Alligator Rivers: The South Alligator rises in the hills near El Sherana, a now-abandoned mining base for uranium, and follows a northerly course for about 100 miles (160 km). The East Alligator rises in Arnhem Land and flows northwesterly for nearly 100 miles; the West Alligator (50 miles…

South America, fourth largest of the world’s continents. It is the southern portion of the landmass generally referred to as the New World, the Western Hemisphere, or simply the Americas. The continent is compact and roughly triangular in shape, being broad in the north and tapering to a point—Cape

Arawak: The South American Arawak inhabited northern and western areas of the Amazon basin, where they shared the means of livelihood and social organization of other tribes of the tropical forest. They were sedentary farmers who hunted and fished, lived in small autonomous settlements, and had little…

Leptodactylidae: The South American bullfrogs are of this genus. These animals resemble true frogs (Rana) but lack webbing on the feet. The edible L. pentadactylus of Panama and South America is a large form with a maximum length of more than 15 cm (6 inches).

capybara: …of the two species, the capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), is the largest living rodent in the world, growing up to about 1.3 metres (4.3 feet) long and weighing up to 79 kg (174 pounds). The lesser capybara (H. isthmius) is smaller, growing to about 1 metre (about 3 feet) in length…

Copa América, South America’s premier men’s football (soccer) tournament. The Copa América is held every four years and is the world’s oldest international football tournament. The tournament is governed by the Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol (CONMEBOL; South American Football Federation) and

UNASUR, South American organization created in 2008 to propel regional integration on issues including democracy, education, energy, environment, infrastructure, and security and to eliminate social inequality and exclusion. It was inspired by and modeled after the European Union. UNASUR’s members

South American fox, (genus Lycalopex), any of six South American carnivores of the dog family (Canidae). Although these canines are not actually foxes, they resemble true foxes. In general, South American foxes are long-haired, rather grayish animals that grow to about 0.5–1 metre (1.6–3.3 feet) in

South American forest Indian, indigenous inhabitants of the tropical forests of South America. The tribal cultures of South America are so various that they cannot be adequately summarized in a brief space. The mosaic is baffling in its complexity: the cultures have interpenetrated one another as a

South American fox, (genus Lycalopex), any of six South American carnivores of the dog family (Canidae). Although these canines are not actually foxes, they resemble true foxes. In general, South American foxes are long-haired, rather grayish animals that grow to about 0.5–1 metre (1.6–3.3 feet) in

fur seal: …the late 1970s about 14,000 South American fur seals (A. australis) were being harvested annually. Other species, including the once-numerous New Zealand fur seal (A. forsteri), the Galapagos fur seal (A. galapagoensis), and the Juan Fernandez fur seal (A. philippii), all of which were hunted nearly to the point of…

short-tailed opossum: …few species are long-lived (a gray short-tailed opossum [Monodelphis domestica] lived 49 months in captivity); others live only long enough for the female to bear and wean a single litter (semelparous).

short-tailed opossum: …few species are long-lived (a gray short-tailed opossum [Monodelphis domestica] lived 49 months in captivity); others live only long enough for the female to bear and wean a single litter (semelparous).

South American Indian, member of any of the aboriginal peoples inhabiting the continent of South America. The customs and social systems of South American peoples are closely and naturally related to the environments in which they live. These environmental relationships are mediated by the systems

South American Indian languages, group of languages that once covered and today still partially cover all of South America, the Antilles, and Central America to the south of a line from the Gulf of Honduras to the Nicoya Peninsula in Costa Rica. Estimates of the number of speakers in that area in

Native American religions: South America: …the religious life of indigenous South American peoples is vibrant and varied. Linguists have described as many as 1,500 distinct languages and native cultures in South America. Very few surviving communities, however, have been uninfluenced by Christian missionaries. For centuries Roman Catholicism was the dominant Christian influence on Native American…

South American fox, (genus Lycalopex), any of six South American carnivores of the dog family (Canidae). Although these canines are not actually foxes, they resemble true foxes. In general, South American foxes are long-haired, rather grayish animals that grow to about 0.5–1 metre (1.6–3.3 feet) in

tortoise beetle: Physical description: …pits and grooves covering a South American leaf beetle (Polychalca punctatissima) give it an iridescent green color with depth resembling that of an emerald. The coloring disappears at death because of the drying and shrinkage that occur, and the dead beetle turns dull brown.

tapir: kabomani), and the South American lowland tapir (T. terrestris). This geographic distribution, with four species in Central and South America and one in Southeast Asia, is peculiar. Fossil remains from Europe, China, and North America show that tapirs were once widespread, but the extinction of intermediate forms has isolated the…

lungfish: Size range and distribution: The South American species, Lepidosiren paradoxa, reaches a length of 1.25 metres (about 4 feet).

South American nomad, indigenous inhabitants of South America living as nomadic hunters, gatherers, and fishers. In the past, South American nomads could be found from Cape Horn to the Orinoco River in northern South America. The most variable groups were found in the southern half of the

painted snipe: The South American painted snipe (Nycticryphes semicollaris) is a darker bird with a yellow-striped back.

Andes Mountains: Geology: …two of these plates—the continental South American Plate and the oceanic Nazca Plate—gave rise to the orogenic (mountain-building) activity that produced the Andes.

rattlesnake: scutulatus), and the South American rattlesnake, or cascabel (C. durissus). Their venom attacks the nervous system more strongly than that of other rattlesnakes. The South American rattlesnake has the largest distribution of any rattlesnake; it ranges from Mexico to Argentina and is the only rattlesnake found throughout Central…

Neotropical region, one of the six major biogeographic areas of the world defined on the basis of its characteristic animal life. It extends south from the Mexican desert into South America as far as the subantarctic zone. It includes such animals as the llama, tapir, deer, pig, jaguar, puma, a

dolphin: Paleontology and classification: Family Iniidae (South American river dolphins) 5 species in 3 genera inhabiting rivers and coasts of eastern South America and China. The Chinese river dolphin, or baiji (Lipotes vexillifer), remains in this group, but most sources consider it to be extinct.

arrau, large and somewhat flat freshwater turtle with a neck that does not retract but instead can be tucked to the side and concealed beneath the shell (see side-necked turtle). Of the several South American Podocnemis species, arrau generally refers to the largest, P. expansa of northern South

sea lion: The southern, or South American, sea lion (Otaria byronia) is generally brown with a yellowish orange belly. It swims in coastal waters from northern Peru southward to Tierra del Fuego and even around the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic. The male is about 2.5 metres…

Joan Didion: Later works and honors: Didion’s later works also include South and West (2017), which contains two unpublished excerpts from her notebooks, with the main piece describing a road trip she took through the American South in 1970. Let Me Tell You What I Mean (2021) is a collection of previously published essays. Didion died…

Andaman Islands: …North Andaman, Middle Andaman, and South Andaman—closely positioned and collectively known as Great Andaman. Also prominent is Little Andaman, to the south. Of the still-extant original inhabitants—including the Sentinalese, the Jarawa, the Onge, and a group of peoples collectively known as the Great Andamese—only the first three retain a traditional…

South Arabian languages, two groups of Semitic languages in southern Arabia that were formerly thought to constitute a single language group. The languages spoken in modern times are known as the Modern South Arabian languages, while the languages attested in ancient times are known as Epigraphic

South Asia, subregion of Asia, consisting primarily of the Indo-Gangetic Plain and peninsular India. It includes the countries of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Sri Lanka; Afghanistan and the Maldives are often considered part of South Asia as well, as members of the South Asian

South Asian arts, the literary, performing, and visual arts of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. Despite a history of ethnic, linguistic, and political fragmentation, the people of the Indian subcontinent are unified by a common cultural and ethical outlook; a wealth of ancient textual

South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), organization of South Asian countries, founded in 1985, that is dedicated to economic, technological, social, and cultural development, emphasizing collective self-reliance. Its seven founding members are Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the

South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation: Initiatives and issues: The South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA), established by SAARC in 2004 and operational since 2006, has achieved little progress, especially when compared with the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA). Within ASEAN, trade conducted between member countries grew significantly from 1992 to 2017. Indeed, intraregional imports…

Asia: The polar front: Known as the South Asian (or Iranian) low, it appears in April and is fully developed from June to August. The onset of monsoon in India and mainland Southeast Asia is related to changes in the circulation pattern that occur by June—specifically, the disintegration of the southern jet…

microtonal music: South Asian music theory posits a scale of 22 unequal intervals to the octave; although, in practice, a chromatic scale of 100-cent intervals is used, ornaments use intervals of smaller size. In Indonesian music, intervals of many sizes appear, including those of the slendro scale,…

dress: South Asia: The Hindu population of South Asia comprises about 2,000 castes, each of whose members wear distinct clothes and ornaments. Thus, the subject of dress cannot be dealt with satisfactorily in a few paragraphs. Some of the principal features of upper-class Hindu and

equatorial current: …de la Plata (as the South Atlantic Current) then pushes to the African coast, where it veers north as the Benguela Current. This joins the Guinea Current to re-form the Atlantic South Equatorial Current.

Atlantic Ocean: The South Atlantic: Over the South Atlantic the belt of prevailing westerlies extends from about latitude 40° S southward into the Southern Ocean almost to Antarctica, and the South Atlantic high-pressure area is centred around 30° S. This anticyclone (circulation of winds around a central region…

John Spencer Bassett: …historian and founder of the South Atlantic Quarterly, influential in the development of historiography in the American South.

Falkland Islands War, a brief undeclared war fought between Argentina and Great Britain in 1982 over control of the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) and associated island dependencies. Argentina had claimed sovereignty over the Falkland Islands, which lie 300 miles (480 km) east of its coast,

South Australia, state of south-central Australia. It occupies one of the driest, most barren parts of the continent, but its southern fringe consists of well-watered and fertile lands and is where most of the population is located. It is bounded by Western Australia to the west, the Northern

South Australia: European settlement: The proposals for the new colony emerged through a series of controversial negotiations with the British government. The government generally curbed, though it did not eradicate, the original plan’s aspirations toward civil and religious liberties. The projectors were wrongly suspected of republicanism. South Australia was to be no ordinary…

South Australia: The arts: The Art Gallery of South Australia in Adelaide houses collections of Australian, European, and Asian art, including one of the finest collections of Southeast Asian ceramics. The Adelaide Symphony Orchestra gives regular concerts, especially in the refurbished 19th-century Adelaide Town Hall. The Adelaide Festival Centre, opened…

In accordance with the Colonial Naval Defence Act of 1865, each British colony was required to fly the British Blue Ensign defaced with a badge that readily identified the colony. On March 2, 1870, South Australia’s proposed badge included the Southern Cross constellation and two “pointer stars” (a

Adelaide: …Flinders University (1966) and the University of South Australia (1991). The biennial Adelaide Festival of Arts (1960) was the first international celebration of its kind to be held in Australia. Pop. (2006) local government area, 16,659; urban agglom., 1,105,840.

Edward Gibbon Wakefield: …of his theories, influenced the South Australian Act of 1834, which forbade the organization of South Australia as a convict settlement and incorporated the notion of the “sufficient price” for subsidizing immigration. The colony was founded Dec. 28, 1836.

South Australia: The arts: The South Australian Film Corporation (SAFC) produced many feature films for television and cinema before changing in 1994 from a production company to an agency that facilitates filming and promotes the industry within the state. The SAFC has been involved with numerous award-winning films, including The…

South Ayrshire, council area, southwestern Scotland. It stretches along the shores of the Firth of Clyde and includes the steep rock of Ailsa Craig at its mouth. In the south it includes a section of the hilly Southern Uplands. South Ayrshire lies entirely within the historic county of Ayrshire.

Banda Sea: …(5,800 meters) deep, while the South Banda Basin is 17,700 feet (5,400 meters) deep. A volcanic ridge further divides the southern South Banda Basin from the Weber Basin, the deepest in the sea, at some 24,409 feet (7,440 meters). The active volcano, Mount Api, rises from the floor of the…

South Bank, loosely defined area along the south bank of the River Thames in the London borough of Lambeth. It is bordered to the east by Bankside and extends approximately from Blackfriars Bridge (east) to Westminster Bridge (southwest). South Bank is home to a major arts complex—South Bank

Art Deco: …1930s the style took over South Beach in Miami, Florida, producing an area known as the Art Deco historic district.

South Bedfordshire, former district, Central Bedfordshire unitary authority, south-central England. The former district (1974–2009), part of the former administrative county of Bedfordshire, which was combined in 2009 with the former district of Mid Bedfordshire to form the unitary authority of

South Bend, city, seat (1831) of St. Joseph county, northern Indiana, U.S. It lies along the St. Joseph River, adjacent to Mishawaka (east) and 94 miles (151 km) east-southeast of Chicago. René-Robert Cavelier, sieur de La Salle, the French explorer, visited the locality in 1679, and under the old

South Bihar Plains, southern part of the Middle Ganges Plain, Bihar state, eastern India. Bounded by the Ganges (Ganga) River and the North Bihar Plains to the north, the Bengal basin to the east, the Chota Nagpur plateau to the south, and the Ayodhya (Oudh) Plains to the west, the South Bihar

Edinburgh: Edinburgh’s bridges: Two of these, the South Bridge (1788) and the King George IV Bridge (1834), are multiple-arch constructions that span the Cowgate ravine. These new bridges opened the south to rapid expansion. In the same period Waterloo Bridge, with its Regency Arch (1820), opened the eastern slopes of Calton Hill…

South Bucks, district, administrative and historic county of Buckinghamshire, England. The River Misbourne drains the district’s northeastern part. South Bucks’s boundary with Greater London to the east follows roughly across the Grand Union Canal, and the River Thames separates it from the county

South by Southwest, annual music, film, and interactive media conference held in Austin, Texas, U.S. South by Southwest (SXSW) began in 1987 as the South by Southwest Music and Media Conference when a promotion company, South by Southwest, Inc., decided to showcase the eclectic Austin music scene

South by Southwest, annual music, film, and interactive media conference held in Austin, Texas, U.S. South by Southwest (SXSW) began in 1987 as the South by Southwest Music and Media Conference when a promotion company, South by Southwest, Inc., decided to showcase the eclectic Austin music scene

Turks and Caicos Islands: …consists of six principal islands—South Caicos, East Caicos, Middle (or Grand) Caicos, North Caicos, Providenciales, and West Caicos—and several cays. Only six of the larger cays and two of the smaller cays are inhabited. More than four-fifths of the population lives on three islands: South Caicos, Providenciales (commonly called…

South Cambridgeshire, district, administrative county of Cambridgeshire, east-central England. The district lies almost entirely within the historic county of Cambridgeshire, except for the area around Great Chishill, which belongs to the historic county of Essex. It encircles the administratively

South Carolina, constituent state of the United States of America, one of the 13 original colonies. It lies on the southern Eastern Seaboard of the United States. Shaped like an inverted triangle with an east-west base of 285 miles (459 km) and a north-south extent of about 225 miles (360 km), the

South Carolina State University, public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Orangeburg, South Carolina, U.S. A Historically Black College and University (HBCU), South Carolina State offers numerous bachelor’s degree programs through schools of Applied Professional Sciences, Arts and

railroad: The South Carolina Railroad: …to the older and larger South Carolina port. Theirs was considered mainly as a regional rail line, which began service with a single locomotive. The hope was that the early years of operation would earn enough profit that the line might be improved on retained earnings and that success for…

University of South Carolina, coeducational U.S. state university system based in South Carolina’s capital city of Columbia. In addition to the main campus at Columbia, there are four-year branch campuses at Aiken and Spartanburg and two-year regional campuses at Union, Sumter, Beaufort, Lancaster,

Nullification Crisis: Doctrine of nullification and the Tariff of Abominations: …19, the state legislature issued South Carolina Exposition and Protest, which declared the tariff unconstitutional. Secretly drafted by Vice Pres. John C. Calhoun (whose name did not appear on it), the paper outlined the state’s grievances and furthered the nullification doctrine.

The Citadel, public military college located in Charleston, South Carolina, U.S. All undergraduate daytime students, known as cadets, are required to participate in one of the Reserve Officers’ Training Corps programs. The college offers bachelor’s degree programs in business, education,

railroad: The South Carolina Railroad: …Charleston launched an early railroad—the South Carolina Railroad—which at 130 miles was by some measure the longest rail line in the world when it opened in 1833. But it was constructed very cheaply. Where it could not be laid on crossties placed directly on the flat or gently sloping surface…

Robert Allston: … in 1821, and his papers, The South Carolina Rice Plantation, provide important agricultural, political, and social information about the pre-Civil War South. By scientifically draining and reclaiming swamps in his state, he developed one of the last great rice plantations in the Atlantic coast lowlands. He was also the author…

South Carolina State University, public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Orangeburg, South Carolina, U.S. A Historically Black College and University (HBCU), South Carolina State offers numerous bachelor’s degree programs through schools of Applied Professional Sciences, Arts and

Major Shadow Docket Rulings of the U.S. Supreme Court During the Second Trump Administration (2025– ): ” September 10, 2025: In South Carolina v. Doe, the Supreme Court denied a request by the state of South Carolina to stay an order issued by the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit that required a public school in the state to allow a transgender student…

On September 13, 1775, a blue flag with a white crescent in its upper hoist corner was raised by anti-British forces at a fort in Charleston Harbor. The flag design was based on the blue uniforms and white crescent badges on the caps of the fort’s patriot guards, who were commanded by Colonel

University of South Carolina, coeducational U.S. state university system based in South Carolina’s capital city of Columbia. In addition to the main campus at Columbia, there are four-year branch campuses at Aiken and Spartanburg and two-year regional campuses at Union, Sumter, Beaufort, Lancaster,

glacier: Mass balance of mountain glaciers: …the temperate, maritime glaciers is South Cascade Glacier, in western Washington. Its activity index is high, normally about 17 millimetres per metre (0.2 inch per foot); the yearly snow accumulation averages about 3.1 metres of water-equivalent; and the equilibrium line is at the relatively low altitude of 1,900 metres. This…

history of Transcaucasia: A South Caucasian, or Kura-Aras, culture, again associated with rich metalwork and characterized also by tholoi (beehive-shaped tombs), cyclopean masonry (characterized by large, irregular stone blocks fitted without mortar), and burnished black pottery with incised spiral decoration, dates from the late 3rd millennium bc. Evidence of…

Kartvelian languages, family of languages including Georgian, Svan, Mingrelian, and Laz that are spoken south of the chief range of the Caucasus. A brief treatment of Kartvelian languages follows. For full treatment, see Caucasian languages. Of the Kartvelian language family, only Georgian, the

Boutros Boutros-Ghali: …he chaired the board of South Centre, an intergovernmental think tank for developing countries. He supported the Campaign for the Establishment of a United Nations Parliamentary Assembly, a movement to establish citizens’ representation at the UN, from its founding in April 2007.

South Chungcheong, do (province), west-central South Korea. Facing the Yellow Sea to the west, it is bounded on the north by Gyeonggi province, on the east by North Chungcheong province, and on the south by North Jeolla province. Daejeon—administratively designated a metropolitan city with

South Charleston, city, Kanawha county, western West Virginia, U.S. It lies across the Kanawha River from Charleston. South Charleston was founded in 1916, and its development began with the establishment of several chemical companies and a U.S. naval ordnance plant (1917). The ordnance plant was

Cambrian Period: Paleogeography: …suggest that present-day North and South China were on separate tectonic plates; however, extensive carbonate deposits in both regions indicate that both plates were found in low latitudes during the Cambrian. The fossil assemblages of South China have strong similarities with those of both Australia and Kazakhstan, but details of…

South China Sea, arm of the western Pacific Ocean that borders the Southeast Asian mainland. It is bounded on the northeast by the Taiwan Strait (by which it is connected to the East China Sea); on the east by Taiwan and the Philippines; on the southeast and south by Borneo, the southern limit of

territorial disputes in the South China Sea, series of conflicts arising from the overlapping territorial claims of several countries that border the South China Sea. In recent decades China has been widely seen as the conflicts’ primary driver. While countries have long disagreed on the sea’s

Tian Han: Tian also founded the South China Society to experiment in and popularize modern vernacular drama, and he initiated the Nanguo Fortnightly as the organ of the society. His earliest works include the sentimental plays Kafeidian zhi yiye (1920; “A Night in a Café”) and Huohu zhi ye (1924; “The…

tiger: Tigers and humans: The South China tiger (P. tigris amoyensis) is the most critically endangered, and many researchers consider that subspecies to be extinct in the wild, because none have been observed in the wild since the 1970s. Captive South China tigers in zoos numbered about 150 individuals as…

South Jeolla, do (province), extreme southwestern South Korea. It is bounded by North Jeolla province (north), South Gyeongsang province (east), Jeju Strait (south), and the Yellow Sea (west). Its coastline, including nearly 2,000 islands, of which three-fourths are uninhabited, is about 3,800

Altai Mountains: Geology: …North (Severo) Chu, and the South (Yuzhno) Chu—tower more than 13,000 feet (4,000 metres) in elevation, running latitudinally in the central and eastern portions of the sector of the system within the Altay republic. The Tabyn-Bogdo-Ola (Mongolian: Tavan Bogd Uul), the Mönh Hayrhan Uul, and other western ridges of the…

South Chungcheong, do (province), west-central South Korea. Facing the Yellow Sea to the west, it is bounded on the north by Gyeonggi province, on the east by North Chungcheong province, and on the south by North Jeolla province. Daejeon—administratively designated a metropolitan city with

Seoul: City site: Known as Gangnam (“South River”), or “South City”—as opposed to Gangpuk (“North River”), or “North City,” north of the Han—the affluent area contains more than half the city’s population and, correspondingly, supplies half the local tax income. Gangnam is characterized by high-rise apartment blocks and new office…

Cushitic languages: …Kemant, Kwara, Xamtage, and Awngi; South Cushitic (spoken mainly in Tanzania), including Iraqw, Burunge, and Gorowa, the hybrid language Maʾa/Mbugu, and (in Kenya) Dahalo; Highland East Cushitic, including Burji, Sidamo, Kambata, and Hadiyya; Lowland East Cushitic, including Dasenech, Arbore, Saho-Afar, and Oromo and its close

Daitō Islands: North Daitō (Kita-Daitō) and South Daitō (Minami-Daitō) islands are the largest of the group and lie close to one another, while the smaller Oki-Daitō Island lies about 93 miles (150 km) south of them. North and South Daitō have a combined area of 15.7 square miles (40.5 square km).…

South Dakota, constituent state of the United States of America. South Dakota became the 40th state of the union on November 2, 1889. The state has two unique physical features: it contains the geographic center of the United States, which is located just north of Belle Fourche, and it has its own

Badlands, barren region covering some 2,000 square miles (5,200 square km) of southwestern South Dakota, U.S. It has an extremely rugged landscape almost devoid of vegetation. It was created by cloudbursts that cut deep gullies in poorly cemented bedrock; its extensive fossil deposits have yielded

South Dakota: Education: The South Dakota School of Mines and Technology in Rapid City (1885) is a specialty school for students pursuing science and engineering careers. Private liberal-arts colleges include Augustana College (1860) in Sioux Falls, the University of Sioux Falls (1883), Dakota Wesleyan University (1885) in Mitchell, Presentation…

South Dakota State University, public coeducational institution of higher learning in Brookings, eastern South Dakota, U.S. It was established by an act of the Dakota Territorial Legislature in 1881 as a land-grant college, under the provisions of the Morrill Act of 1862. The Agricultural

In the early 20th century the secretary of the state historical society, Doane Robinson, worked with the state senator Ernest May to develop a flag for South Dakota, the design for which was first painted by Robinson’s secretary, Ida Anding. The flag, influenced by a song written by Willis Johnson,

University of South Dakota, public coeducational institution of higher learning in Vermillion, southeastern South Dakota, U.S. It was established by the Dakota Territorial Legislature in 1862, and it opened in 1882. It was the first public institution of higher education in the Dakotas. Total

Peabody, city, Essex county, northeastern Massachusetts, U.S. It lies 17 miles (27 km) northeast of Boston. Originally part of Salem, it became part of Danvers in 1752 and was separately incorporated as the town of South Danvers in 1855. In 1868 it was renamed to honour the philanthropist George

South Derbyshire, district, administrative and historic county of Derbyshire, England. Undulating arable land is interspersed with meadowland in the valleys of the Rivers Derwent, Dove, and Trent, although the Trent valley also has electric-power stations and gravel-extraction sites. Swadlincote is

David Hare: …the 2008 financial crisis; and South Downs (2011), a one-act play about a solitary schoolboy’s struggles with friendship in the 1960s. Behind the Beautiful Forevers (2014) was a stage adaptation of a nonfiction volume about a poverty-stricken area of Mumbai. The Moderate Soprano (2015) dramatized the founding of the Glyndebourne…