a subspecies of the African buffalo, is the only member of the buffalo and cattle tribe (Bovini) that

Cape buffalo: (The forest, or red, buffalo, S. caffer nanus, a much smaller and less familiar subspecies, inhabits forests and swamps of Central and West Africa.)

joint: Cartilaginous joints: These joints, also called synchondroses, are the unossified masses between bones or parts of bones that pass through a cartilaginous stage before ossification. Examples are the synchondroses between the occipital and sphenoid bones and between the sphenoid and ethmoid bones of the floor…

Ruth St. Denis: …form that she called “synchoric orchestra”—a technique, comparable to the eurythmics of Émile Jaques-Dalcroze, that assigned one dancer to interpret the rhythms of each instrument of the orchestra.

synchrocyclotron, improved form of cyclotron, a device that accelerates subatomic particles to high energies (see

Synchromism, art movement begun by American painters Morgan Russell and Stanton Macdonald-Wright in 1913–14 that focused on colour. At the time, the two artists were living in Paris, painting abstract works they called “synchromies.” In a 1916 statement on Synchromism, Macdonald-Wright described

synchronic linguistics, the study of a language at a given point in time. The time studied may be either the present or a particular point in the past; synchronic analyses can also be made of dead languages, such as Latin. Synchronic linguistics is contrasted with diachronic linguistics (or

phonology: Synchronic (descriptive) phonology investigates sounds at a single stage in the development of a language, to discover the sound patterns that can occur. For example, in English, nt and dm can appear within or at the end of words (“rent,” “admit”) but not at the…

Sting: Honors: Library of Congress added Synchronicity to the National Recording Registry, a list of audio recordings deemed “culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant,” in 2023.

technology of photography: Firing and synchronization: Flash units are usually fired with a switch in the camera shutter to synchronize the flash with the shutter opening. A contact in the camera’s flash shoe (hot shoe) or a flash lead connects the unit with this shutter switch. The shutter contact usually…

technology of photography: Firing and synchronization: Flash units are usually fired with a switch in the camera shutter to synchronize the flash with the shutter opening. A contact in the camera’s flash shoe (hot shoe) or a flash lead connects the unit with this shutter switch. The shutter contact usually…

computer science: Parallel and distributed computing: …general prevention strategy is called process synchronization. Synchronization requires that one process wait for another to complete some operation before proceeding. For example, one process (a writer) may be writing data to a certain main memory area, while another process (a reader) may want to read data from that area.…

diving: Synchronized diving, a competition in which two divers simultaneously perform a dive, emerged and became part of the Olympic program in 2000.

spectroscopy: Applications: Synchronized flash X-ray photography, made possible with the intense X-rays from a synchrotron source, can capture the image of pulsing arteries of the human heart, as shown in Figure 13, which would have appeared blurred in an image made with a conventional X-ray exposure.

figure skating: Synchronized team skating: Synchronized team skating, also known as precision skating, is the newest and fastest-growing skating sport. It consists of a team of eight or more skaters who perform various movements, which are in unison with at least part of the team. The sport…

television: Basic receiver circuits: …produced by the camera and synchronizing generator in the transmitter, and (2) a frequency-modulated sound signal. At this point the picture and sound signals are separated. The sound signal is passed through a sound intermediate amplifier and frequency detector (discriminator, or ratio detector) that converts the frequency modulation back to…

computer: Main memory: …such design is known as synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), which became widely used by 2001.

electric generator: Alternating-current generators: They are therefore known as synchronous generators or, in some contexts, alternators.

aerospace industry: Lean manufacturing: Consistent with improving the economics of aerospace vehicles is the transition to a new paradigm for the entire industry, from concept development to operations. This approach involves all processes pertaining to the acquisition, design, development, and manufacturing of a product or system and…

synchronous motor, alternating-current electric motor designed to run at a speed that is directly proportional to the frequency of the electric power source. Typically, a synchronous motor has a stator with a winding similar to that of an induction motor. Its rotor produces a constant magnetic

post-traumatic stress disorder: A test known as synchronous neural interaction (SNI) has been shown to effectively distinguish between the patterns of abnormal brain activity seen in persons with PTSD and the patterns of typical brain activity observed in healthy persons. During an SNI test, the patient stares at a dot for approximately…

telephone: Optical-fibre cable: …transmission rates known as the synchronous optical network (SONET) or optical carrier (OC) in the United States and as the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) elsewhere, as shown in the table.

celestial mechanics: Examples of perturbations: , geostationary satellites, which orbit synchronously with Earth’s rotation) are destabilized by this deviation except at two longitudes. If the axial asymmetry is represented by a slightly elliptical Equator, the difference between the major and minor axis of the ellipse is about 64 metres, with the major axis located about…

pacemaker: More-recent devices are synchronous, or demand, pacemakers that trigger heart contractions only when the normal beat is interrupted. Most pacemakers of this type are designed to generate a pulse when the natural heart rate falls below 68 to 72 beats per minute.

celestial mechanics: Tidal evolution: …continue until the rotation is synchronous with the mean orbital motion of ms. This has happened for the Moon, which keeps the same face toward Earth.

synchrotron, cyclic particle accelerator in which a charged particle—generally, a subatomic particle, such as an electron or a proton, or a heavy-ion particle, such as a gold ion—is accelerated to very high energies in the presence of an alternating electric field while confined to a constant

synchrotron radiation, electromagnetic energy emitted by charged particles (e.g., electrons and ions) that are moving at speeds close to that of light when their paths are altered, as by a magnetic field. It is so called because particles moving at such speeds in a variety of particle accelerator

particle accelerator: Synchrocyclotrons: …phase and energy are called synchrotron oscillations.

synchrotron radiation, electromagnetic energy emitted by charged particles (e.g., electrons and ions) that are moving at speeds close to that of light when their paths are altered, as by a magnetic field. It is so called because particles moving at such speeds in a variety of particle accelerator

Atlas Mountains: Transportation: …the plains, the nomads use synclinal corridors (i.e., corridors formed by folds in the rocks in which the strata dip inward from both sides toward the centre) that separate the ridges of the Saharan Atlas range. The Biskra Gap, situated between the Ouled-Naïl and Aurès ranges, provides a natural conduit…

mountain: Alpine- (or Himalayan-)type belts: …regularly spaced folds—alternating anticlines and synclines—and thrust on top of one another. The Valley and Ridge province of Pennsylvania, which was formed during the collision of Africa and North America near the end of Paleozoic time (about 240,000,000 years ago), is a classic example.

fold: …folds are superimposed, and a synclinorium is a large syncline on which minor folds are superimposed. A symmetrical fold is one in which the axial plane is vertical. An asymmetrical fold is one in which the axial plane is inclined. An overturned fold, or overfold, has the axial plane inclined…

satellite communication: Development of satellite communication: …by the successful launch of Syncom 2, the first satellite in a geosynchronous orbit (an orbit that has a period of 24 hours but is inclined to the Equator), on July 26, 1963, and Syncom 3, the first satellite in geostationary orbit, on August 19, 1964. Syncom 3 broadcast the…

satellite communication: Development of satellite communication: …on July 26, 1963, and Syncom 3, the first satellite in geostationary orbit, on August 19, 1964. Syncom 3 broadcast the 1964 Olympic Games from Tokyo, Japan, to the United States, the first major sporting event broadcast via satellite.

Charlie Barnet: …in such motion pictures as Syncopation (1942), The Fabulous Dorseys (1947), and Make Believe Ballroom (1949).

syncopation, in music, the displacement of regular accents associated with given metrical patterns, resulting in a disruption of the listener’s expectations and the arousal of a desire for the reestablishment of metric normality; hence the characteristic “forward drive” of highly syncopated music.

syncope, effect of temporary impairment of blood circulation to a part of the body. The term is most often used as a synonym for fainting, which is caused by insufficient blood flow to the brain as a result of a fall in blood pressure. Fainting tends to be preceded first by paleness, nausea, and

Indigenous peoples of the Great Plains: Syncretism, assimilation, and self-determination: New religious movements were adopted during the early reservation period—first the Ghost Dance and later peyotism. Both were syncretic, combining elements of traditional religions with those of Christianity. The Ghost Dance began as a redemptive movement in the

religious syncretism, the fusion of diverse religious beliefs and practices. Instances of religious syncretism—as, for example, Gnosticism (a religious dualistic system that incorporated elements from the Oriental mystery religions), Judaism, Christianity, and Greek religious philosophical

nucleus: …through cell fusion (forming a syncytium, as in skeletal muscle fibers) or through repeated nuclear division without cytokinesis (coenocytic cells). Some cells—such as mature mammalian red blood cells—lose their nuclei during development to help maximize space for oxygen transport.

bandicoot: …toe (a trait known as syndactyly). The teeth are sharp and slender. The pouch opens rearward and encloses 6 to 10 teats. Unlike other marsupials, bandicoots have a placenta (lacking villi, however). Most species have two to six young at a time; gestation takes 12–15 days.

artiodactyl: Reproductive specializations: …camels and ruminants possess a syndesmochorial placenta, in which the epithelium of the maternal tissues is eroded to facilitate intercommunication. This is an advance over the epitheliochorial placenta, but the artiodactyls are not particularly advanced, when compared with other mammals, in which there may be still closer association of maternal…