synaptic plasticity

Synaptic plasticity refers to the ability of neurons and neural networks in the brain to change their connections and behavior in response to new information, sensory stimulation, development, damage, or dysfunction. This fundamental property of the brain allows for learning and memory.1

A key aspect of synaptic plasticity is long-term potentiation (LTP), which is a long-lasting strengthening of the response of a postsynaptic nerve cell to stimulation across the synapse. This occurs with repeated stimulation and is thought to be related to learning and long-term memory.2

Synapses are the sites where nerve impulses are transmitted between neurons, or between a neuron and a gland or muscle cell. This transmission can be electrical or, more commonly, chemical, involving the release of neurotransmitters. The brain's capacity to change its connections, known as neuroplasticity, operates through adjustments in the strength or number of synapses between neurons.31