The Satin Slipper, philosophical play in four “days” or sections by Paul Claudel, published in 1929 in French as Le Soulier de satin; ou, le pire n’est pas toujours sûr. It was designed to be read rather than performed (an abridged version was staged in 1943), and it is often considered Claudel’s

Suliyavongsa was the Lao king of Lan Xang during its golden age of prosperity, who welcomed the first European visitors to Laos. Suliyavongsa came to the throne in 1637 at a time of dynastic conflict and instability and authoritatively restored peace and delimited Lan Xang’s frontiers with its

Suliyavongsa was the Lao king of Lan Xang during its golden age of prosperity, who welcomed the first European visitors to Laos. Suliyavongsa came to the throne in 1637 at a time of dynastic conflict and instability and authoritatively restored peace and delimited Lan Xang’s frontiers with its

Markos Botsaris: …in the struggle between the Souliots of southern Epirus (Modern Greek: Íperos) and Ali Paşa, who had made himself ruler of Ioánnina (Janina) in Epirus in 1788. After Ali Paşa succeeded in capturing the Souliot strongholds in 1803, Botsaris and most of his surviving clansmen fled to Corfu (Kérkyra). He…

Faustin-Élie Soulouque was a Haitian slave, president, and later emperor of Haiti, who represented the black majority of the country against the mulatto elite. Soulouque was born a slave while Haiti was still under French rule. He participated in a successful revolt in 1803 that expelled the

David Lodge: How Far Can You Go? (1980; also published as Souls & Bodies) was well received in both the United States and Britain and takes a satiric look at a group of contemporary English Catholics.

Bonnie Raitt: …studio albums include Fundamental (1998), Souls Alike (2005), Grammy-winning Slipstream (2012), and Dig in Deep (2016). Her 18th studio album, Just Like That… (2022), featured several Grammy-winning tracks, most notably the eponymous single, which was named song of the year. Raitt was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of…

David Lodge: How Far Can You Go? (1980; also published as Souls & Bodies) was well received in both the United States and Britain and takes a satiric look at a group of contemporary English Catholics.

The Souls of Black Folk, collection of essays on Black life and race relations in the United States at the turn of the 20th century by W.E.B. Du Bois. Published in 1903, The Souls of Black Folk is a landmark of African American literature. A sociologist, historian, author, editor, and activist, Du

multiple souls, widely distributed notion, especially in central and northern Asia and Indonesia, that an individual’s life and personality are made up of a complex set of psychic interrelations. In some traditions the various souls are identified with the separate organs of the body; in others

Bartolomé Esteban Murillo: …Sevilla, which included the celebrated Soult Immaculate Conception (1678), which was removed to France by Nicolas-Jean de Dieu Soult during the Napoleonic period.

François Guizot: …Guizot became foreign minister in Marshal Nicolas-Jean de Dieu Soult’s ministry. This ministry proved to be the longest in Louis-Philippe’s reign, and from the beginning Guizot rather than the aged Soult was the real head of it. Indeed, Guizot succeeded Soult as premier in 1847. In foreign affairs Guizot’s policies…

Nicolas-Jean de Dieu Soult, duke de Dalmatie was a French military leader and political figure who was noted for his courage in battle and his opportunism in politics. Upon the death of his father in 1785, Soult enlisted in the infantry. At the outbreak of the French Revolution (1789–92), he was a

soumak, method of brocading handmade flat-woven rugs and similar fabrics. It is one of the oldest known techniques, identified among charred 7th-century-bc fragments excavated at Gordion, near Ankara in Anatolia. In recent times, it has been most prevalent in the Caucasus, but it is also used in

Michel Houellebecq: Writing career and books: Soumission (2015; Submission) is a dystopian work of speculative fiction in which France has become an Islamic state. The novel was published on the day of the attacks on the Paris offices of satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo, which had that week published an issue featuring a caricature…

sound, a mechanical disturbance from a state of equilibrium that propagates through an elastic material medium. A purely subjective definition of sound is also possible, as that which is perceived by the ear, but such a definition is not particularly illuminating and is unduly restrictive, for it

Alabama Shakes: The group’s sophomore effort, Sound & Color, was released in April 2015. It debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and marked the band’s first trip to the top of the charts. It was propelled by the soul anthem “Don’t Wanna Fight,” the album’s first single, which logged…

Sturgill Simpson: Later albums: …release was the Southern rock-style Sound & Fury (2019), which earned a Grammy nomination for best rock album and was accompanied by a short anime film of the same name. The following year he returned to bluegrass with Cuttin’ Grass, Vol. 1: The Butcher Shoppe Sessions and Cuttin’ Grass, Vol.…

sound: Sound absorption: In addition to the geometric decrease in intensity caused by the inverse square law, a small part of a sound wave is lost to the air or other medium through various physical processes. One important process is the direct conduction of the vibration…

prosody: The 20th century and beyond: Harvey Gross in Sound and Form in Modern Poetry (1964) saw rhythmic structure as a symbolic form, signifying ways of experiencing organic processes and the phenomena of nature. The function of prosody, in his view, is to image life in a rich and complex way. Gross’s theory is…

Max Reinhardt: Discovery of the theatre: …revue, Schall und Rauch (Sound and Smoke), to which Reinhardt contributed sketches. Playing before invited audiences, it was so successful that it was transformed into a serious work and settled into the Kleines Theater in 1902. Reinhardt planned a full season and directed his first play, Oscar Wilde’s Salomé.

Martin Ritt: First films: …source for their next collaboration, The Sound and the Fury (1959), a disappointing adaptation of author’s stylistically complex novel.

The Sound and the Fury, novel by William Faulkner, published in 1929, that details the destruction and downfall of the aristocratic Compson family from four different points of view. Faulkner’s fourth novel, The Sound and the Fury is notable for its nonlinear plot structure and its unconventional

sound barrier, sharp rise in aerodynamic drag that occurs as an aircraft approaches the speed of sound and that was formerly an obstacle to supersonic flight. If an aircraft flies at somewhat less than sonic speed, the pressure waves (sound waves) it creates outspeed their sources and spread out

sound: The Helmholtz resonator: The air cavity of a string instrument, such as the violin or guitar, functions acoustically as a Helmholtz-type resonator, reinforcing frequencies near the bottom of the instrument’s range and thereby giving the tone of the instrument more strength in its low range. The acoustic band-pass filter…

sound card, integrated circuit that generates an audio signal and sends it to a computer’s speakers. The sound card can accept an analog sound (as from a microphone or audio tape) and convert it to digital data that can be stored in an audio file, or it can accept digitized audio signals (as from

Dravidian languages: Proto-Dravidian sound changes: Several sound changes are found in all Dravidian languages in all subgroups. To be so widely distributed, these changes must have been prevalent in the parent language itself.

Elan Vital: …a spiritual discipline called the yoga of the sound current. According to Elan Vital, human individuals are essentially divine beings who exist as a result of the creative sound flowing from the divine realm. By chanting the names of God they immerse themselves in the sound current and thereby reconnect…

stagecraft: Sound design: Prior to the 1930s, the manner in which sound in the theatre was produced had not changed for more than 2,000 years. Music was played by musicians present in the theatre. Sound effects were produced by people…

sound effect, any artificial reproduction of sound or sounds intended to accompany action and supply realism in the theater, radio, television, and motion pictures. Sound effects, sometimes shortened to SFX, have traditionally been of great importance in the theater, where many effects, too vast in

History of film: The pre-World War II sound era: The idea of combining film and sound had been around since the invention of the cinema itself: Thomas Edison had commissioned the Kinetograph to provide visual images for his phonograph, and William Dickson had actually synchronized the two machines in…

SOFAR channel, zone of minimum sound speed in the oceans that occurs at depths of approximately 1,000 metres (3,300 feet). In this region, pressure, temperature, and salinity combine to inhibit the movement of sound through the water medium. If a sound is generated by a point source in the SOFAR

Ornette Coleman: …trumpet, and violin), he recorded Sound Grammar during a live performance in Italy; the work, which was said to hearken back to his music of the 1960s, was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for music in 2007.

stringed instrument: Morphology: …correct position is between the sound holes and just above the lower corners of the middle bout. The sound holes are of italic f form, sweeping outward and downward from the waist to the lower corners. A line joining the crosses of the fs marks the approximate position of the…

Roy DeCarava: …jazz portraits were published in The Sound I Saw: Improvisation on a Jazz Theme (2001). In 1996 the Museum of Modern Art organized a DeCarava retrospective that traveled to several cities and introduced his work to a new generation. DeCarava received a National Medal of Arts in 2006.

Mary-Louise Parker: …in the Broadway production of The Sound Inside (2019–20), a mystery centering on a creative-writing professor. For her performance, Parker won her second Tony Award. In 2022 she reunited with Morse for the Broadway production of How I Learned to Drive; the two actors reprised the roles they had played…

sound intensity, amount of energy flowing per unit time through a unit area that is perpendicular to the direction in which the sound waves are travelling. Sound intensity may be measured in units of energy or work—e.g., microjoules (10-6 joule) per second per square centimetre—or in units of

Ricky Martin: Early 2000s albums and Me: …century, including the English-language records Sound Loaded (2000) and Life (2005). Soon after, he took a step back, and in 2008 he began a family, having twins, Matteo and Valentino, via a surrogate. Two years later, he wrote on his website that he is gay, and he discussed his struggles…

illusion: Auditory phenomena: …who tested the process of sound localization (the direction from which sound seems to come). He constructed a pseudophone, an instrument made of two ear trumpets, one leading from the right side of the head to the left ear and the other vice versa. This created the illusory impression of…

Roderick P. Hart: The Sound of Leadership: Presidential Communication in the Modern Age (1987) and Campaign Talk: Why Elections Are Good for Us (2000) carefully blended two approaches (a sensitivity to individual texts and the rigour of large-scale human and computerized content analyses) to ask and answer fundamental…

the Jayhawks: …deserting the band’s country influences, Sound of Lies (1997) delved into melodic pop rock, building on Louris’s affection for the British Invasion in songs whose bright sound belied their darker subject matter, some of it the product of Louris’s divorce. Smile (2000), helmed by Bob Ezrin (producer of Pink Floyd’s…

Andrew Lloyd Webber: Legacy: …Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II’s The Sound of Music.

The Sound of Music, American musical film, released in 1965, that reigned for five years as the highest-grossing film in history. Its breathtaking photography and its many memorable songs, among them “My Favorite Things” and the title song, helped it to become an enduring classic. The nearly

Ko Un: …of poetry in English translation, The Sound of My Waves, was published in 1992. His later books in English translation included Beyond Self: 108 Korean Zen Poems (1997); Ten Thousand Lives (2005), excerpts from the first 10 volumes of the Ten Thousand Lives project; The Tree Way Tavern (2006); and…

Richard Flanagan: Novels: …by the highly acclaimed novel The Sound of One Hand Clapping (1997), a tale of the harsh life of a Slovenian immigrant family in Tasmania during the 20th century. His novel Gould’s Book of Fish: A Novel in Twelve Fish (2001), about a 19th-century convict living in Tasmania, was awarded…

Philadelphia International Records: The Sound of Philadelphia: The Sound of Philadelphia in the 1970s was the bridge between Memphis soul and international disco and between Detroit pop and Hi-NRG (high energy; the ultrafast dance music popular primarily in gay clubs in the 1980s). African-American-run Philadelphia International Records was the vital label of…

Kawabata Yasunari: …and Yama no oto (1949–54; The Sound of the Mountain) are considered to be his best novels. The later book focuses on the comfort an old man who cannot chide his own children gets from his daughter-in-law.

science fiction: Time travel: …is exemplified in Ray Bradbury’s A Sound of Thunder (1952; film 2005), in which a tiny misstep by dinosaur hunters grimly affects the consequent course of history. In Robert Silverberg’s Up the Line (1969), voyeuristic thrill seekers from the future infest the past.

stringed instrument: The violin family: This device, the sound post, is peculiar to the violin family, although it was later used on the viola da gamba family (known as the viols). It is the acoustic effect of the sound post that imparts to the violin its lively response and generous singing tone, for…

loudness, in acoustics, attribute of sound that determines the intensity of auditory sensation produced. The loudness of sound as perceived by human ears is roughly proportional to the logarithm of sound intensity: when the intensity is very small, the sound is not audible; when it is too great, it

sound production, in animals, the initiation of sound as a means of information transmission. Sounds are termed vocal when produced in the respiratory system and mechanical when produced by mutual contact of body parts or by contact with some element in the environment. Vocal sounds are restricted

timbre, quality of auditory sensations produced by the tone of a sound wave. The timbre of a sound depends on its wave form, which varies with the number of overtones, or harmonics, that are present, their frequencies, and their relative intensities. The illustration shows the wave form that

artillery: Target acquisition: …enemy gun positions were adopted—sound ranging and flash spotting. In sound ranging, a number of microphones were used to detect the sound waves of a gun being fired; by measuring the time interval between the passing of sound waves across different microphones, it was possible to determine a number…

sound reception, response of an organism’s aural mechanism, the ear, to a specific form of energy change, or sound waves. Sound waves can be transmitted through gases, liquids, or solids, but the hearing function of each species is particularly (though not exclusively) sensitive to stimuli from one

sound recording, transcription of vibrations in air that are perceptible as sound onto a storage medium, such as a phonograph disc. In sound reproduction the process is reversed so that the variations stored on the medium are converted back into sound waves. The three principal media that have been

sound recording, transcription of vibrations in air that are perceptible as sound onto a storage medium, such as a phonograph disc. In sound reproduction the process is reversed so that the variations stored on the medium are converted back into sound waves. The three principal media that have been

Olympic Games: Stockholm, Sweden, 1912: Electronic timing devices and a public address system were used for the first time. The Games were attended by approximately 2,400 athletes representing 28 countries. New competition included the modern pentathlon and swimming and diving events for women. The boxing competition was canceled by the Swedish organizers, who found the…

Harry Bertoia: …works, the “sonambient” or “sounding sculptures,” were designed to be activated by the wind or by hand to produce pleasing metallic or airy sound patterns. His numerous major works for public areas include huge decorative flow-welded metal sculpture screens for major corporations and educational institutions, such as the steel-screen…

sound: The sound spectrograph: A sound that changes in time, such as a spoken word or a bird call, can be more completely described by examining how the Fourier spectrum changes with time. In a graph called the sound spectrograph, frequency of the complex sound is plotted…

sound recording, transcription of vibrations in air that are perceptible as sound onto a storage medium, such as a phonograph disc. In sound reproduction the process is reversed so that the variations stored on the medium are converted back into sound waves. The three principal media that have been

sound track, in motion-picture technology, narrow band, usually along the margin of the film, that carries the photographic or magnetic sound record. In optical recording systems, sound waves modulate a beam of light; the sound track, which may be of variable density or of variable width, is a

speed of sound, speed at which sound waves propagate through different materials. In particular, for dry air at a temperature of 0 °C (32 °F), the modern value for the speed of sound is 331.29 metres (1,086.9 feet) per second. The speed of sound in liquid water at 8 °C (46 °F) is about 1,439 metres

The Sound, strait between Zealand (Sjælland), Denmark, and Skåne, Sweden, connecting the Kattegat strait (northwest) and the Baltic Sea (south). The Sound is one of the busiest sea-lanes in the world. Its total length, between the Kullen peninsula in the north and Falsterbo in the south (both in

son et lumière, nighttime entertainment conceived by Paul Robert-Houdin, curator of the Château de Chambord on the Cosson River, France, where the first one was presented in 1952. Multicoloured lights of changing intensity are directed against the facade of a historic building or ruin. The changes

sound-level meter, device for measuring the intensity of noise, music, and other sounds. A typical meter consists of a microphone for picking up the sound and converting it into an electrical signal, followed by electronic circuitry for operating on this signal so that the desired characteristics

motion-picture technology: Introduction of sound: …of sound-on-disc and adopted the sound-on-film option preferred by the other studios.

tunnels and underground excavations: Preserving rock strength: …is the Swedish development of sound-wall blasting (to preserve rock strength), treated below under rock chambers, since its importance increases with size of the opening. The second is the American development of rock moles that cut a smooth surface in the tunnel, thus minimizing rock damage and support needs—here limited…

soundboard, a thin plate of wood or a stretched membrane lying directly under the strings of a stringed musical instrument. It vibrates in response to the vibrations of the strings (transmitted to it by the bridge, an elastic piece of wood held under pressure or tension between the strings and

SoundCloud, music streaming service where users upload and promote their own music and audio content. SoundCloud is a privately traded company with 175 million users as of 2023. Its headquarters are in Berlin. The SoundCloud website was launched in 2008 by Swedish sound designer Alexander Ljung and

SoundCloud, music streaming service where users upload and promote their own music and audio content. SoundCloud is a privately traded company with 175 million users as of 2023. Its headquarters are in Berlin. The SoundCloud website was launched in 2008 by Swedish sound designer Alexander Ljung and

Martin Ritt: Films of the 1970s: …Hope were addressed elegaically in Sounder (1972). Ritt elicited powerful performances from Cicely Tyson and Paul Winfield, who are well supported by John Alonzo’s evocative photography and a score by Taj Mahal that evokes the feel of 1930s rural Louisiana. Sounder was nominated for an Academy Award for best picture,…

Soundgarden, American alternative rock group that was one of the forerunners of the grunge genre that came out of Seattle in the late 1980s and early ’90s. Grunge became especially popular with members of Generation X, who came of age during this time. The band was led by singer Chris Cornell,

Sundiata Keita was a West African monarch who founded the western Sudanese empire of Mali. During his reign, he established the territorial base of the empire and laid the foundations for its future prosperity and political unity. Sundiata belonged to the Keita clan of the Malinke people from the

lake: Topography of basins: Modern sounding devices measure the time taken for emitted sound to return after reflection from the bottom, relying on a knowledge of the speed of sound in water. The more sophisticated of these also provide for detection of the depths of stratification in sedimentary materials on…

sounding rocket, any unmanned rocket that is designed to probe atmospheric conditions and structure at heights (80–160 km [50–100 miles]) beyond the reach of airplanes and balloons but impractical to explore by means of artificial satellites. A sounding rocket usually has a vertical trajectory as

Djibril Tamsir Niane: …Soundjata ou l’épopée mandingue (1960; Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali) is a highly successful re-creation of the life and times of the illustrious 13th-century founder of the Mali empire, recounted in the voice of a tribal storyteller. His other works include a collection of short stories, Mery (1975), and…

formal logic: General observations: …both these conditions is called sound. Of these two conditions, the logician as such is concerned only with the first; the second, the determination of the truth or falsity of the premises, is the task of some special discipline or of common observation appropriate to the subject matter of the…

cement: Soundness: After it has set, a cement must not undergo any appreciable expansion, which could disrupt a mortar or concrete. This property of soundness is tested by subjecting the set cement to boiling in water or to high-pressure steam. Unsoundness can arise from the presence…

Rock criticism: …rivals New Musical Express and Sounds, both of which recruited “hip young gunslingers” (Julie Burchill, Tony Parsons, Jon Savage, Jane Suck) to cover the new music. From 1979 to 1982, during the postpunk era, the British weekly music magazines reached a peak of readership, influence, and creativity, thanks to the…

Paul Simon: …his first big hit, “The Sounds of Silence,” in 1965, Simon aspired to a self-consciously elevated poetic tone in his lyric writing that was the antithesis of rock-and-roll spontaneity. Infatuated with teenage street music in the mid-1950s, he returned throughout his career to the wellspring of dreamy doo-wop vocal…

Nick Cave: …wearable mixed-media constructions known as Soundsuits, which act simultaneously as fashion, sculpture, and noisemaking performance art.

soup, liquid food prepared by cooking meat, poultry, fish, legumes, or vegetables with seasonings in water, stock, milk, or some other liquid medium. The cooking of soup is as ancient as the devising of vessels to hold liquid; before the development of pots that could withstand the direct heat of a

soup joumou, traditional Haitian soup made with beef, winter squash, and vegetables. It is typically eaten every year on January 1 to commemorate Haiti’s independence from France in 1804. The soup also serves as a Sunday breakfast dish. Preparation of the soup is usually a family or community

Pablo Picasso: Blue Period of Pablo Picasso: …and compelling subject matter (The Soup [1902]), were reflected in his depictions of Barcelona street people—blind or lonely beggars and castaways in 1902–03 (Crouching Woman [1902]; Blind Man’s Meal [1903]; Old Jew and a Boy [1903]). The subject of maternity (women were allowed to keep nursing children with them…

Philippe Soupault was a French poet and novelist who was instrumental in founding the Surrealist movement. Soupault’s earliest verse collection, Aquarium (1917), was published with the help of Guillaume Apollinaire, who introduced Soupault to André Breton. In 1919 Soupault, Breton, and Louis Aragon

soupfin shark, (Galeorhinus galeus), shark species of the family Triakidae inhabiting temperate and subtropical waters of all continents except Asia. The soupfin shark was once heavily fished for its vitamin-rich liver oil. Its fins are considered a delicacy and are used in soups. Its meat is also

Souphanouvong was the leader of the revolutionary Pathet Lao movement and the first president of Communist-governed Laos. Souphanouvong, half brother of the Lao premier Souvanna Phouma, was born a prince, a son of Viceroy Boun Khong of Luang Prabang. He was trained in civil engineering in France,

Tyre, town on the Mediterranean coast of southern Lebanon, located 12 miles (19 km) north of the modern border with Israel and 25 miles (40 km) south of Sidon (modern Ṣaydā). It was a major Phoenician seaport from about 2000 bce through the Roman period. Tyre, built on an island and on the

Olivia Rodrigo: …included on her first album, Sour (2021), which features a blend of pop, folk, and alternative rock influences. The concert movie Olivia Rodrigo: Driving Home 2 U (2022) documents the making of the record. At the Grammy Awards in 2022, Rodrigo won for best new artist, best pop solo performance…

chemoreception: Taste: are usually recognized: sweet, salt, sour, bitter, and umami. But this is an anthropocentric view of a system that has evolved to give animals information about the nutrient content and the potential dangers of the foods they eat. The major nutrient requirements of all animals are carbohydrates, which act principally…

sweet William, (Dianthus barbatus), garden plant in the pink family (Caryophyllaceae), grown for its clusters of small bright-coloured flowers. It is usually treated as a biennial, seed sown the first year producing flowering plants the second year. The plant, growing to a height of 60 cm (2 feet),

tart cherry, (Prunus cerasus), species of cherry cultivated for its acidic fruits. Tart cherries are one of three types of cherries grown commercially, the others being sweet cherries and a cross of sweet and tart cherries known as dukes. Generally considered too acidic to eat fresh, tart cherries

sour cream, dairy product made from fermented cream inoculated with lactic acid bacteria. The addition of bacteria results in a tart thick substance that is often used as a condiment or added to stews or soups. Like yogurt and other fermented foods, sour cream contains probiotic bacteria, which may

Bouira: Sour el-Ghozlane in the drier south is a trading centre for horses, cattle, and sheep. Pop. (2008) 68,545.

chemical industry: Sources of sulfur: …and some natural gases, called sour gas, that contain appreciable quantities of hydrogen sulfide. Certain metal sulfides, such as those of zinc and copper, are contained in the ores of those metals. When these ores are roasted, sulfur dioxide is given off. Sulfur is usually shipped in its elemental form…

black gum, (Nyssa sylvatica), tupelo tree (family Nyssaceae) prized for its brilliant scarlet autumnal foliage. It is found in moist areas of the eastern United States from Maine south to the Gulf Coast and westward to Oklahoma. Its wood is light and soft but tough, and the tree is sometimes grown

Rutaceae: the lemon (Citrus ×limon), sour orange (C. ×aurantium), sweet orange (C. ×sinensis), lime (C. ×aurantifolia), tangerine and mandarin orange (C. reticulata), grapefruit (C. ×

evolution of the atmosphere: Processes: …the atmosphere is termed a source for the gas. Depending on the question under consideration, it can make sense to speak in terms of either an ultimate source—the process that delivered a component of the volatile inventory to Earth—or an immediate source—the process that sustains the abundance of a component…

proprietary software: …with the software and its source code.

Bill Gates: Memoir explores early life: In February 2025, Gates released Source Code: My Beginnings, the first of a projected three-part autobiographical series. The memoir gives an in-depth picture of Gates’s childhood, high school, and college years.